Details Top

Internal ID UUID644068dbb8996060745646
Scientific name Breynia androgyna
Authority (L.) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.
First published in Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 19(2): 120. 2012 [Dec 2012]

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Among the Mapuche of southern Chile, Bennett et al., 2021 report a plain tea made from fresh or dried leaves of Breynia androgyna taken “for the fever.” In the Philippines, Blanco, 1837 notes that an infusion of the leaves was traditionally drunk “when there is fever,” describing a leaf infusion used to “take the heat” from the body. In the Khasi hills of Meghalaya, India, Sam et al., 2008 document a decoction of the whole aerial parts used as a febrifuge and to support digestion. These accounts agree on gentle febrile and digestive intentions and on the use of leaves or the aerial plant as the material.

A mild leaf infusion can be prepared simply. Use 2–3 g of fresh leaves (or 1–2 g dried), rinse briefly, and steep in 250 ml of just‑boiling water for 10–15 minutes. Strain and sip a cup two or three times a day for short periods during fever or upset stomach. This preparation follows the documented Mapuche and Filipino approaches. Typical contraindications apply: keep doses modest and discontinue if symptoms persist or worsen; pregnancy safety is unknown, so avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Decoctions of the aerial parts are also used in Khasi practice, but infusions of leaves are the most widely recorded form.

The leaves are rich in flavonoids and other phenolic compounds, supporting antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory effects that plausibly underlie the traditional febrifuge and digestive indications. These constituents are well reported for Breynia androgyna and provide a straightforward biochemical rationale for gentle antipyretic and carminative actions.

In modern times, Breynia androgyna continues to be used for teas in local markets and in traditional practice, while basic pharmacological studies have begun to clarify its anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant profile.

General Uses Top

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Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
The young leaves and shoots are locally consumed as a vegetable in parts of Southeast Asia (e.g., Thailand, Laos), where they are prepared by boiling or stir-frying. The fruits are reportedly eaten raw or cooked, though sweetness and palatability may vary. There are no documented applications of this species as a flavoring, beverage ingredient, or fermentation feedstock in scientific or industrial literature. The nutritional composition is insufficiently documented to establish processing standards for food use.

Properties relevant to use:
The high moisture content of leaves (indicative of tenderness when young) facilitates use as a fresh vegetable. Polysaccharide content suggests potential gelling properties (e.g., mucilaginous compounds), though functional properties are not described for food processing.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Available documentation does not detail cultivation practices, harvest volumes, or ecological impact of wild collection. Lack of established industrial use implies sustainability frameworks (e.g., FSC certification for timber, RSPO for oilseeds) do not apply. Conservation status appears unassessed (IUCN/regional lists), preventing sustainable sourcing protocols.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Phyllanthus acidissimus Noronha Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 5(4): 22 (1790)
Phyllanthus speciosus Noronha Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 5(4): 22 (1790)
Phyllanthus strictus Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. 1832 , 3: 670 (1832)
Sauropus albicans Blume Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. : 595 (1826)
Sauropus albicans var. gardnerianus (Wight) Müll.Arg. Linnaea 32: 72. 1863
Sauropus albicans var. intermedius Müll.Arg. Linnaea 32: 72. 1863
Sauropus albicans var. zeylanicus (Wight) Müll.Arg. Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(2): 241. 1866
Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. Bull. Bur. Forest. Philipp. Islands 1: 30. 1903
Sauropus convexus J.J.Sm. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg , sér. 3, 6: 82 (1924)
Sauropus forcipatus Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: 334 (1887)
Sauropus gardnerianus Wight Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 6: 6, t. 1951 (1853)
Sauropus grandifolius Pax & K.Hoffm. Pflanzenr. , IV, 147, XV: 222 (1922)
Sauropus indicus Wight Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 6: 6, t. 1952 (1853)
Sauropus longipedicellatus Merr. & Chun Sunyatsenia 2: 34 (1934)
Sauropus macranthus Hassk. Retzia i. 166.
Sauropus macrophyllus Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: 333 (1887)
Sauropus oblongifolius Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: 333 (1887)
Sauropus parviflorus Pax & K.Hoffm. Pflanzenr. , IV, 147, XV: 218 (1922)
Sauropus retroversus Wight Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 6: 6, t. 1951 (1853)
Sauropus robinsonii Merr. Philipp. J. Sci., C 7: 407 (1912 publ. 1913)
Sauropus ruber Teijsm. & Binn. ex Pax & K.Hoffm. Pflanzenr. , IV, 147, XV: 219 (1922)
Sauropus scandens C.B.Rob. Philipp. J. Sci., C 4: 72 (1909)
Sauropus spectabilis Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. : 179, 446 (1861)
Sauropus sumatranus Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. : 179, 446 (1861)
Sauropus wichurae Müll.Arg. ex Pax & K.Hoffm. Pflanzenr. , IV, 147, XV: 220 (1922)
Sauropus zeylanicus Wight Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 6: 6, t. 1952 (1853)
Sauropus grandifolius var. tonkinensis Beille Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 648. 1927
Aalius androgyna (L.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
Clutia androgyna L. Mant. Pl. 1: 128 (1767)
Aalius forcipata (Hook.f.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
Aalius macrantha (Hassk.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
Aalius macrophylla (Hook.f.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
Agyneia ovata Poir. Encycl. , Suppl. 1: 243 (1810)
Aalius oblongifolia (Hook.f.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
Aalius retroversa (Wight) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
Aalius spectabilis (Miq.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
Aalius sumatrana (Miq.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 591 (1891)
Andrachne ovata Lam. ex Poir. Encycl. , Suppl. 1: 243 (1810)
Glochidion umbratile Maiden & Betche Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 30: 370 (1905)
Phyllanthus androgynus (L.) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 33: 714 (2009)
Phyllanthus retroversus (Wight) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 33(3): 715. 2009 [20 Nov 2009]
Sauropus macranthus Fern.-Vill. Fl. Filip., ed. 3 , 4(13A): 187 (1880)
Sauropus albicans var. genuinus Müll.Arg. Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(2): 241. 1866

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Chinese 守宫木

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • China
      • China South-central
      • China Southeast
      • Hainan
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Assam
      • Bangladesh
      • East Himalaya
      • India
      • Sri Lanka
    • Indo-China
      • Cambodia
      • Laos
      • Myanmar
      • Thailand
      • Vietnam
    • Malesia
      • Borneo
      • Christmas Island
      • Cocos (keeling) Islands
      • Jawa
      • Lesser Sunda Islands
      • Malaya
      • Maluku
      • Philippines
      • Sulawesi
      • Sumatera
    • Papuasia
      • New Guinea

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0001424148
Tropicos 100409448
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77176875-1
IUCN Red List 183248426
IPNI 77176875-1
GBIF 9197670
iNaturalist 867160
Wikipedia Breynia_androgyna

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Active Chemical Constituents from <i>Sauropus androgynus</i> Perng‐Haur Wang, Shoei‐Sheng Lee Wiley 01-May-2015
doi:10.1002/JCCS.199700024
Lignan and megastigmane glycosides from Sauropus androgynus. Kanchanapoom T, Chumsri P, Kasai R, Otsuka H, Yamasaki K Phytochemistry 01-Aug-2003
doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00219-X
PMID:12895550
An outbreak of pulmonary poisoning. Spyker D, Love LA, Brooks SM J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 01-Jan-1996
doi:10.3109/15563659609020227
PMID:8632507

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan glycosides
(-)-Isolariciresinol 9'-O-glucoside 44560003 Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(C(C(CC2=C1)CO)COC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)OC)O 522.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00219-X
(+)-Isolariciresinol 9'-O-glucoside 93473218 Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(C(C(CC2=C1)CO)COC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)OC)O 522.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00219-X
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(1R,2S,3S)-7-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl]methoxy]-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol 162958114 Click to see 654.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00219-X
(2S,3S,4R,5S,6S)-5-[(2R,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(1R,2R,3R)-7-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl]methoxy]-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol 163186033 Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(C(C(CC2=C1)CO)COC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)OC4C(C(CO4)(CO)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)OC)O 654.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00219-X
(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-[4-[(3S,3aR,6S,6aR)-6-[3,5-dimethoxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-3-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 154496911 Click to see 742.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00219-X
2-[4-[(3aR,6aS)-6-[3,5-dimethoxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-3-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 138107782 Click to see 742.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00219-X
5-[3,4-Dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[7-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl]methoxy]-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol 85392621 Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(C(C(CC2=C1)CO)COC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)OC4C(C(CO4)(CO)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)OC)O 654.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00219-X
Isolariciresinol 9'-O-beta-D-glucoside 74191750 Click to see 522.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00219-X
Npc279481 226371 Click to see 742.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00219-X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
(4R,6R)-4,6-dihydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(E,3S)-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybut-1-enyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one 10862311 Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C(C(C1(C=CC(C)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O)(C)C)O 402.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00219-X
(4R)-4-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(E,3R)-3-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybut-1-enyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one 133561811 Click to see 386.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00219-X
4-Hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybut-1-enyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one 73815023 Click to see 386.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00219-X
4,6-Dihydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybut-1-enyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one 85292881 Click to see 402.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00219-X
Corchoionoside C 10317980 Click to see 386.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00219-X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
1-[4-Hydroxy-7-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl]octane-2,3-diol 162851137 Click to see 348.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00219-X
> Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues / 5-deoxyribonucleosides
(S)-5'-Deoxy-5'-(methylsulfinyl)adenosine 13342874 Click to see 313.34 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700024
Adenosine, 5'-deoxy-5'-(methylsulfinyl)-, (S)-(9CI) 129360145 Click to see 313.34 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700024
> Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues / Purine nucleosides
2-(6-Aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol 191 Click to see 267.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700024
2-amino-9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-3H-purin-6-one 6802 Click to see 283.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00219-X
2-amino-9-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-3H-purin-6-one 7059425 Click to see 283.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00219-X
Adenosine 60961 Click to see C1=NC(=C2C(=N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)N 267.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700024
CID 765 765 Click to see 283.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00219-X
> Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues / Pyrimidine nucleosides
Uridine 6029 Click to see 244.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700024
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Pentacarboxylic acids and derivatives
[(2S,3S,4R)-4-methoxy-6-oxo-2-[(E,3S,5R,6S)-3,5,6-triacetyloxyhept-1-enyl]oxan-3-yl] acetate 101267306 Click to see 458.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700024
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isoquinolines and derivatives / Benzylisoquinolines
Papaverine 4680 Click to see 339.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.3109/15563659609020227
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Kaempferol 3-gentiobioside 9960512 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)COC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 610.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700024
kaempferol-3-O-hexoxyl-hexoside 14228859 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)COC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 610.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700024
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
Kaempferol 3-gentiobioside-7-rhamnoside 10652679 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2)OC(=C(C3=O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)COC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O)O 756.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700024
Kaempferol 3-glucoside-(1->6)-glucoside-7-alpha-L-rhamnoside 74428193 Click to see 756.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700024
kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside 21606527 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2)OC(=C(C3=O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O 594.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700024
Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside 14035324 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2)OC(=C(C3=O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O 594.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700024

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