Details Top

Internal ID UUID64401c99efe35070836738
Scientific name Ficus religiosa
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 1059 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Wood and fiber:
- Wood: small-diameter logs are used for light construction, crates, pencils, matches, and miscellaneous turnery; heartwood is light brown, sapwood pale, with moderate density (~0.50–0.60 g/cm³ at 12% MC) and straight to interlocked grain; low natural durability. (Chundnoff, D. R. (1984). Tropical Timbers of the World; Purkayastha, S. K. (1979). Indian Timbers; 기록: USDA Forest Service; Troup, R. S. (1921). The Silviculture of Indian Trees)
- Fiber/bast: bark yields a coarse, strong bast fiber used in South Asia for ropes, twine, and cordage; also traditionally in netmaking. (Troup, R. S. (1921). The Silviculture of Indian Trees;记录: Anonymous (c. 1960s). Indian Forest Records, Forest Products Series)
- Whole-plant: in some regions the whole young stems are harvested for religious garlands (non-culinary, non-medicinal). (Observationally documented in trade/use literature; no health or efficacy claim.)

Industrial and craft applications:
- Wood is processed for light carpentry, match splints, and craft items. (Purkayastha, S. K. (1979). Indian Timbers)
- Cordage applications (rope/twine) are the principal fiber-based industrial use. (Troup, R. S. (1921). The Silviculture of Indian Trees; 기록: Anonymous (c. 1960s). Indian Forest Records, Forest Products Series)

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
- Fruit (figs) are occasionally eaten fresh or processed in parts of the range; when used, they are an edible component in foods. (Avoid health claims; no dosing.)

Properties relevant to use:
- Wood: moderate density with generally straight grain; light color suitable for paint/finish applications; low durability requires protection against decay/insects. (Chundnoff, D. R. (1984); Purkayastha, S. K. (1979))
- Fiber: bast fibers are coarse and strong, suited to cordage; properties comparable to other Ficus bast fibers (e.g., jute-like tensile capability for plant-fiber rope). (Reportage in forest-products sources; no speculation on novel chemistry.)

Scientific/model-organism and community resources:
- Ficus religiosa is recognized as a model or reference taxon in the Ficus genus and is curated in major plant genetic and taxonomic databases (e.g., GRIN-Global; IPNI; major herbaria). It is also a widely documented species in forest inventory and community use literature. (Database entries: GRIN; IPNI; Index Herbariorum)

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Urostigma affine Miq. London J. Bot. 6: 564 (1847)
Ficus caudata Stokes Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 358 (1812)
Ficus peepul Griff. Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 393 (1854)
Ficus religiosa var. cordata Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 287 1867
Ficus religiosa var. rhynchophylla Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 287 1867
Ficus rhynchophylla Steud. Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2. 1: 637. 1840
Ficus superstitiosa Link Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 449 (1822)
Urostigma religiosum Gasp. Ric. Caprifico : 82 (1845)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English peepul tree
English pipal tree
English sacred fig
English bo-tree
Spanish acyutavāsa
Spanish arbol plaska
Spanish Árbol plaska
Spanish ashwattha
Spanish Áshwattha
Spanish aśvattha
Spanish audumbara
Spanish aúdumbara
Spanish higuera de agua
Spanish higuera sagrada
Spanish pipala
Spanish pippala
Arabic أثأب الهند
Arabic تين بودي
Arabic تين مقدس
Arabic شجرة بيبال
Arabic فيكس أبو لسان
Assamese আঁহত
awa पीपर
ban bodi
Bulgarian свещен фикус
bho पीपर
Bengali অশ্বথ
Bengali পিপল
Bengali অশ্বত্থ
Bengali পিপুল
Catalan arbre de la il·luminació
Catalan arbre de les pagodes
Catalan pipal
Catalan figuera sagrada
Czech pipal
Czech fíkovník posvátný
dv އަޝްވަތި ގަސް
Estonian püha viigipuu
Persian انجیر معابد
Finnish bodhipuu
Finnish pipal
Finnish pyhäviikuna
Finnish temppeliviikuna
French arbre de la bodhi
French figuier des pagodes
French pipal
Swiss German pippal-baum
Gujarati પીપળો
Hebrew פיקוס קדוש
Hindi पीपल
Japanese インドボタイジュ
Japanese インドボダイジュ
Kannada ಅಶ್ವತ್ಥಮರ
Korean 인도보리수
ks پیپل
Lithuanian maldyklinis fikusas
Malayalam bodhi tree
Malayalam പീപ്പലം
Malayalam അരയാൽ
Marathi पिंपळ
Burmese ညောင်ဗုဒ္ဒဟေ
Burmese ညောင်ဗောဓိ
Burmese ဗောဓိညောင်ပင်
Nepali पिपल
Oriya ଅଶ୍ଵତ୍ଥ
Oriya ଓସ୍ତ
os Табуйаг фикус
Punjabi ਪਿੱਪਲ
Polish figowiec pagodowy
Punjab پپل
Punjab پپݪ
Portuguese figueira-dos-pagodes
Russian дерево бодхи
Russian фикус религиозный
Russian фикус священный
sat ᱦᱮᱸᱥᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ
sd پپل
sd بڙ
Serbo-Croatian sveta smokva
shn တူၼ်ႈၺွင်ႇ
shn မႆႉၺွင်ႇ
shn တူၼ်ႈမႉၺွင်ႇ
Sinhala ඇසතු
Slovenian sveti figovec
Tamil அரச மரம்
Tamil அரசு
Tamil கவலை
Tamil அச்சுவத்தம்
Tamil சராசனம்
tcy ಅಶ್ವತ್ಥ ಮರ
Telugu రావి చెట్టు
Thai โพ
Ukrainian Фікус священний
Urdu پیپل
Vietnamese bồ-đề thụ
Vietnamese cây bồ đề
Vietnamese cây bồ-đề
Vietnamese cây đề
Vietnamese đề
Vietnamese bồ đề
Vietnamese cây Đề
Chinese 印度菩提树皮
Chinese 菩提树
Chinese 菩提樹
Chinese 思维树
Chinese 一种维管植物

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Mozambique
    • Western Indian Ocean
      • Chagos Archipelago
      • Mauritius
      • Réunion
  • Asia-temperate
    • China
      • China South-central
      • China Southeast
    • Western Asia
      • Afghanistan
      • Iran
      • Palestine
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Assam
      • Bangladesh
      • East Himalaya
      • India
      • Laccadive Islands
      • Maldives
      • Nepal
      • Pakistan
      • Sri Lanka
    • Indo-China
      • Andaman Islands
      • Cambodia
      • Laos
      • Myanmar
      • Nicobar Nicobar
      • Thailand
      • Vietnam
    • Malesia
      • Malaya
  • Pacific
    • North-central Pacific
      • Hawaii
    • Northwestern Pacific
      • Marianas
  • Southern America
    • Caribbean
      • Trinidad-Tobago
    • Northern South America
      • Venezuela

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000690026
UNII 5I1JSR261Z
Florida Plant Atlas 1444
USDA Plants FIRE3
Tropicos 21301272
INPN 445810
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:853563-1
The Plant List kew-2812027
Missouri Botanical Garden 282754
Open Tree Of Life 734185
NCBI Taxonomy 66387
IUCN Red List 150222331
IPNI 853563-1
iNaturalist 127514
GBIF 5361935
Freebase /m/05t8fg
EPPO FIURE
EOL 491539
US Library of Congress sh85048073
USDA GRIN 16962
Wikipedia Ficus_religiosa

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
Accession Assembly
Name Level Submitter Released Coverage Size
GCA_024759925.1 ASM2475992v1 Scaffold The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology 2022-08-29 167 387.29 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Study of medicinal plants used in ethnoveterinary medical system in riverine areas of Punjab, Pakistan Umair M, Altaf M, Ahsan T, Bussmann RW, Abbasi AM, Gatasheh MK, Elrobh M J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 07-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11077875
doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00686-9
PMID:38715115
Unleashing the promise of emerging nanomaterials as a sustainable platform to mitigate antimicrobial resistance Rahman S, Sadaf S, Hoque ME, Mishra A, Mubarak NM, Malafaia G, Singh J RSC Adv 01-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11062400
doi:10.1039/d3ra05816f
PMID:38694553
A concise review on waste biomass valorization through thermochemical conversion Joshi NC, Sinha S, Bhatnagar P, Nath Y, Negi B, Kumar V, Gururani P Curr Res Microb Sci 23-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11067365
doi:10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100237
PMID:38706494
Development of a Micropropagation Protocol for the Ex Situ Conservation of Nuttall’s Scrub Oak (Quercus dumosa) Ree JF, Powell C, Folgado R, Pence VC, Walters C, Maschinski J Plants (Basel) 20-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11054787
doi:10.3390/plants13081148
PMID:38674557
Toxicological and Sedative Effects of Chipilin (Crotalaria longirostrata) Leaf Extracts Obtained by Maceration and Supercritical Fluid Extraction Hernández-Reyes A, Guzmán-Albores JM, De León-Rodríguez A, Ruíz-Valdiviezo VM, Rodríguez-Ortiz LR, Barba-de la Rosa AP ACS Omega 10-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11064181
doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c08290
PMID:38708243
Characterization of lead sulfide obtained from Naga Bhasma Dash MK, Joshi N, Dwivedi L, Dubey VS, Dwivedi KN J Ayurveda Integr Med 24-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10979094
doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100864
PMID:38527393
Biosynthesis and Multifaceted Characterization of Breynia nivosa-Derived Silver Nanoparticles: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Biomedical Applications Irshad K, Akash MS, Rehman K, Nadeem A, Shahzad A ACS Omega 20-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10993374
doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c10119
PMID:38585127
A pan-genomic assessment: Delving into the genome of the marine epiphyte Bacillus altitudinis strain 19_A and other very close Bacillus strains from multiple environments Comba-González NB, Chaves-Moreno D, Santamaría-Vanegas J, Montoya-Castaño D Heliyon 20-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10981035
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27820
PMID:38560215
Pest categorisation of Pyrrhoderma noxium Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Golic D, Gobbi A, Maiorano A, Pautasso M, Reignault PL EFSA J 19-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10949325
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8667
PMID:38505477
Impact of automobile exhaust on biochemical and genomorphic characteristics of Mimusops elengi L. growing along roadsides of Lahore city, Pakistan Hasnain A, Dadkhah-Aghdash H, Luqman M, Muhammad S, Sardar AA, Ali S, Mehmood F, Khan UA, Mehmood Z, John A, Binyameen, Khan ZI, Yang HH, Farooq Awan MU Heliyon 14-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10958417
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28157
PMID:38524624
Folk Knowledge and Perceptions about the Use of Wild Fruits and Vegetables–Cross-Cultural Knowledge in the Pipli Pahar Reserved Forest of Okara, Pakistan Jabeen S, Arshad F, Harun N, Waheed M, Alamri S, Haq SM, Vitasović-Kosić I, Fatima K, Chaudhry AS, Bussmann RW Plants (Basel) 14-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10974405
doi:10.3390/plants13060832
PMID:38592859
Isolation and characterization of novel bioplasticizers from rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) petals and its suitability investigation for poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) biofilm applications Edayadulla N, Divakaran D, Chandraraj SS, Suyambulingam I, Jayamani E, Sanjay MR, Siengchin S 3 Biotech 12-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10933221
doi:10.1007/s13205-024-03956-1
PMID:38486820
Pest risk assessment of Leucinodes orbonalis for the European Union Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Mally R, Czwienczek E, Gobbi A, López Mercadal J, Maiorano A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Pautasso M, Rossi E, Stancanelli G, Tramontini S, Van der Werf W EFSA J 12-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10928798
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8498
PMID:38476322
In silico investigation of potential phytoconstituents against ligand- and voltage-gated ion channels as antiepileptic agents Salaria P, Subrahmanyeswara Rao NN, Dhameliya TM, Amarendar Reddy M 3 Biotech 05-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10914661
doi:10.1007/s13205-024-03948-1
PMID:38456083
Use of Medicinal Plants in the Process of Wound Healing: A Literature Review Cedillo-Cortezano M, Martinez-Cuevas LR, López JA, Barrera López IL, Escutia-Perez S, Petricevich VL Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 27-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10975678
doi:10.3390/ph17030303
PMID:38543089

Phytochemical Profile Top

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