Elaeocarpus angustifolius
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64401909e91b1572025530 |
| Scientific name | Elaeocarpus angustifolius |
| Authority | Blume |
| First published in | Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. : 120 (1825) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Elaeocarpus angustifolius, commonly called Rudraksha, is a large evergreen tree with hard, bead‑like seeds that are well known across South and Southeast Asia. Traditional healers and householders most often work with the seeds rather than the leaves or bark. In Ayurvedic practice and in Sri Lankan and Javanese folk medicine, the seeds have long been used to brew mild teas and decoctions for calming the nerves and easing headache (Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India; Jayaweera, 1982; Heyne, 1950). In parts of Java, powdered seed has also been applied topically as a poultice on the forehead to reduce head pain (Heyne, 1950). A 1:5 tincture made with the powdered seed is described in Indian Pharmacopoeial compendia for nervous agitation and allied conditions (Indian Pharmacopoeia; Khare, 2007).
A practical preparation that reflects these traditions is a simple seed infusion. Rinse 3–4 clean whole seeds, crack each gently with a hammer, and simmer in 250 ml of water for 15–20 minutes. Strain and drink no more than half a cup, 1–2 times daily for up to two weeks. For tincture making, weigh 20 g of powdered seeds and macerate in 100 ml of 45–60% ethanol, shaking daily for 4–6 weeks, then filter; a typical adult dose is 2–4 ml up to twice daily. Seeds are hard and inedible; do not grind them to a fine powder for direct ingestion, and do not exceed the suggested doses. Do not use during pregnancy or while nursing unless under professional guidance. Known constituents include elaeocarpine and related tropane alkaloids, ellagic acid, flavonoids, and saponins (Chopra et al., 1956; Rahman & Khatun, 2017), compounds with documented central nervous system activity that plausibly underpin the traditional calming and headache‑relieving uses.
CommercialRudraksha beads are widely available as jewelry and prayer counters, and the seeds also appear in modern phytochemical research programs investigating antioxidant, anxiolytic, and analgesic activities, while traditional teas and tinctures remain in use among practitioners and lay users in India, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
Timber (sawn wood, veneer, furniture wood).
Industrial and craft applications:
Furniture making and general construction.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Fruit pulp occasionally processed into jams or chutneys; not widely commercialized.
Colorants and tanning:
No specific documented uses identified.
Wood and fiber:
Light to medium-weight hardwood (specific gravity ~0.55–0.65) with fine to medium texture and generally straight grain, sometimes interlocked. Properties favor furniture, paneling, general carpentry, and interior joinery where moderate strength and good finishing are required. Resists splitting when properly seasoned.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
No documented use.
Properties relevant to use:
Wood density conducive to machine-planing and finishing. Natural durability moderate when sapwood is protected or properly treated; heartwood displays increased resistance to decay fungi.
Standards and regulation:
Timber traded under general hardwood classifications; national grading rules (e.g., AS/NZS 2878 for Australian timbers where relevant) apply to moisture content, stress grades, and durability classifications.
Sustainability and sourcing:
Occurs naturally in tropical and subtropical forests of Australasia and Southeast Asia. Population status varies regionally. Harvesting typically occurs from secondary forests or degraded sites where regeneration potential is moderate. CITES listings and national forestry regulations govern trade and harvesting practices.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Elaeocarpus baclayanensis | Elmer | Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 4: 1188 (1911) |
| Elaeocarpus crenatus | (Raf.) Merr. | J. Arnold Arbor. 29: 212 (1948) |
| Elaeocarpus cyanocarpus | Maingay ex Mast. | Fl. Brit. India 1: 406 (1874) |
| Elaeocarpus dolichopetalus | Merr. | Philipp. J. Sci., C 9: 372 (1914) |
| Elaeocarpus drymophilus | Domin | Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 374 (1927) |
| Elaeocarpus fauroensis | Hemsl. | Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1896: 159 (1896) |
| Elaeocarpus ganitrus | Roxb. ex G.Don | Gen. Hist. 1: 559 (1831) |
| Elaeocarpus hebridarum | R.Knuth | Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 84 (1941) |
| Elaeocarpus maior | R.Knuth | Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 85 (1941) |
| Elaeocarpus muellerianus | Schltr. | Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54: 144 (1916) |
| Elaeocarpus novoguineensis | Warb. | Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee , Nachtr.: 314 (1905) |
| Elaeocarpus parkinsonii | Warb. | Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 13: 377 (1891) |
| Elaeocarpus polyschistus | Schltr. | Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 92: 28 (1908) |
| Elaeocarpus sphaericus | (Gaertn.) K.Schum. | Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 47(Abth. 1): 140. 1883 [6-13 Oct 1883 (pre-print date)] ; alt. publ.: Beitr. Tertiärfl. Austral. 40. 6-13 Oct 1883 |
| Elaeocarpus subglobosus | Merr. | Philipp. J. Sci., C 4: 290 (1909) |
| Elaeocarpus wenzelii | Merr. | Philipp. J. Sci., C 9: 371 (1914) |
| Ganitrus sphaerica | Gaertn. | Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 271 (1791) |
| Ayparia crenata | Raf. | Sylva Tellur. : 154 (1838) |
| Elaeocarpus christophersenii | A.C.Sm. | Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 30: 531 (1953) |
| Elaeocarpus sphaericus var. major | Hochr. | Exsicc. (Pl. Bogor.) 1904: n.° 51 (1904) |
| Aceratium ganitrum | (Roxb. ex G.Don) Bosse | Vollst. Handb. Bl.-Gärtn. , ed. 2, 4: 12 (1849) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Arabic | العنب الأسترالي |
| Arabic | العنب البحري |
| Arabic | عنب بحري |
| Arabic | عنب أسترالي |
| ban | ganitri |
| Bulgarian | теснолист елеокарпус |
| Persian | انجیر آبی |
| French | cerisier bleu |
| French | elaeocarpus sphaericus |
| French | elaeocarpus ganitrus |
| Indonesian | ganitri |
| Italian | elaeocarpus ganitrus |
| Kannada | ರುದ್ರಾಕ್ಷಿ |
| Polish | mala wąskolistna |
| Russian | Голубой квандонг |
| Russian | Голубое мраморное дерево |
| Russian | Голубая фига |
| Ukrainian | Блакитний квандонг |
| Chinese | 圆果杜英 |
| Chinese | 狭叶杜英 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China South-central
- China Southeast
- Hainan
-
China
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- Assam
- Bangladesh
- East Himalaya
- India
- Nepal
-
Indo-China
- Cambodia
- Myanmar
- Thailand
- Vietnam
-
Malesia
- Borneo
- Jawa
- Lesser Sunda Islands
- Malaya
- Maluku
- Philippines
- Sulawesi
- Sumatera
-
Papuasia
- Bismarck Archipelago
- New Guinea
- Solomon Islands
-
Indian Subcontinent
-
Australasia click to expand
-
Australia
- Northern Territory
- Queensland
-
Australia
-
Pacific click to expand
-
North-central Pacific
- Hawaii
-
Southwestern Pacific
- Fiji
- New Caledonia
- Samoa
- Santa Cruz Island
- Vanuatu
- Wallis-Futuna Islands
-
North-central Pacific
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000664024 |
| INPN | 629600 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:833771-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2785314 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 367704 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 184418 |
| IUCN Red List | 145371284 |
| IPNI | 833771-1 |
| iNaturalist | 122295 |
| GBIF | 4031686 |
| Freebase | /m/03m86pk |
| EOL | 2885752 |
| USDA GRIN | 14940 |
| Wikipedia | Elaeocarpus_angustifolius |
| Tropicos | 100329251 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:324034-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2785417 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 6106956 |
| IPNI | 324034-1 |
| GBIF | 4030917 |
| EOL | 5407748 |
| CMAUP | NPO21442 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Amaryllidaceae alkaloids / Crinine- and Haemanthamine-type amaryllidaceae alkaloids | |||||
| (+)-Vittatine | 443693 | Click to see | 271.31 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1R,13R,15S,18R)-15-methoxy-5,7-dioxa-12-azapentacyclo[10.5.2.01,13.02,10.04,8]nonadeca-2,4(8),9,16-tetraen-18-ol | 40469675 | Click to see | 301.34 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1R,13S,15R)-5,7-dioxa-12-azapentacyclo[10.5.2.01,13.02,10.04,8]nonadeca-2,4(8),9,16-tetraen-15-ol | 12304132 | Click to see | 271.31 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S,11S,13S,15R,18R)-15-methoxy-5,7-dioxa-12-azapentacyclo[10.5.2.01,13.02,10.04,8]nonadeca-2,4(8),9,16-tetraene-11,18-diol | 101297739 | Click to see COC1CC2C3(C=C1)C(CN2C(C4=CC5=C(C=C34)OCO5)O)O | 317.34 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S,13R,15R,18S)-15-methoxy-5,7-dioxa-12-azapentacyclo[10.5.2.01,13.02,10.04,8]nonadeca-2,4(8),9,16-tetraen-18-ol | 42579248 | Click to see | 301.34 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(1S,13R,15R)-5,7-dioxa-12-azapentacyclo[10.5.2.01,13.02,10.04,8]nonadeca-2,4(8),9,16-tetraen-15-yl] acetate | 101935954 | Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C3(CCN2CC4=CC5=C(C=C43)OCO5)C=C1 | 313.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3-O-Acetylhamayne | 443671 | Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C3(C=C1)C(CN2CC4=CC5=C(C=C34)OCO5)O | 329.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Crinamidine | 399204 | Click to see | 317.34 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Crinamine | 73620 | Click to see | 301.34 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| O-Demethylhaemanthamine | 44445844 | Click to see C1C(C=CC23C1N(CC2O)CC4=CC5=C(C=C34)OCO5)O | 287.31 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Amaryllidaceae alkaloids / Lycorine-type amaryllidaceae alkaloids | |||||
| Lycorine | 72378 | Click to see | 287.31 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Amaryllidaceae alkaloids / Tazettine-type amaryllidaceae alkaloids | |||||
| (1S,11S,13R,16S,18R)-11-ethoxy-18-methoxy-15-methyl-5,7,12-trioxa-15-azapentacyclo[11.7.0.01,16.02,10.04,8]icosa-2,4(8),9,19-tetraene | 15483834 | Click to see CCOC1C2=CC3=C(C=C2C45C=CC(CC4N(CC5O1)C)OC)OCO3 | 359.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Cyclic ketones / Cyclohexenones | |||||
| 6-(1,2,3,5,6,8a-Hexahydroindolizine-8-carbonyl)-5-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one | 56657227 | Click to see CC1CC=CC(=O)C1C(=O)C2=CCCN3C2CCC3 | 259.34 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060179C |
| Grandisine D | 16040172 | Click to see | 259.34 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060179C |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzodioxoles | |||||
| 6-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carbaldehyde | 15549895 | Click to see | 242.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Chromones | |||||
| (6aR,12aS,12bS)-11-methyl-1,2,3,5,6,6a,12a,12b-octahydrochromeno[2,3-g]indolizin-12-one | 10890552 | Click to see | 257.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9711679 |
| (6aR,12aS,12bS)-6a,11,12a,12b-tetramethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-chromeno[2,3-g]indolizin-12-one | 162964094 | Click to see | 299.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84309-5 |
| (6aS,12aS,12bS)-6a,11,12a,12b-tetramethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-chromeno[2,3-g]indolizin-12-one | 162964093 | Click to see | 299.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84309-5 |
| 11-Methyl-1,2,3,5,6,6a,12a,12b-octahydro-12H-(1)benzopyrano(2,3-g)indolizin-12-one | 280286 | Click to see | 257.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9711679 |
| 6a,11,12a,12b-tetramethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-chromeno[2,3-g]indolizin-12-one | 162964092 | Click to see CC1=C2C(=CC=C1)OC3(CCN4CCCC4(C3(C2=O)C)C)C | 299.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84309-5 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 2-benzopyrans | |||||
| N-Desmethyl-8alpha-ethoxypretazettine | 15483835 | Click to see CCOC1C2=CC3=C(C=C2C45C=CC(CC4NCC5O1)OC)OCO3 | 345.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| N-Desmethyl-8beta-ethoxypretazettine | 15483836 | Click to see CCOC1C2=CC3=C(C=C2C45C=CC(CC4NCC5O1)OC)OCO3 | 345.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indolizidines | |||||
| (-)-Isoelaeocarpiline | 44583898 | Click to see CC1CC=CC2=C1C(=O)C3C4CCCN4CCC3O2 | 259.34 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1021/JO048525N https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060179C |
| (1R,5R,7R,10S,11S)-5,7-dimethyl-2,6-dioxa-15-azatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadec-3(8)-en-9-one | 162870127 | Click to see | 277.36 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060179C |
| (1R,5R,7S,10S,11S)-5,7-dimethyl-2,6-dioxa-15-azatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadec-3(8)-en-9-one | 162870125 | Click to see | 277.36 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060179C |
| (1S,4S,8S,10R,17R)-4,8-dimethyl-3,9-dioxa-13-azatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.013,17]heptadec-2(7)-en-6-one | 163017039 | Click to see CC1CC(=O)C2=C(O1)C3C4CCCN4CCC3OC2C | 277.36 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JO048525N |
| (5S,6R)-6-[(8R,8aS)-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydroindolizine-8-carbonyl]-5-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one | 163105591 | Click to see | 261.36 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060179C |
| (6aR,9R,11R,12aR,12bR)-9-hydroxy-11-methyl-1,2,3,5,6,6a,8,9,10,11,12a,12b-dodecahydrochromeno[2,3-g]indolizin-12-one | 162937650 | Click to see CC1CC(CC2=C1C(=O)C3C4CCCN4CCC3O2)O | 277.36 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84309-5 |
| 11-Methyl-1,2,3,5,6,6a,10,11,12a,12b-decahydrochromeno[2,3-g]indolizin-12-one | 280287 | Click to see | 259.34 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060179C https://doi.org/10.1021/JO048525N |
| 4,8-Dimethyl-3,9-dioxa-13-azatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.013,17]heptadec-2(7)-en-6-one | 72978990 | Click to see CC1CC(=O)C2=C(O1)C3C4CCCN4CCC3OC2C | 277.36 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JO048525N |
| 5,7-Dimethyl-2,6-dioxa-15-azatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadec-3(8)-en-9-one | 73238320 | Click to see CC1CC2=C(C(O1)C)C(=O)C3C4CCCN4CCC3O2 | 277.36 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060179C |
| 9-Amino-11-methyl-1,2,3,5,6,6a,8,9,10,11,12a,12b-dodecahydrochromeno[2,3-g]indolizin-12-one | 73238322 | Click to see | 276.37 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060179C |
| 9-Hydroxy-11-methyl-1,2,3,5,6,6a,8,9,10,11,12a,12b-dodecahydrochromeno[2,3-g]indolizin-12-one | 73238319 | Click to see | 277.36 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84309-5 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060179C |
| Grandisine A | 11482807 | Click to see CC1CC(=O)C2=C(O1)C3C4CCCN4CCC3OC2C | 277.36 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060179C |
| Grandisine C | 16086540 | Click to see | 277.36 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060179C |
| Grandisine F | 16086543 | Click to see | 276.37 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060179C |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyridines and derivatives / Hydropyridines / Tetrahydropyridines | |||||
| (1S,4S,8S)-3-[(8aS)-1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydroindolizin-8-yl]-8-methyl-2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-en-5-one | 11402679 | Click to see | 258.36 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1021/JO048525N https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060179C |
| 3-(1,2,3,5,6,8a-Hexahydroindolizin-8-yl)-8-methyl-2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-en-5-one | 72833496 | Click to see | 258.36 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JO048525N |
| methyl 2-[(2S,4S)-6-[(8aR)-1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydroindolizin-8-yl]-4-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridin-2-yl]acetate | 162969423 | Click to see CC1CC(N=C(C1)C2=CCCN3C2CCC3)CC(=O)OC | 290.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060179C |
| Methyl 2-[6-(1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydroindolizin-8-yl)-4-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridin-2-yl]acetate | 56669538 | Click to see | 290.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060179C |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Benzoquinolines / Phenanthridines and derivatives | |||||
| (1S,13R)-9-methoxy-5,7-dioxa-12-azapentacyclo[10.5.2.01,13.02,10.04,8]nonadeca-2,4(8),9,14,16-pentaene | 21723147 | Click to see | 283.32 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 1-Epideacetylbowdensine | 443673 | Click to see | 319.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 7H-(1,3)Dioxolo(4,5-j)pyrrolo(3,2,1-de)phenanthridin-7-one | 100605 | Click to see | 263.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 7H-Pyrrolo(3,2,1-de)phenanthridin-7-one, 10-hydroxy-9-methoxy- | 5488695 | Click to see | 265.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Hippacine | 10015025 | Click to see | 251.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Pratorimine | 181937 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C3=CC=CC4=C3N(C2=O)C=C4)O | 265.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Tetrahydroisoquinolines / 4-phenyltetrahydroisoquinolines | |||||
| Cherylline | 90075 | Click to see | 285.34 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones | |||||
| Liquiritigenin | 114829 | Click to see | 256.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| 3',4'-Dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavan | 14157886 | Click to see COC1=CC2=C(CCC(O2)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)C=C1 | 272.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Guibourtinidol-7-methyl ether | 15549896 | Click to see COC1=CC2=C(CC(C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O)C=C1 | 272.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 8-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| (2S)-7-hydroxy-8-methoxy-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one | 15549894 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC2=C1OC(CC2=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)O | 270.28 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 2-Hydroxychalcones | |||||
| 1-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)Prop-2-En-1-One | 425 | Click to see | 256.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Cinnamylphenols | |||||
| 4-Hydroxy-2',4'-dimethoxydihydrochalcone | 15549893 | Click to see | 286.32 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |