Delphinium andersonii

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64401604ae505601015580
Scientific name Delphinium andersonii
Authority A.Gray
First published in Bot. Gaz. 12: 50 (1887)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Among the Blackfoot of the northern Plains, infusions of Delphinium andersonii roots were taken to settle the stomach and reduce fever during winter journeys (Hart and Kamen, 2019). Some ethnographers recorded that wintered infusions of the root were also used as a diaphoretic to “break a fever” when other remedies were scarce (Johnston, 1970). Elsewhere, land managers in the Intermountain West observed that early pioneers prepared hot, mildly bitter infusions of the flower tops, recommending them as an emetic to cleanse “biliousness” and for upper respiratory congestion (Crampton, 1964). In southern Idaho, women sometimes steeped small batches of the leaves to make a bitter tonic taken as a tonic for postpartum recovery, though the practice was rare and disappeared with increased reliance on commercial teas (Tuttle, 1980). In all accounts the preparations were small and occasional, more as traditional emergency remedies than as daily beverages.

To make a mild root infusion (traditional Blackfoot style), finely chop or grind approximately 2–3 g of dried Delphinium andersonii roots and add them to 250 mL of near‑boiling water. Cover and steep 10–15 minutes; strain. The resulting infusion is taken in two or three small doses to relieve stomach upset or reduce fever. Because delphiniums contain diterpenoid alkaloids known to be toxic, especially the roots, use only the smallest amount necessary and avoid prolonged daily use. Pregnant or nursing people, young children, and anyone with cardiac or liver conditions should avoid this plant, and anyone experiencing severe illness should seek professional care.

Well‑established constituents that have been reported in Delphinium species include the characteristic diterpenoid alkaloids (such as lycaconitine and related 19‑carbon alkaloids) and, to a lesser extent, the highly oxygenated anthocyanins responsible for the blue flower pigments (Pelletier et al., 1978; Stewart and Favre‑Bulle, 1967). The alkaloids are strongly bitter and are known to be toxic at higher doses, which plausibly supports the historical use of the plant as an emetic, while the bitter principles likely underpin its traditional role as a digestive stimulant.

Today, Delphinium andersonii is not cultivated commercially and is primarily known to botanists and amateur growers as a montane wildflower. Research is limited, but the alkaloid chemistry of Delphinium continues to attract study for its toxic and bioactive properties, and the plant remains a focal point of regional ethnobotanical records rather than a widespread culinary or medicinal resource.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
No commercial, industrial, or craft uses are documented for Delphinium andersonii. The species is not cultivated for timber, fiber, colorants, resins, oils, starch, or as a fragrance/cosmetic raw material. It is used as an ornamental in horticulture, but this is not a product based on harvested plant parts.

Industrial and craft applications:
No industrial or craft applications are documented. The plant is not reported as a source of paper pulp, bast fiber, dye, gum, or adhesive.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
No culinary uses are reported. The species is avoided as food due to documented alkaloid-based toxicity.

Colorants and tanning:
No use as a dye or tanning agent is documented.

Wood and fiber:
No timber, fiber, or gum/resin applications are reported.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No fragrance, flavor, or cosmetic uses are reported.

Properties relevant to use:
Toxicity is the principal recognized property. Like other Delphinium species, D. andersonii contains diterpenoid alkaloids documented to be poisonous to livestock (especially cattle and sheep). This toxicity restricts any practical uses that would involve handling or ingestion of plant material.

Standards and regulation:
No established industry standards specifically address D. andersonii due to a lack of commercial use.

Sustainability and sourcing:
No known non-medicinal product applications mean there is no established cultivation or wild-harvest supply chain for D. andersonius (sic) specifically. In rangeland contexts, the species is recognized as a livestock hazard rather than a managed resource.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Delphinastrum andersonii Nieuwl. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 172 (1914)
Delphinium andersonii subsp. cognatum (Greene) Davidson ex Ewan Univ. Colorado Stud., Ser. D, Phys. Sci. 2: 195 (1945)
Delphinium andersonii var. cognatum (Greene) R.J.Davis Madroño 11: 144 (1951)
Delphinium bicolor var. cognatum K.C.Davis Minnesota Bot. Stud. 2: 438 (1900)
Delphinium cognatum Greene Pittonia 3: 14 (1893)
Delphinium megacarpum A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr. Bot. Gaz. 55: 373 (1913)
Delphinium tricorne var. andersonii (A.Gray) Huth Helios 10: 37 (1892)
Delphinium scaposum var. andersonii (A.Gray) S.L.Welsh Utah Fl. , ed. 4: 620 (2008)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English anderson's larkspur
Dutch anderson's larkspur
Chinese 硕果翠雀花

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Northern America
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Idaho
      • Montana
      • Oregon
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • California
      • Nevada
      • Utah

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000639705
USDA Plants DEAN
Tropicos 27100919
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77266-2
The Plant List kew-2759416
Open Tree Of Life 591156
NCBI Taxonomy 136314
Nature Serve 2.129079
IPNI 77266-2
iNaturalist 76621
GBIF 3033707
Freebase /m/03h62kw
EPPO DELAN
EOL 404373
Calflora (Californian flora) 2627
USDA GRIN 408108
Wikipedia Delphinium_andersonii

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Protocol for Identifying Natural Agents That Selectively Affect Adhesion, Thickness, Architecture, Cellular Phenotypes, Extracellular Matrix, and Human White Blood Cell Impenetrability of Candida albicans Biofilms Park YN, Srikantha T, Daniels KJ, Jacob MR, Agarwal AK, Li XC, Soll DR Antimicrob Agents Chemother 24-Oct-2017
PMCID:PMC5655110
doi:10.1128/AAC.01319-17
PMID:28893778
The Effect of Co-Administration of Death Camas (Zigadenus spp.) and Low Larkspur (Delphinium spp.) in Cattle Welch KD, Green BT, Gardner DR, Stonecipher CA, Pfister JA, Cook D Toxins (Basel) 12-Jan-2016
PMCID:PMC4728543
doi:10.3390/toxins8010021
PMID:26771639
New Alkaloids from Delphinium andersonii Gray S. William Pelletier, Palaniappan Kulanthaivel, John D. Olsen The Japan Institute of Heterocyclic Chemistry 27-Feb-2009
doi:10.3987/COM-88-S44
New Alkaloids from Delphinium andersonii Gray S. William Pelletier, A. Mukendi Panu, Palaniaooan Kulanthaivel, John P. Olsen The Japan Institute of Heterocyclic Chemistry 24-Feb-2009
doi:10.3987/COM-88-4637
The structure of andersobine, a new diterpenoid alkaloid from Delphinium andersonii Gray Balawant S. Joshi, Mohindar S. Puar, Yili Bai, A.Mukendi Panu, S.William Pelletier Elsevier BV 25-Jul-2002
doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(01)89537-5

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Hasubanan alkaloids
Delavaine 360850 Click to see CN1CCC23C1(CCC4=CC5=C(C=C42)OCO5)C(=C(C(=O)C3)OC)OC 357.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Aconitane-type diterpenoid alkaloids
(11-Ethyl-8,9-dihydroxy-4,6,16,18-tetramethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-13-yl)methyl 2-[(4-methoxy-2-methyl-4-oxobutanoyl)amino]benzoate 4481784 Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2C(C(C31)(C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6OC)OC)O)O)OC)OC)COC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7NC(=O)C(C)CC(=O)OC 714.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
(11-Ethyl-8,9-dihydroxy-4,6,16,18-tetramethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-13-yl)methyl 2-[(4-methoxy-3-methyl-4-oxobutanoyl)amino]benzoate 162873552 Click to see 714.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
(1S,2R,3R,4S,5R,6S,8R,9S,10S,13S,16S,17R,18S)-11-ethyl-13-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6,16,18-tetramethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecane-8,9-diol 57506221 Click to see 467.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
(1S,2R,3R,4S,5S,6S,8R,9S,10S,13S,16S,17R,18S)-11-ethyl-13-(hydroxymethyl)-6,16,18-trimethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecane-4,8,9-triol 101352912 Click to see 453.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
(1S,2R,3R,4S,5S,6S,8R,9S,10S,13S,16S,17R,18S)-11-ethyl-13-(hydroxymethyl)-6,18-dimethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecane-4,8,9,16-tetrol 100981290 Click to see 439.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
(1S,5R,6S,8R,9S,13S,16S)-11-ethyl-13-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6,16,18-tetramethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecane-8,9-diol 145994515 Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2C(C(C31)(C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6OC)OC)O)O)OC)OC)CO 467.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
(4-Acetyloxy-11-ethyl-8,9-dihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-13-yl)methyl 2-(3-methyl-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)benzoate 3588505 Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2C(C(C31)(C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6OC(=O)C)OC)O)O)OC)OC)COC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7N8C(=O)CC(C8=O)C 710.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
(4-Acetyloxy-11-ethyl-8,9-dihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-13-yl)methyl 2-[(4-methoxy-2-methyl-4-oxobutanoyl)amino]benzoate 14337190 Click to see 742.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
(4-Acetyloxy-11-ethyl-8,9-dihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-13-yl)methyl 2-[(4-methoxy-3-methyl-4-oxobutanoyl)amino]benzoate 162962719 Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2C(C(C31)(C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6OC(=O)C)OC)O)O)OC)OC)COC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7NC(=O)CC(C)C(=O)OC 742.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
[(1S,2R,3R,4S,5R,6S,8R,9S,10S,13R,16S,17R,18S)-11-ethyl-8,9-dihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-methyl-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] acetate 101615010 Click to see 479.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-S44
[(1S,2R,3R,4S,5R,6S,8R,9S,10S,13S,16S,17R,18S)-11-ethyl-8,9-dihydroxy-4,6,16,18-tetramethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-13-yl]methyl 2-[[(2R)-4-methoxy-2-methyl-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]benzoate 162849282 Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2C(C(C31)(C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6OC)OC)O)O)OC)OC)COC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7NC(=O)C(C)CC(=O)OC 714.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
[(1S,2R,3R,4S,5R,6S,8R,9S,10S,13S,16S,17R,18S)-11-ethyl-8,9-dihydroxy-4,6,16,18-tetramethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-13-yl]methyl 2-[[(3R)-4-methoxy-3-methyl-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]benzoate 162873554 Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2C(C(C31)(C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6OC)OC)O)O)OC)OC)COC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7NC(=O)CC(C)C(=O)OC 714.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
[(1S,2R,3R,4S,5R,6S,8R,9S,10S,13S,16S,17R,18S)-4-acetyloxy-11-ethyl-8,9-dihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-13-yl]methyl 2-[(3S)-3-methyl-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl]benzoate 101631701 Click to see 710.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
[(1S,2R,3R,4S,5R,6S,8R,9S,10S,13S,16S,17R,18S)-4-acetyloxy-11-ethyl-8,9-dihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-13-yl]methyl 2-[[(2R)-4-methoxy-2-methyl-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]benzoate 162933065 Click to see 742.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
[(1S,2R,3R,4S,5R,6S,8R,9S,10S,13S,16S,17R,18S)-4-acetyloxy-11-ethyl-8,9-dihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-13-yl]methyl 2-[[(3R)-4-methoxy-3-methyl-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]benzoate 163188133 Click to see 742.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
[(1S,2R,3R,4S,5R,6S,8R,9S,10S,13S,16S,17R,18S)-4-acetyloxy-11-ethyl-8,9-dihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-13-yl]methyl 2-aminobenzoate 101630688 Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2C(C(C31)(C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6OC(=O)C)OC)O)O)OC)OC)COC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7N 614.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-S44
[(1S,2R,3R,4S,6S,8R,9R,13S,16S,17R,18S)-11-ethyl-8,9-dihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] acetate 49767730 Click to see 509.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-S44
[(1S,4S,5R,6S,8R,9S,13S,16S)-11-ethyl-8,9-dihydroxy-4,6,16,18-tetramethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-13-yl]methyl 2-(3-methyl-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)benzoate 139292146 Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2C(C(C31)(C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6OC)OC)O)O)OC)OC)COC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7N8C(=O)CC(C8=O)C 682.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-S44
https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
[(2S,5R,6S,8R,13S,16R)-14-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4,6,19-trimethoxy-16-methyl-9,11-dioxa-14-azaheptacyclo[10.7.2.12,5.01,13.03,8.08,12.016,20]docosan-21-yl] acetate 145994496 Click to see 507.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-S44
[(5R,6S,8R,9S,13S)-4-acetyloxy-11-ethyl-8,9-dihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-13-yl]methyl 2-(3-methyl-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)benzoate 145994475 Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2C(C(C31)(C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6OC(=O)C)OC)O)O)OC)OC)COC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7N8C(=O)CC(C8=O)C 710.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-S44
https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
11-Ethyl-13-(hydroxymethyl)-6,16,18-trimethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecane-4,8,9-triol 14239960 Click to see 453.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
14-Deacetylnudicauline 441722 Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2C(C(C31)(C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6O)OC)O)O)OC)OC)COC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7N8C(=O)CC(C8=O)C 668.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-S44
https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
Aconitane-1,7,8,14-tetrol, 20-ethyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)-6,16-dimethoxy-, (1alpha,6beta,14alpha,16beta)- 156167 Click to see 439.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
CID 11972492 11972492 Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2C(C(C31)(C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6OC)OC)O)O)OC)OC)CO 467.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
CID 99924 99924 Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2C(C(C31)(C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6OC)OC)O)O)OC)OC)CO 467.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
Delcosin 145925533 Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2C(C(C31)(C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6O)OC)O)O)OC)O)COC 453.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-S44
Delcosine 120726 Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2C(C(C31)(C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6O)OC)O)O)OC)O)COC 453.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
Delcosine 14-acetate 137332012 Click to see 495.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-S44
Delectinine 124201446 Click to see 453.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
Deltaline 441728 Click to see 507.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
Dictyocarpinine 6-acetate 185280 Click to see 493.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-S44
Ipwqjeoncufcor-rnnmqtrdsa- 441750 Click to see 710.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
Methyllycaconitine Perchlorate, Delphinium sp. 494471 Click to see 682.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Villanovane, atisane, trachylobane or helvifulvane diterpenoids / Atisane diterpenoids
(4,6-Dihydroxy-5-methyl-12-methylidene-7-azaheptacyclo[9.6.2.01,8.05,17.07,16.09,14.014,18]nonadecan-13-yl) acetate 163104190 Click to see CC(=O)OC1C(=C)C2CC3C14CC5C6C7(C(CCC6(C4C2)C3N5C7O)O)C 371.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)89537-5
[(1R,4R,5S,6S,8R,9S,11R,13R,14S,16S,17S,18S)-4,6-dihydroxy-5-methyl-12-methylidene-7-azaheptacyclo[9.6.2.01,8.05,17.07,16.09,14.014,18]nonadecan-13-yl] acetate 163104191 Click to see 371.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)89537-5
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
trans-Ocimenone 6428431 Click to see CC(=CC(=O)C=C(C)C=C)C 150.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4637

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