Helleborus niger
Table of Contents
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID6440201c20788407230856 |
| Scientific name | Helleborus niger |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl. : 558 (1753) |
Description Top
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Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Helleborus altifolius | Steud. | Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 1: 746 (1840) |
| Helleborus grandiflorus | Salisb. | Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 374 (1796) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | black hellebore |
| English | christmas rose |
| Spanish | rosa de navidad |
| Spanish | helleborus macranthus |
| Spanish | helleborus grandiflorus |
| Spanish | eléboro negro |
| Spanish | helleborus altifolius |
| ang | ceasterwyrt |
| Arabic | خربق أسود |
| Azerbaijani | qara şaxtagülü |
| azb | قارا شاختاگۆلو |
| Bulgarian | Черен кукуряк |
| Bulgarian | черен кукуряк |
| Catalan | hel·lèbor negre |
| Czech | čemeřice černá |
| Welsh | pelydr du |
| Welsh | hydyf du |
| Danish | almindelig julerose |
| German | schneerose |
| German | weihnachtsrose |
| German | schwarze nieswurz |
| German | christrose |
| Esperanto | nigra heleboro |
| Estonian | must lumeroos |
| Persian | خربق سیاه |
| Finnish | vaaleajouluruusu |
| French | hellébore noir |
| French | rose de noel |
| French | rose de noël |
| French | roses de noël |
| Manx | blaa nollick |
| Manx | blaa ny nollick |
| Hindi | कटुकी |
| Croatian | velecvjetni kukurijek |
| Upper Sorbian | Čorna čemjerca |
| Upper Sorbian | bože nócne zelo |
| Upper Sorbian | Čorna porskawa |
| Upper Sorbian | Čorny porskaty korjeń |
| Upper Sorbian | hodowne zelo |
| Upper Sorbian | hodownička |
| Upper Sorbian | patoržične zelo |
| Hungarian | fekete hunyor |
| Italian | elleboro nero |
| Japanese | フユボタン |
| Japanese | クリスマスローズ |
| Cornish | kraban an ors du |
| Macedonian | црн кукурек |
| Malayalam | ഹെല്ലെബോറസ് നൈഗർ |
| Norwegian Bokmål | kvit julerose |
| Norwegian Bokmål | hvit julerose |
| Norwegian Bokmål | julerose |
| Dutch | kerstroos |
| Polish | róża bożego narodzenia |
| Polish | ciemiernik biały |
| Russian | Зимовник чёрный |
| Russian | Рождественская роза |
| Russian | Христова роза |
| Russian | Морозник чёрный |
| sd | ڪٽڪي |
| Serbo-Croatian | velecvjetni kukurijek |
| Slovak | čemerica čierna |
| Slovak | Čemerica čierna |
| Slovenian | Črni teloh |
| Serbian | helleborus niger subsp. macranthus |
| Serbian | Кукурек црни |
| Serbian | Кукурек божичњак |
| Serbian | helleborus niger subsp. niger |
| Serbian | helleborus niger niger |
| Serbian | helleborus niger macranthus |
| Serbian | Црни кукурек |
| Swedish | julros |
| Swedish | julros (växt) |
| Turkish | noel gülü |
| Ukrainian | Різдвяна троянда |
| Ukrainian | Чорний чемерник |
| Chinese | 黑根鐵筷子 |
| Chinese | 聖誕玫瑰 |
| Chinese | 暗叶铁筷子 |
| Chinese | 嚏根草 |
Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Helleborus niger subsp. macranthus | (Freyn) Schiffn. | Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 11: 105. 1889 (1889) |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Alternate between 20°C and 4°C for 3 months each, across multiple cycles, acknowledging that germination may be prolonged. |
| Requires Soaking: These seeds need to be soaked in warm water until they swell, which can take 24-48 hours. Seeds that float are usually not viable and should be discarded, along with the soaking water. |
| Sow seeds immediately as their viability decreases rapidly, or they best germinate when fresh. If stored, seeds might need temperature cycling and patience to germinate. |
| dry storage impairs germination |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Europe click to expand
-
Middle Europe
- Austria
- Czechoslovakia
- Germany
- Switzerland
-
Northern Europe
- Sweden
-
Southeastern Europe
- Italy
- Yugoslavia
-
Southwestern Europe
- France
-
Middle Europe
-
Northern America click to expand
-
Northeastern U.S.A.
- New York
-
Northeastern U.S.A.
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000719181 |
| UNII | H0NO2VNJ61 |
| Canadensys | 28715 |
| USDA Plants | HENI6 |
| Tropicos | 27101799 |
| INPN | 101196 |
| Flora of Italy | 991 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:711348-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2844780 |
| Plantarium | 18477 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 286220 |
| PFAF | Helleborus niger |
| Open Tree Of Life | 648057 |
| Observations.org | 135627 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 171896 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0000005411 |
| Nature Serve | 2.132455 |
| IPNI | 711348-1 |
| iNaturalist | 55841 |
| GBIF | 3033107 |
| Freebase | /m/03gqlsv |
| EPPO | HLLNI |
| EOL | 469327 |
| Elurikkus | 216066 |
| USDA GRIN | 18834 |
| Wikipedia | Helleborus_niger |
| CMAUP | NPO25809 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Aporphines | |||||
| Corytuberine | 160500 | Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=C3C(=C(C=C4)OC)O)O)OC | 327.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1135/CCCC19870804 |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Acetophenones | |||||
| d-Usnic acid | 478125 | Click to see CC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1O)C3(C(=CC(=C(C3=O)C(=O)C)O)O2)C)C(=O)C)O | 344.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / p-Hydroxybenzoic acid esters / p-Hydroxybenzoic acid alkyl esters | |||||
| Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate | 78435 | Click to see CC1=CC(=C(C(=C1C(=O)OC)O)C)O | 196.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate | 76658 | Click to see CC1=CC(=CC(=C1C(=O)OC)O)O | 182.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl 3-formyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate | 591773 | Click to see CC1=CC(=C(C(=C1C(=O)OC)O)C=O)O | 210.18 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid lactones / Bufanolides and derivatives | |||||
| 19-Oxo-3-beta,5,14-trihydroxy-5-beta-bufa-20,22-dienolide-3-acetate | 632395 | Click to see CC(=O)OC1CCC2(C3CCC4(C(CCC4(C3CCC2(C1)O)O)C5=COC(=O)C=C5)C)C=O | 458.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Hellebrigenin 3-O-glucosylrhamnoside | 10439890 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=COC(=O)C=C6)C)C=O)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O | 724.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Peptidomimetics / Depsipeptides / Cyclic depsipeptides | |||||
| Stereocalpin A | 24777590 | Click to see CCCC1C(C(=O)C(C(=O)NC(C(=O)N(C(C(=O)O1)CC2=CC=CC=C2)C)CC3=CC=CC=C3)C)C | 492.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Phenylketones / Alkyl-phenylketones | |||||
| 1-(2,6-Dihydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methylphenyl)ethanone | 14602300 | Click to see CC1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)C(=O)C)O)OC | 196.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Ethers / Diarylethers | |||||
| (17S)-13,17-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-7,12-dimethyl-9,15-dioxo-2,10,16-trioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.03,8.014,18]octadeca-1(11),3(8),4,6,12,14(18)-hexaene-4-carbaldehyde | 1711964 | Click to see CC1=CC(=C(C2=C1C(=O)OC3=C(O2)C4=C(C(=C3C)O)C(=O)OC4O)C=O)OC | 386.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyranodioxins | |||||
| (2S,4aS,6R,7R,8S,8aR)-7,8-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)spiro[3,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[2,3-b][1,4]dioxine-2,5'-oxolane]-2'-one | 162962212 | Click to see C1CC2(COC3C(O2)C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)OC1=O | 276.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099380 |
| 7,8-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)spiro[3,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[2,3-b][1,4]dioxine-2,5'-oxolane]-2'-one | 102059857 | Click to see C1CC2(COC3C(O2)C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)OC1=O | 276.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099380 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives | |||||
| [(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 6325338 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)OC2C(OC(C(C2OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)OCC(C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)CO)O)O | 656.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Depsides and depsidones | |||||
| Atranorin | 68066 | Click to see CC1=CC(=C(C(=C1C(=O)OC2=C(C(=C(C(=C2)C)C(=O)OC)O)C)O)C=O)O | 374.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Lobaric acid | 73157 | Click to see CCCCCC1=C(C(=CC2=C1OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C(=O)O2)C(=O)CCCC)OC)O)C(=O)O | 456.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |