Artocarpus elasticus
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64400ae970e6d207177451 |
| Scientific name | Artocarpus elasticus |
| Authority | Reinw. |
| First published in | Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. : 481 (1825) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Among the Dayak Kenyah of East Kalimantan, infusions made from the inner bark of Artocarpus elasticus have long been used as a restorative “maternity tonic” during the postpartum period (Bennett, 1992). Communities in the northern Headwaters of the Mahakam have prepared decoctions of the leaves to treat diarrhea, while poultices of the same leaves are applied to wounds and boils (Bennett, 1992). In the Bidayuh region of Sarawak, leaf decoctions are taken for fever and are also used as a general convalescent drink (Lee et al., 2008). Among the Kayan and Kenyah of the Apau Kayan in northern Borneo, a paste made by crushing young leaves is applied to skin irritations and joint swellings (Bennett, 1992). In eastern and southern Thailand, the plant is known as Champada; there, leaves and sometimes inner bark are traditionally used as a mild bitter tea taken after meals or during convalescence (Chevallier, 1996; Stokes et al., 2005).
A straightforward bark infusion is commonly prepared for general tonic use. Roughly 5–10 g of sun‑dried inner bark is added to 250–300 ml of freshly boiled water and left to infuse for 10–15 minutes; the liquid is then filtered and taken warm. In some communities the infusion is lightly sweetened before drinking (Bennett, 1992). For a gentle leaf decoction used for fever or mild gastrointestinal upset, 10–15 g of dried leaves are simmered in about 300 ml of water for 10–15 minutes, cooled, and taken in small cups throughout the day (Lee et al., 2008; Bennett, 1992). Traditional practice suggests using these preparations for short periods only and avoiding large or strong doses; information on longer term use or contraindications is not well documented, and pregnant or lactating women should seek advice from a health professional before using any new remedy (Bennett, 1992; Lee et al., 2008).
Phytochemical surveys of the wood and leaves report abundant flavonoids and other phenolic compounds that are widely distributed across Artocarpus species, as well as triterpenes such as ursolic and oleanolic acids and the prenylated flavonoid artonin E that is particularly notable in some Artocarpus taxa (Hou et al., 2006; Middleton et al., 2007; Cheesman et al., 2017). These constituents are associated with antioxidant and mild astringent activity, which aligns plausibly with the plant’s traditional uses as a tonic, for fever, and for treating diarrhea (Hou et al., 2006; Middleton et al., 2007; Chevallier, 1996; Stokes et al., 2005).
Today, Artocarpus elasticus remains widely used in rural Borneo and nearby regions of Southeast Asia, with bark infusions and leaf decoctions still prepared for convalescence, postpartum support, and mild fevers (Lee et al., 2008; Bennett, 1992). Small‑scale ethnobotanical studies continue to document its uses, and while clinical research is still emerging, commercial interest in its timber and minor ethnobotanical products sustains both local practice and broader scientific attention (Lee et al., 2008; Chevallier, 1996).
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Fresh fruit, processed into jam, dried slices or fruit leather; roasted seeds; timber for construction and furniture; bark fiber for rope and twine; seed oil extracted for edible use.
Industrial and craft applications:
- Wood used for furniture, interior joinery, paneling and lightweight construction; can be processed into plywood and veneer; bark fibers spun into strong rope and twine, suitable for maritime rigging; resin from the trunk serves as a natural adhesive for small craft repairs; leaves sometimes processed for a fibrous material used in weaving mats.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
- Ripe fruit eaten raw or cooked, sliced into desserts or used as flavoring; fruit pulp can be fermented into a low‑alcohol beverage or processed into juice concentrates; seeds boiled, roasted, and salted as a snack; seed oil pressed for culinary use in frying or as a salad dressing component.
Colorants and tanning:
- Bark yields condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins) used in small‑scale leather tanning to produce a brown, durable finish; the same extract can serve as a natural dye for protein fibers.
Wood and fiber:
- Wood density ~0.55 g cm⁻³; modulus of rupture ~70 MPa; low shrinkage (
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Saccus elasticus | Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 633. 1891 [5 Nov 1891] |
| Saccus blumei | Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 633. 1891 [5 Nov 1891] |
| Saccus kuenstleri | Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 633. 1891 [5 Nov 1891] |
| Artocarpus blumei | Trécul | Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 3, 8: 111 (1847) |
| Artocarpus kunstleri | King ex Hook.f. | Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 5(15): 540. 1888 [Dec 1888] ; et in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. 2: 9, t. 4. 1889 |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Indonesian | torap |
| Indonesian | benda |
| Indonesian | benda (pohon) |
| jv | bendha |
| min | tarok |
| Malay | pokok terap nasi |
| Malay | terap nasi |
| su | teureup |
| Chinese | 马来波罗蜜 |
| Chinese | 馬來波羅蜜 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indo-China
- Myanmar
- Thailand
-
Malesia
- Borneo
- Jawa
- Lesser Sunda Islands
- Malaya
- Philippines
- Sumatera
-
Indo-China
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000550472 |
| USDA Plants | AREL9 |
| Tropicos | 100293205 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:850378-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2653963 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 513376 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 709042 |
| IUCN Red List | 61220310 |
| IPNI | 850378-1 |
| iNaturalist | 348099 |
| GBIF | 2984578 |
| EPPO | ABFEL |
| EOL | 491544 |
| USDA GRIN | 4326 |
| Wikipedia | Artocarpus_elasticus |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / p-Hydroxybenzoic acid esters / p-Hydroxybenzoic acid alkyl esters | |||||
| Ethyl 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate | 821388 | Click to see | 182.17 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2001-18845 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| (-)-beta-Sitosterol | 222284 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00293-2 |
| 17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 86821 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00293-2 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones | |||||
| (13R)-5-[(E)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbut-1-enyl]-6,8,17-trihydroxy-19-methoxy-14,14-dimethyl-3,15-dioxapentacyclo[11.6.1.02,11.04,9.016,20]icosa-1(19),2(11),4,6,8,16(20),17-heptaen-10-one | 163009593 | Click to see | 482.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| (13S)-5-[(E)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbut-1-enyl]-6,8,17-trihydroxy-19-methoxy-14,14-dimethyl-3,15-dioxapentacyclo[11.6.1.02,11.04,9.016,20]icosa-1(19),2(11),4,6,8,16(20),17-heptaen-10-one | 5326338 | Click to see | 482.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| (6R)-5,9,11,14-tetrahydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-6-prop-1-en-2-yl-6,7-dihydrochromeno[7,6-c]xanthen-8-one | 15939771 | Click to see | 434.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| (6S)-5,9,11,14-tetrahydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-6-prop-1-en-2-yl-6,7-dihydrochromeno[7,6-c]xanthen-8-one | 154496070 | Click to see | 434.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| 5-(2,3-Dihydroxy-3-methylbut-1-enyl)-6,8,17-trihydroxy-19-methoxy-14,14-dimethyl-3,15-dioxapentacyclo[11.6.1.02,11.04,9.016,20]icosa-1(19),2(11),4,6,8,16(20),17-heptaen-10-one | 163009592 | Click to see | 482.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| Artelastoxanthone | 5326337 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CC2=C(C3=C1C(=C4C(=C3O)C=CC(O4)(C)C)O)OC5=CC(=CC(=C5C2=O)O)O | 434.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones / Pyranoxanthones | |||||
| (17R)-12,21,23-trihydroxy-8,8,18,18-tetramethyl-11-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3,9,19-trioxahexacyclo[15.6.1.02,15.04,13.05,10.020,24]tetracosa-1(24),2(15),4,6,10,12,20,22-octaen-14-one | 162905892 | Click to see | 502.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| (17R)-12,21,23-trihydroxy-8,8,18,18-tetramethyl-3,9,19-trioxahexacyclo[15.6.1.02,15.04,13.05,10.020,24]tetracosa-1(24),2(15),4(13),5(10),6,11,20,22-octaen-14-one | 162872214 | Click to see | 434.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| (17S)-11-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl]-12,21,23-trihydroxy-8,8,18,18-tetramethyl-3,9,19-trioxahexacyclo[15.6.1.02,15.04,13.05,10.020,24]tetracosa-1(24),2(15),4,6,10,12,20,22-octaen-14-one | 15939770 | Click to see | 570.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| (17S)-12,21,23-trihydroxy-8,8,18,18-tetramethyl-11-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3,9,19-trioxahexacyclo[15.6.1.02,15.04,13.05,10.020,24]tetracosa-1(24),2(15),4,6,10,12,20,22-octaen-14-one | 162905891 | Click to see | 502.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| (5aS)-1,3,8-Trihydroxy-5,5,11,11-tetramethyl-5a,6-dihydro-5H,7H,11H-[1]benzofuro[3,4-bc]pyrano[3,2-h]xanthen-7-one | 46887867 | Click to see | 434.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| (9R)-6-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-9-prop-1-en-2-yl-9,10-dihydro-8H-pyrano[2,3-c]xanthene-7,11-dione | 162966661 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CC2=C(C(=O)C1)OC3=C(C2=O)C(=CC4=C3C=CC(O4)(C)C)O | 352.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| (9S)-6-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-9-prop-1-en-2-yl-9,10-dihydro-8H-pyrano[2,3-c]xanthene-7,11-dione | 154496196 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CC2=C(C(=O)C1)OC3=C(C2=O)C(=CC4=C3C=CC(O4)(C)C)O | 352.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| 10-Acetyl-21-hydroxy-6,6,17,17-tetramethyl-7,12,18-trioxapentacyclo[11.8.0.03,11.05,9.014,19]henicosa-1(13),3,5(9),10,14(19),15,20-heptaen-2-one | 162966677 | Click to see CC(=O)C1=C2C(=CC3=C1COC3(C)C)C(=O)C4=C(O2)C5=C(C=C4O)OC(C=C5)(C)C | 406.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| 11-(3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)-12,21,23-trihydroxy-8,8,18,18-tetramethyl-3,9,19-trioxahexacyclo[15.6.1.02,15.04,13.05,10.020,24]tetracosa-1(24),2(15),4,6,10,12,20,22-octaen-14-one | 162992307 | Click to see | 570.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| artonin F | 14680593 | Click to see CC(=CCC1=C2C(=C3C(=C1O)C(=O)C4=C(O3)C5=C6C(C4)C(OC6=C(C=C5O)O)(C)C)C=CC(O2)(C)C)C | 502.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| artonol A | 10736715 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CC2=C(C(=O)C1)OC3=C(C2=O)C(=CC4=C3C=CC(O4)(C)C)O | 352.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| Artonol B | 10740797 | Click to see | 420.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| Cycloartobiloxanthone | 10342859 | Click to see | 434.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzoxepines | |||||
| (6R)-3,9,11-trihydroxy-6-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-10,12-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-6,7-dihydrochromeno[3,2-d][1]benzoxepin-8-one | 154496186 | Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C3=C(O2)C4=C(C=C(C=C4)O)OC(C3)C(C)(C)O)CC=C(C)C)O)C | 506.60 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00631-6 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2001-18845 |
| (6S)-3,9,11-trihydroxy-6-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-10,12-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-6,7-dihydrochromeno[3,2-d][1]benzoxepin-8-one | 163046676 | Click to see | 506.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00631-6 |
| Artelastocarpin | 15386210 | Click to see | 506.60 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(03)00627-1 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2001-18845 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00631-6 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / 6-prenylated flavones | |||||
| Artocarpesin | 399491 | Click to see | 354.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00293-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(03)00627-1 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / 8-prenylated flavones | |||||
| (8S)-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-3,6-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8,9-dihydrofuro[2,3-h]chromen-4-one | 163060471 | Click to see | 506.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00631-6 |
| 2-(2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl]-8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)chromen-4-one | 15939769 | Click to see CC(=CCC1=C2C(=C(C=C1O)O)C(=O)C(=C(O2)C3=CC(=C(C=C3O)OC)O)C(C=C(C)C)O)C | 468.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| 2-(2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl]-8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)chromen-4-one | 162905075 | Click to see | 468.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| 5-hydroxy-7-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl]-2,2-dimethyl-10-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8-(2,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)pyrano[3,2-g]chromen-6-one | 15939775 | Click to see | 520.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| 5-hydroxy-7-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl]-2,2-dimethyl-10-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8-(2,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)pyrano[3,2-g]chromen-6-one | 162879554 | Click to see CC(=CCC1=C2C(=C(C3=C1OC(=C(C3=O)C(C=C(C)C)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4O)O)O)O)C=CC(O2)(C)C)C | 520.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| Artelasticin | 5471311 | Click to see | 490.60 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00293-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(03)00627-1 |
| Artelasticinol | 5326335 | Click to see | 468.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| Artelastofuran | 15386211 | Click to see | 506.60 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00631-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(03)00627-1 |
| Artelastoheterol | 5326343 | Click to see CC(=CCC1=C2C(=C(C3=C1OC(=C(C3=O)C(C=C(C)C)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4O)O)O)O)C=CC(O2)(C)C)C | 520.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Furanoflavones | |||||
| (7R,21R)-4,17-dihydroxy-7,21-bis(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-10-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8,12,20-trioxapentacyclo[11.9.0.03,11.05,9.014,19]docosa-1(13),3(11),4,9,14(19),15,17-heptaen-2-one | 154496315 | Click to see CC(=CCC1=C2C(=C(C3=C1OC4=C(C3=O)CC(OC5=C4C=CC(=C5)O)C(C)(C)O)O)CC(O2)C(C)(C)O)C | 522.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2001-18845 |
| (7S,21R)-4,17-dihydroxy-7,21-bis(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-10-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8,12,20-trioxapentacyclo[11.9.0.03,11.05,9.014,19]docosa-1(13),3(11),4,9,14(19),15,17-heptaen-2-one | 163032383 | Click to see | 522.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2001-18845 |
| Carpelastofuran | 44258665 | Click to see | 522.60 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2001-18845 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(03)00627-1 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Pyranoflavonoids | |||||
| (11S)-7,15-dihydroxy-19,19-dimethyl-22-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-11-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-2,10,20-trioxapentacyclo[12.8.0.03,12.04,9.016,21]docosa-1(14),3(12),4(9),5,7,15,17,21-octaen-13-one | 162848944 | Click to see CC(=CCC1=C2C(=C(C3=C1OC4=C(C3=O)C(OC5=C4C=CC(=C5)O)C=C(C)C)O)C=CC(O2)(C)C)C | 486.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00293-2 |
| (15R)-11,19-dihydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-15-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-2,8,16-trioxapentacyclo[12.8.0.03,12.04,9.017,22]docosa-1(14),3(12),4(9),5,10,17(22),18,20-octaen-13-one | 92471958 | Click to see | 418.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| (15S)-11,19-dihydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-15-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-2,8,16-trioxapentacyclo[12.8.0.03,12.04,9.017,22]docosa-1(14),3(12),4(9),5,10,17(22),18,20-octaen-13-one | 92471957 | Click to see | 418.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| (6R)-3,8,10-trihydroxy-9-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-6-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-6H-chromeno[4,3-b]chromen-7-one | 154496418 | Click to see | 420.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00631-6 |
| (6S)-3,8,10-trihydroxy-9-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-6-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-6H-chromeno[4,3-b]chromen-7-one | 154496779 | Click to see | 420.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00631-6 |
| (6S)-3,8,10-trihydroxy-9,11-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-6-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-6H-chromeno[4,3-b]chromen-7-one | 154496185 | Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C3=C(O2)C4=C(C=C(C=C4)O)OC3C=C(C)C)CC=C(C)C)O)C | 488.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00293-2 |
| Artelastin | 399488 | Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C3=C(O2)C4=C(C=C(C=C4)O)OC3C=C(C)C)CC=C(C)C)O)C | 488.60 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LFS.2004.09.049 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00293-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(03)00627-1 |
| Artelastochromene | 5471310 | Click to see | 486.60 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(03)00627-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00293-2 |
| Cyclomorusin | 5481969 | Click to see CC(=CC1C2=C(C3=C(O1)C=C(C=C3)O)OC4=C(C2=O)C(=CC5=C4C=CC(O5)(C)C)O)C | 418.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050287J |
| Isocyclomulberrin | 5316260 | Click to see | 420.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00631-6 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |