Aristolochia triangularis
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64400ab391d78761928820 |
| Scientific name | Aristolochia triangularis |
| Authority | Cham. |
| First published in | Linnaea 7: 209 (1832) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
No commercial products derived from Aristolochia triangularis have been documented. The species is not cultivated for timber, fiber, food, or any other material use. It remains primarily a wild plant with no established market.
Industrial and craft applications:
There are no known industrial or craft uses. The plant serves solely as a source of raw material for scientific research; dried aerial parts are extracted to obtain aristolochic acids (AA I and AA II). These compounds are employed as reference standards for toxicology studies, DNA adduct formation assays, and for the authenticity testing of herbal products containing aristolochic acids.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
No food or beverage applications are reported. The presence of toxic aristolochic acids precludes any edible use of the plant or its parts.
Properties relevant to use:
Aristolochia triangularis contains aristolochic acids AA I and AA II, which can be quantified by HPLC with UV detection at 254 nm. The presence of these lipophilic, stable compounds enables their use as analytical reference standards, given their defined chemical identity. Concentrations vary with plant part (leaves, stems, roots) and geographic origin, but the compounds remain the primary chemical markers used in toxicology research and authenticity testing of herbal products.
Standards and regulation:
Aristolochic acids are subject to regulatory limits in many jurisdictions as contaminants in dietary supplements and herbal products (e.g., United States FDA, European Union EFSA). The European Pharmacopoeia includes monographs for aristolochic acids, specifying purity requirements for reference materials. Although no product‑specific standard exists for A. triangularis, research‑grade extracts must comply with general chemical reference‑material standards (e.g., ISO 17025 for analytical purity).
Sustainability and sourcing:
The species occurs in wild populations across its native Andean range. No large‑scale cultivation exists, and research collections are generally small. Field surveys suggest that populations are not currently considered threatened; however, sustainable harvesting practices—such as limiting collection to non‑protected areas, avoiding over‑harvesting, and monitoring population status—are recommended to ensure continued availability.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Aristolochia antihysterica | Mart. ex Duch. | Prodr. 15(1): 477 (1864) |
| Aristolochia paraguariensis | D.Parodi | Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 5: 156 (1878) |
| Aristolochia salpinx | Mast. | Gard. Chron. , n.s., 26: 456 (1886) |
| Aristolochia sellowiana | Duch. | Prodr. 15(1): 458 (1864) |
| Aristolochia triangularis f. minor | Chodat & Hassl. | Bull. Herb. Boissier , sér. 2, 3: 788 (1903) |
| Aristolochia triangularis var. salpinx | Hauman | Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 32: 332 (1923) |
| Howardia sellowiana | Klotzsch | Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 616 (1859) |
| Howardia triangularis | Klotzsch | Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 620 (1859) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Portuguese | mil-homens-do-rio-grande |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Southern America click to expand
-
Brazil
- Brazil North
- Brazil South
- Brazil Southeast
- Brazil West-central
-
Southern South America
- Argentina Northeast
- Paraguay
- Uruguay
-
Western South America
- Bolivia
-
Brazil
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000548415 |
| Tropicos | 2500138 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:93402-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2651973 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 603714 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 158574 |
| IPNI | 93402-1 |
| GBIF | 7313743 |
| CMAUP | NPO20173 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Camptothecins | |||||
| 9-Methoxycamptothecin | 123617 | Click to see | 378.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Camptothecin | 24360 | Click to see | 348.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Phenol ethers / Anisoles | |||||
| (6R,7aS)-7a-(2-methoxy-4-prop-2-enylphenoxy)-6-prop-2-enyl-6,7-dihydro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-one | 11501047 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)CC=C)OC23CC(C(=O)C=C2OCO3)CC=C | 342.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans / Tetrahydrofuran lignans / 7,7-epoxylignans | |||||
| (+)-Galbacin | 442873 | Click to see | 340.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans / Tetrahydrofuran lignans / 9,9-epoxylignans / Dibenzylbutyrolactols | |||||
| (2S,3R,4R)-3,4-Bis(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanol | 117443 | Click to see | 356.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85139-7 |
| rac-Cubebin | 14137603 | Click to see | 356.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans / Tetrahydrofuran lignans / 9,9-epoxylignans / Dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans | |||||
| 2(3H)-Furanone, 3,4-bis(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)dihydro-, (3S,4S)- | 11002708 | Click to see | 354.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3,4-Bis(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 327062 | Click to see | 354.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85139-7 |
| Hinokinin | 442879 | Click to see C1C(C(C(=O)O1)CC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3)CC4=CC5=C(C=C4)OCO5 | 354.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85139-7 |
| Nortrachelogenin | 394846 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)CC2COC(=O)C2(CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)OC)O)O | 374.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Kaurane diterpenoids | |||||
| (1S,4R,9R,10R,13R,14S)-5,5,9-trimethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-14-carboxylic acid | 101879007 | Click to see | 304.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85139-7 |
| (1S,4S,9S,10S,13S,14R)-5,5,9,14-tetramethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane | 9548699 | Click to see CC1CC23CCC4C(CCCC4(C2CCC1C3)C)(C)C | 274.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(1R,4R,9R,10S,13R,14R,16R)-5,5,9-trimethyl-15-oxapentacyclo[11.3.1.01,10.04,9.014,16]heptadecan-14-yl]methanol | 163043375 | Click to see | 304.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85139-7 |
| 5,5,9-Trimethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-14-carboxylic acid | 14335951 | Click to see | 304.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85139-7 |
| 5,5,9,14-Tetramethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane | 5232068 | Click to see | 274.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85139-7 |
| Ent-Kaurane | 65390 | Click to see | 274.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85139-7 |
| Ent-Kaurene | 11966109 | Click to see | 272.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85139-7 |
| Kaur-15-en-17-ol | 3082069 | Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)C(=C4)CO)C)C | 288.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85139-7 |
| Kauran-16,17-diol | 13816761 | Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)C(C4)(CO)O)C)C | 306.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85139-7 |
| Kaurane-16,17-diol | 13816758 | Click to see | 306.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85139-7 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| (3R,6E)-Nerolidol | 11241545 | Click to see | 222.37 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85139-7 |
| 1,6,10-Dodecatrien-3-ol, 3,7,11-trimethyl- | 8888 | Click to see | 222.37 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85139-7 |
| 3-[(3S,3aS,5aR,6S,7R,9R,9aR)-9-[(Z,2R)-2-hydroxy-3-methylpent-3-enoyl]oxy-7-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-3a,6,9a-trimethyl-3-[(3S,5S)-5-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)oxolan-3-yl]-2,3,4,5,5a,7,8,9-octahydrocyclopenta[a]naphthalen-6-yl]propanoic acid | 163106434 | Click to see CC=C(C)C(C(=O)OC1CC(C(C2C1(C3=CCC(C3(CC2)C)C4CC(OC4)C=C(C)C)C)(C)CCC(=O)O)C(C)(C)O)O | 600.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85139-7 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| 17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 86821 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85139-7 |
| Lawsaritol | 14890646 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Stigmast-4-en-3-one | 5484202 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)C)C(C)C | 412.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Stigmast-5-en-3-ol | 22012 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85139-7 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Organic sulfuric acids and derivatives / Organic sulfuric acids | |||||
| hydrogen sulfate;[N'-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)carbamimidoyl]azanium | 71669596 | Click to see | 225.27 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic nitrogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Guanidines | |||||
| N-(3-Methyl-2-buten-1-yl)guanidine | 10983 | Click to see | 127.19 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Azoles / Imidazoles | |||||
| Allantoin | 204 | Click to see C1(C(=O)NC(=O)N1)NC(=O)N | 158.12 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85139-7 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Azolidines / Imidazolidines / Hydantoins / Allantoins | |||||
| (S)-(+)-allantoin | 439714 | Click to see | 158.12 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85139-7 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzodioxoles | |||||
| Didymochlaenone B | 11617367 | Click to see C=CCC1CC2(C(=CC1=O)OCO2)OC3=CC4=C(C=C3CC=C)OCO4 | 356.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes | |||||
| Pinosylvin methyl ether | 5281719 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1)O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2 | 226.27 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |