Piper hongkongense
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64404acdc82a7885338261 |
| Scientific name | Piper hongkongense |
| Authority | C.DC. |
| First published in | Prodr. 16(1): 347 (1869) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Industrial and craft applications:
- The species serves as a reference taxon in systematic and evolutionary research of the Piperaceae. Whole‑plant and leaf tissue have been sequenced for genomic projects, with assemblies deposited in public databases such as NCBI GenBank and the Piperaceae Genome Portal.
- The plant is included in community bioinformatics resources (e.g., GBIF, Tree of Life) where it provides taxonomic and genetic data for phylogenetic reconstruction, marker development, and comparative genomics.
- The leaf essential oil is employed as a reference material for calibrating gas‑chromatography–mass‑spectrometry (GC‑MS) methods targeting sesquiterpene profiling in fragrance laboratories, supporting quality‑control procedures for essential‑oil producers.
- Seasonal studies have documented oil yields ranging from 0.2 to 0.6 % (w/w) depending on harvest month, providing data for optimizing extraction schedules.
- The dried leaf material is supplied to phytochemical reference libraries (e.g., the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Plant DNA Bank) as a voucher specimen for repeatable analyses.
- The essential oil is incorporated into fragrance libraries maintained by major aroma chemistry institutes, providing a benchmark for sesquiterpene identification.
Properties relevant to use:
- Hydrodistillation of dried leaves yields 0.3–0.5 % (v/w) of essential oil.
- The oil is dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, especially β‑caryophyllene (≈30 % of total oil) and α‑humulene (≈10 %); monoterpenes such as β‑pinene (≈8 %) and α‑pinene (≈5 %) constitute the remaining fraction.
- Physical parameters of the oil at 20 °C: density ≈0.92 g mL⁻¹, refractive index ≈1.498, optical rotation –1.5°, with a characteristic woody aroma.
- The high β‑caryophyllene content and low oxygenated component give the oil a stable, persistent scent profile, making it suitable for use as a base note in perfume compositions and as a natural fragrance additive in cosmetic formulations.
- The oil’s refractive index (n_D²⁰ = 1.498) and specific gravity (0.92) fall within typical ranges for sesquiterpene‑rich essential oils, enabling straightforward integration into standard perfume formulation protocols.
- Chemical fingerprint data, documented in peer‑reviewed phytochemical analyses, are utilized in chemo‑systematic studies to differentiate species within the genus Piper.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Macropiper puberulum | Benth. | London J. Bot. 2: 235 (1843) |
| Piper gibbsiae | C.DC. | J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 39: 163 (1909) |
| Piper erectispicum | C.DC. | J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 39: 163 (1909) |
| Chavica puberula | Benth. | Fl. Hongk. : 335 (1861) |
| Piper glabrum | Mill. | Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 12 (1768) |
| Piper puberulum | (Benth.) Maxim. | Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg , sér. 3, 31: 94 (1886) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Chinese | 毛蒟 |
| Chinese | 毛蒌 |
| Chinese | 毛蒴 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China Southeast
- Hainan
-
China
-
Pacific click to expand
-
South-central Pacific
- Tubuai Islands
-
Southwestern Pacific
- Fiji
- Niue
- Samoa
- Tonga
- Wallis-Futuna Islands
-
South-central Pacific
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0001094073 |
| INPN | 455699 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:682955-1 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 756214 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 511550 |
| IPNI | 682955-1 |
| GBIF | 4185006 |
| Tropicos | 25004065 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:681687-1 |
| The Plant List | tro-25004065 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 531002 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 405329 |
| IPNI | 681687-1 |
| iNaturalist | 707253 |
| GBIF | 4185956 |
| CMAUP | NPO18682 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Aristolactams | |||||
| 2-Hydroxy-1,5-dimethoxydibenzo[cd,f]indol-4(5H)-one | 622222 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C3=C1C4=CC=CC=C4C=C3N(C2=O)OC)O | 295.29 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00585-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2012.12.001 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0505521 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2003-37041 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2003-37040 |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Methoxybenzenes / Dimethoxybenzenes | |||||
| puberulin A | 10092387 | Click to see | 400.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50118A009 |
| > Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols | |||||
| Piperbetol | 10385474 | Click to see CC1C(C2C(C1(C=C(C2=O)OC)CC=C)OC(=O)C)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)OC | 386.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50118A009 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids | |||||
| Wallichinine | 5315280 | Click to see | 370.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17R)-17-[(4E)-6-hydroxy-6-methylhepta-1,4-dien-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 9955042 | Click to see | 442.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Diosgenin | 99474 | Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)C)C)OC1 | 414.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Yamogenin | 441900 | Click to see | 414.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins | |||||
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-[(1S,2S,3'S,4S,5'R,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-3'-hydroxy-5'-(hydroxymethyl)-7,9,13-trimethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | 102155845 | Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)C)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)C)C)OC19C(CC(CO9)CO)O | 901.00 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-[(1S,2S,3'S,4S,5'S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-3'-hydroxy-5'-(hydroxymethyl)-7,9,13-trimethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | 102155844 | Click to see | 901.00 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | 16204183 | Click to see | 1015.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | 21603983 | Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1 | 869.00 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | 16204068 | Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1 | 869.00 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3beta,25S)-Spirost-5-en-3-yl 2-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside | 441901 | Click to see | 722.90 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3-O-[alpha-L-ramnopyranosyl(1 to 2)]-O-[alpha-L-ramnopyranosyl(1 to 4)]-O-beta-D-galactopyranosid(1)]-(25S)-spirost-5-ene-3beta-ol | 10653210 | Click to see | 869.00 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Asperin | 21603986 | Click to see | 1015.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| CID 16204180 | 16204180 | Click to see | 722.90 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| CID 16204181 | 16204181 | Click to see | 869.00 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Dioscin | 119245 | Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1 | 869.00 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methylprotodioscin | 11263254 | Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)C)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)OC | 1063.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Progenin II | 44429638 | Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1 | 722.90 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Prosapogenin A | 11061578 | Click to see | 722.90 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Protodioscin | 441891 | Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)C)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O | 1049.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Pseudoprotodioscin | 21637110 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)C)O)O)O)OC4CCC5(C6CCC7(C(C6CC=C5C4)CC8C7C(=C(O8)CCC(C)COC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C)CO)O)O)O | 1031.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Trigonelloside C | 441899 | Click to see | 1049.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Trillin | 11827970 | Click to see | 576.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| (-)-beta-Sitosterol | 222284 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Sitogluside | 5742590 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C | 576.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds | |||||
| 4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-alpha-D-mannopyranose | 5288769 | Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O | 342.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Gal(a1-6)a-Man | 11724912 | Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 342.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides | |||||
| beta-D-Manp-(1->4)-beta-D-Manp-(1->4)-beta-D-Manp | 5287808 | Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OC3C(OC(C(C3O)O)O)CO)CO)O)O)O)O | 504.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzodioxoles | |||||
| Piperine S | 12985527 | Click to see | 315.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00585-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2012.12.001 |
| puberulin B | 10452595 | Click to see CC1C(C2C(C1(C=C(C2=O)CC=C)OC)OC(=O)C)C3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4 | 384.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50118A009 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Piperlongumine | 637858 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)C=CC(=O)N2CCC=CC2=O | 317.34 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00585-7 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |