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Ficus hispida

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64401c7ad2979499407984
Scientific name Ficus hispida
Authority L.f.
First published in Suppl. Pl. : 442 (1782)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
- Timber (heartwood) for light construction, furniture, and small objects.
- Bast fiber from bark used for rope, twine, and paper pulp.
- Edible ripe fruit, processed into jam or chutney.
- Latex (milky sap) used as a natural adhesive.
- Reference genome in public databases for fig–wasp co‑evolution research.

Industrial and craft applications:
- Wood provides light‑load material for boxes, panels, and non‑structural furniture.
- Bast fibers, with ~70 % cellulose and low lignin, give high‑quality pulp suitable for kraft and fine papers.
- Latex, containing ~30 % polyisoprene, serves as a tacky natural adhesive for wood joints and as a base for rubberized coatings.
- Bark extracts are employed as vegetable tanning agents for leather.

Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
- Ripe fruit is sweet (≈12–15 °Brix) and eaten fresh or turned into jam; it also yields pectin useful for jam setting.
- Young leaves are occasionally used as a vegetable in regional cuisines.

Colorants and tanning:
- Bark and fruit contain hydrolyzable tannins (gallotannins) at ~12–15 % dry weight, used in leather tanning and as a natural brown dye for protein fibers.

Wood and fiber:
- Heartwood is a light hardwood with density 0.45–0.55 g cm⁻³, modulus of rupture 80–100 MPa, and radial shrinkage ~3–4 %, making it stable for furniture and light construction.
- Bast fibers consist of ~70 % cellulose, 18–22 % lignin, and

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Sycomorphe roxburghii Miq. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 3, 1: 35 (1844)
Covellia assamica Miq. London J. Bot. 7: 464 (1848)
Covellia courtallensis Miq. London J. Bot. 7: 463 (1848)
Covellia daemonum Miq. London J. Bot. 7: 462 (1848)
Covellia dasycarpa Miq. London J. Bot. 7: 465 (1848)
Covellia hispida Miq. London J. Bot. 7: 462 (1848)
Covellia oppositifolia Gasp. Nov. Gen. Fic. : 85 (1844)
Covellia setulosa Miq. London J. Bot. 7: 462 (1848)
Covellia wightiana Miq. London J. Bot. 7: 463 (1848)
Ficus compressa S.S.Chang Guihaia 3: 295 (1983)
Ficus daemona Vahl Enum. Pl. 2: 198 (1805)
Ficus fecunda Blume Catalogus : 36 (1823)
Ficus hispida var. badiostrigosa Corner Gard. Bull. Singapore 18: 53 1960
Ficus hispida f. borneensis Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 282 1867
Ficus hispida var. incana Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 627 1891
Ficus hispida f. obovifolia Hochr. Candollea 2: 331 1925
Ficus hispida var. viridis Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 627 1891
Ficus hispidioides S.Moore J. Bot. 61(Suppl.): 51 (1923)
Ficus letaqui H.Lév. & Vaniot Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 550 (1910)
Ficus lima Royen ex Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 82. 1867
Ficus mollis Willd. Mem. Acad. Berl. (1798) 103.
Ficus oppositifolia Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4 , 4: 1151 (1806)
Ficus perinteregam Pennant Outl. Globe 4: 313 1800
Ficus poilanei Gagnep. Notul. Syst. (Paris) 4: 93 (1927)
Ficus prominens Wall. & Miq. London J. Bot. 7: 236 (1848)
Ficus sambucixylon H.Lév. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 444 (1911)
Ficus scabra Jacq. Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 36. 1798
Ficus simphytifolia Lam. Encycl. 2: 498 (1788)
Ficus symphytifolia Spreng. Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 784. 1826 [Jan-Mar 1826]
Gonosuke demonum Raf. Sylva Tellur. 58. 1838
Gonosuke hispida Raf. Sylva Tellur. 58. 1838
Gonosuke scaber Raf. Sylva Tellur. 58. 1838

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English opposite-leaved fig
Arabic تين البر
Bengali কাকডুমুর
Hindi कठगूलर
Indonesian bisoro
Japanese フィクス・イスピーダ
jv luwingan
Malayalam എരുമനാക്ക്
Burmese ခအောင်းပင်
Nepali डुम्री
Oriya କାଠ ଡିମ୍ବିରି
sa अञ्जीर
sa फल्गु
Tamil பேய் அத்தி
Thai มะเดื่อปล้อง
Chinese 對葉榕
Chinese 牛奶树子
Chinese 牛奶树
Chinese 牛奶子
Chinese 对叶榕

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • China
      • China South-central
      • China Southeast
      • Hainan
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Assam
      • Bangladesh
      • East Himalaya
      • India
      • Nepal
      • Sri Lanka
      • West Himalaya
    • Indo-China
      • Andaman Islands
      • Cambodia
      • Laos
      • Myanmar
      • Nicobar Nicobar
      • Thailand
      • Vietnam
    • Malesia
      • Borneo
      • Jawa
      • Lesser Sunda Islands
      • Malaya
      • Maluku
      • Sulawesi
      • Sumatera
    • Papuasia
      • New Guinea
  • Australasia
    • Australia
      • Northern Territory
      • Queensland
      • Western Australia

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000688701
Tropicos 21302012
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:852981-1
The Plant List kew-2810756
Open Tree Of Life 440512
NCBI Taxonomy 462830
IUCN Red List 147494318
IPNI 852981-1
iNaturalist 369426
GBIF 7262480
Freebase /m/0j9p3r6
EPPO FIUHS
EOL 2872490
USDA GRIN 16861
Wikipedia Ficus_hispida

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
Accession Assembly
Name Level Submitter Released Coverage Size
GCA_025413025.1 ASM2541302v1 Chromosome Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden 2022-09-28 86 352.62 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Prenylated Flavonoids of the Moraceae Family: A Comprehensive Review of Their Biological Activities Morante-Carriel J, Živković S, Nájera H, Sellés-Marchart S, Martínez-Márquez A, Martínez-Esteso MJ, Obrebska A, Samper-Herrero A, Bru-Martínez R Plants (Basel) 27-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11085352
doi:10.3390/plants13091211
PMID:38732426
Does local soil factor drive functional leaf trait variation? A test on Neilingding Island, South China Tong S, Zhang J, Qiao X, Li B, Yang Q, Hu P, Yu S BMC Ecol Evol 10-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11005248
doi:10.1186/s12862-024-02227-0
PMID:38600505
Biosynthesis, characterization and study of the application of silver nanoparticle for 4-nitrophenol reduction, and antimicrobial activities Mulu M, Tefera M, Guadie A, Basavaiah K Biotechnol Rep (Amst) 21-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10999826
doi:10.1016/j.btre.2024.e00838
PMID:38590717
Patterns of Genomic Diversity in a Fig-Associated Close Relative of Caenorhabditis elegans Woodruff GC, Willis JH, Phillips PC Genome Biol Evol 01-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10883733
doi:10.1093/gbe/evae020
PMID:38302111
The In Vitro Inhibitory Activity of Pacaya Palm Rachis versus Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme, α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Bernardino-Nicanor A, Fernández-Avalos S, Juárez-Goiz JM, Montañez-Soto JL, González-Cruz L Plants (Basel) 29-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10856824
doi:10.3390/plants13030400
PMID:38337933
Update of Natural Products and Their Derivatives Targeting Epstein–Barr Infection Pennisi R, Trischitta P, Costa M, Venuti A, Tamburello MP, Sciortino MT Viruses 15-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10818872
doi:10.3390/v16010124
PMID:38257824
Geometric entropy of plant leaves: A measure of morphological complexity Muraleedharan V, Rajan SC, R J PLoS One 02-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10760904
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0293596
PMID:38166118
A facile strategy for preparation of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles using Cordia myxa leaf extract and investigating its adsorption activity in dye removal Ghoohestani E, Samari F, Homaei A, Yosuefinejad S Sci Rep 02-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10762222
doi:10.1038/s41598-023-50550-1
PMID:38168136
A telomere-to-telomere reference genome of ficus (Ficus hispida) provides new insights into sex determination Liao Z, Zhang T, Lei W, Wang Y, Yu J, Wang Y, Chai K, Wang G, Zhang H, Zhang X Hortic Res 13-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10807705
doi:10.1093/hr/uhad257
PMID:38269293
Advancing understanding of Ficus carica: a comprehensive genomic analysis reveals evolutionary patterns and metabolic pathway insights Bao Y, He M, Zhang C, Jiang S, Zhao L, Ye Z, Sun Q, Xia Z, Zou M Front Plant Sci 07-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10754049
doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1298417
PMID:38155853
Evolution of Wolbachia reproductive and nutritional mutualism: insights from the genomes of two novel strains that double infect the pollinator of dioecious Ficus hirta Liu W, Xia X, Hoffmann AA, Ding Y, Fang JC, Yu H BMC Genomics 01-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10621080
doi:10.1186/s12864-023-09726-2
PMID:37914998
Factors influencing the distribution of woody plants in tropical karst hills, south China Hu G, Zhang Z, Wu H, Li L PeerJ 27-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10615033
doi:10.7717/peerj.16331
PMID:37908415
PhytoSelectDBT: A database for the molecular models of anti-diabetic targets docked with bioactive peptides from selected ethno-medicinal plants Roy S, Teron R, Nikku Linga R Bioinformation 30-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10625370
doi:10.6026/97320630019908
PMID:37928486
The genetic structuring in pollinating wasps of Ficus hispida in continental Asia Deng X, Liao Y, Wong D, Yu H Ecol Evol 20-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10511832
doi:10.1002/ece3.10518
PMID:37745788
Recent insights about pyrrolidine core skeletons in pharmacology Poyraz S, Döndaş HA, Döndaş NY, Sansano JM Front Pharmacol 06-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10512268
doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1239658
PMID:37745071

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters / Wax esters / Wax monoesters
10-Oxotetracosyl icosanoate 123920605 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC 663.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(75)80102-5

Gallery Top

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