Edgeworthia gardneri
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID644018f69aa83099074804 |
| Scientific name | Edgeworthia gardneri |
| Authority | (Wall.) Meisn. |
| First published in | Denkschr. Königl.-Baier. Bot. Ges. Regensburg 3: 280 (1841) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Traditional uses — non-medicinal — Among the Eastern Himalaya, communities have long used the inner bark and young twigs of Edgeworthia gardneri for paper-making and cordage. In Sikkim and West Bengal, the bast fibers are stripped, rinsed, and bruised to separate fibers that are laid and pressed into sheets, a craft described by J. McCann in 1959 and still practiced in the Darjeeling Hills and Sikkimese valleys today. Throughout Sikkim and Nepal, the same bast has been valued as a strong rope and twine for baskets and lashings (Long & Grierson, 1987). In Assam’s tea‑growing districts, the bast is processed into paper or mixed with other fibers for board and packing material, and small‑scale workshops near Jalukie still rely on this supply (Borthakur, 1993). Documented infusions, decoctions, tinctures, macerations, or poultices for Edgeworthia gardneri do not appear in the cited ethnobotanical monographs.
One practical recipe — paper sheets — For small‑batch paper: clean 200 g of fresh inner bark, remove excess wood, and soak in water 12–24 h; boil for 45–60 min in 2 L of water, stirring occasionally, to soften the fibers. Drain, rinse, and beat the bast in a large tray of fresh water until fibers separate, about 5–10 min with a hand swatter. Skim a thin mat of fiber onto a framed screen, drain, and press under light weight for 30–45 min; air‑dry flat. Watch for splintering of unseasoned fiber and maintain even fiber distribution for a uniform sheet.
Active constituents — The bast is rich in lignans and phenylpropanoids typical of Thymelaeaceae, with syringin, edgeworthin, and coumarins such as scopoletin, umbelliferone, and scoparone identified from Edgeworthia species (Hirano et al., 1991). Lignans contribute to fiber strength, and coumarins add antimicrobial properties that help protect stored bast and finished paper.
Modern relevance — Today, craft cooperatives in West Bengal and Sikkim continue the Edgeworthia gardneri bark craft to supply local bookbinders, while research on fiber composition and preservation continues to inform small‑scale production techniques (Mishra & Ghosh, 2022).
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- High-grade rag paper and specialty printing/writing papers based on bast fibers from the inner bark.
Industrial and craft applications:
- Long, flexible bast fibers used in traditional East Asian papermaking. The fibers are processed by retting, beating, and sheet formation to yield paper with high strength and fine texture.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
- No documented food or beverage uses.
Colorants and tanning:
- No documented dye, ink, or tannin applications.
Wood and fiber:
- Bast fiber bundles from the phloem; fiber morphology features high alpha-cellulose and lignin content and long fiber length, facilitating inter-fiber bonding and strength in handmade sheets. Xylem vessels are distinctly annular or helical, a feature used for species identification in fiber provenance studies. Short wood is unsuitable for timber; the species is cultivated for fiber.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
- No documented fragrance or cosmetic uses.
Properties relevant to use:
- Long, fine bast fibers enable formation of cohesive, strong paper. Annular or helical vessel elements in the xylem serve as diagnostic characters for species-level verification.
Standards and regulation:
- No species-specific standards identified.
Sustainability and sourcing:
- Harvest involves stripping and retting bark from stems, followed by cultivation for regeneration. Smallholder or semi-cultivated production is practiced within the native Himalayan range; quantitative sustainability assessments are not established in the available sources.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Daphne gardneri | Wall. | Asiat. Res. 13: 388 (1820) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | argeli |
| English | argelee |
| English | indian papertree |
| English | nepalese paperbush |
| Tamil | எட்ச்வொர்தியா கார்த்னெரி |
| Chinese | 滇结香 |
| Chinese | 长梗结香 |
| Chinese | 构皮树 |
| Chinese | 滇結香 |
Germination/Propagation Top
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No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China South-central
- Tibet
-
China
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- East Himalaya
- Nepal
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Indo-China
- Myanmar
- Vietnam
-
Indian Subcontinent
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Northern America click to expand
-
Southeastern U.S.A.
- Georgia
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Southeastern U.S.A.
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000663233 |
| Tropicos | 50177243 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:831626-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2784521 |
| PFAF | Edgeworthia gardneri |
| Open Tree Of Life | 6119385 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 2203444 |
| IUCN Red List | 150283975 |
| IPNI | 831626-1 |
| iNaturalist | 243937 |
| GBIF | 5523712 |
| Freebase | /m/0n48y9y |
| EPPO | EDGGA |
| EOL | 487837 |
| USDA GRIN | 14886 |
| Wikipedia | Edgeworthia_gardneri |
| CMAUP | NPO15915 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones / Hydroxyanthraquinones | |||||
| 1,3,5-Trihydroxy-7-methyl-2-(1,3,5-trihydroxy-7-methyl-9,10-dioxoanthracen-2-yl)anthracene-9,10-dione | 54752972 | Click to see | 538.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 1,4,7-Trihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methylanthracene-9,10-dione | 54752971 | Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C=C1O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C(=CC(=C3O)OC)O | 300.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Butyrophenones | |||||
| Rhodomyrtosone A | 102521923 | Click to see | 456.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Dibenzylbutane lignans | |||||
| 9,9'-Di-O-(E)-feruloylsecoisolariciresinol | 10439806 | Click to see | 714.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Hopanoids | |||||
| (3I(2),21I(2))-Aa(2)-Neogammacer-22(30)-ene-3,29-diol | 102032092 | Click to see | 442.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Quinone and hydroquinone lipids / Vitamin E compounds / Tocopherols | |||||
| Alpha-Tocopherol | 14985 | Click to see CC1=C(C2=C(CCC(O2)(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)C(=C1O)C)C | 430.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesterterpenoids / Scalarane sesterterpenoids | |||||
| Taraxerol | 92097 | Click to see | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bS,13aR,13bR)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-ol | 11876093 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,11R,12S,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-octamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-ol | 10836206 | Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,12aR,14bR)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 7061300 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(1R,3aS,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-3a-(hydroxymethyl)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl] acetate | 479957 | Click to see | 484.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 11-Oxo-beta-amyrin | 20055661 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CC(=O)C4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C | 440.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3-O-p-Coumaroyloleanolic acid | 10579517 | Click to see | 602.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3beta-Acetoxy-11alpha,12alpha-epoxyoleanan-28,13beta-olide | 21626351 | Click to see CC(=O)OC1CCC2(C(C1(C)C)CCC3(C2C4C(O4)C56C3(CCC7(C5CC(CC7)(C)C)C(=O)O6)C)C)C | 512.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Arjunolic acid | 73641 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C | 488.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Beta-Amyrin | 73145 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Betulin | 72326 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)CO | 442.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Betulonic acid | 122844 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)C)C(=O)O | 454.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Friedelin | 91472 | Click to see | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Lupeol | 259846 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| methyl (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aS,10R,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate | 40884490 | Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)OC | 470.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl Betulonate | 10766700 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)C)C(=O)OC | 468.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| Stigmast-4-en-3-one | 5484202 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)C)C(C)C | 412.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclic alcohols and derivatives | |||||
| (8aR)-8a-hydroxy-3,3,6,6,8,8-hexamethyl-1,2-benzodioxine-5,7-dione | 44281346 | Click to see | 268.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthenes | |||||
| (10R,16R,24R)-12-hydroxy-5,5,7,7,19,19,21,21-octamethyl-13-(3-methylbutanoyl)-10-(2-methylpropyl)-16-propan-2-yl-3,15,17-trioxahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.04,9.016,24.018,23]tetracosa-1,4(9),11,13,18(23)-pentaene-6,8,20,22-tetrone | 56929125 | Click to see | 688.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (10S,16R,24R)-12-hydroxy-5,5,7,7,19,19,21,21-octamethyl-13-(3-methylbutanoyl)-10-(2-methylpropyl)-16-propan-2-yl-3,15,17-trioxahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.04,9.016,24.018,23]tetracosa-1,4(9),11,13,18(23)-pentaene-6,8,20,22-tetrone | 56929124 | Click to see | 688.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (9R)-6,8-dihydroxy-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-5-(3-methylbutanoyl)-9-(2-methylpropyl)-9H-xanthene-1,3-dione | 102521922 | Click to see | 442.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (9S)-6,8-dihydroxy-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-(3-methylbutanoyl)-9-(2-methylpropyl)-9H-xanthene-1,3-dione | 26202536 | Click to see CC(C)CC1C2=C(C=C(C(=C2O)C(=O)CC(C)C)O)OC3=C1C(=O)C(C(=O)C3(C)C)(C)C | 442.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Rhodomyrtone | 12050020 | Click to see | 442.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acid esters / Coumaric acid esters | |||||
| Triacontyl p-coumarate | 14213589 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O | 585.00 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives | |||||
| 6-Methoxy-2-oxo-3-(2-oxochromen-7-yloxy)chromen-7-yl acetate | 1269245 | Click to see CC(=O)OC1=C(C=C2C=C(C(=O)OC2=C1)OC3=CC4=C(C=C3)C=CC(=O)O4)OC | 394.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85530-2 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 6,7-dihydroxycoumarins | |||||
| Edgeworthin | 5491526 | Click to see | 338.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP040127S |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins | |||||
| Daphnoretin | 5281406 | Click to see | 352.30 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP040127S https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85530-2 |
| Edgeworin | 10925304 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC2=C1C=CC(=O)O2)OC3=CC4=C(C=C(C=C4)O)OC3=O | 322.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP040127S |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| Combretol | 12303802 | Click to see | 388.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins | |||||
| 2,3,8-Tri-O-methylellagic acid | 5281860 | Click to see COC1=C(C2=C3C(=C1)C(=O)OC4=C3C(=CC(=C4OC)O)C(=O)O2)OC | 344.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| beta-Pedunculagin | 5320441 | Click to see | 784.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |