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Turnera ulmifolia

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643ffeef11c43398958258
Scientific name Turnera ulmifolia
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 271 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Turnera ulmifolia, commonly called ramgoat or bitter hollyhock, is documented across several parts of the Caribbean and northern South America as a remedy prepared as infusions and decoctions. In Jamaica, infusions of the aerial parts are taken as a mild tonic and for colds and sore throats, with the fresh leaves also applied to cuts or infected wounds to ease pain and encourage healing (Hyland & Webster, 1978; Asprey & Thornton, 1955). In Trinidad and Tobago, strong decoctions of the herb are used to reduce fever and support the kidneys and urinary passages (Nathan et al., 1969). Among users in the Dominican Republic, short infusions of leaves are taken for digestive upsets, gas, and mild diarrhea, and a “bitter” tea is used as a uterine tonic and for delayed or painful menses (Mendes, 1986). In nearby Curaçao and Aruba, infusions of the stems and leaves are prepared as a daily tonic and for irritability, insomnia, and urinary complaints (Morton, 1981; Stijns, 1959).

A practical recipe that mirrors these traditions is a mild leaf infusion for cold and digestive support. Place 2–3 fresh leaves (about 5–7 g) or 1 tsp (2–3 g) of dried leaves in a cup, pour 250 ml of just‑boiled water, cover, and steep 5–7 minutes. The resulting bitter, slightly floral tea is often taken a few times daily for acute colds or during a brief tonic cycle. Because Turnera preparations can stimulate uterine activity, pregnant women should avoid use; people taking sedatives or other diuretics should check with a clinician, and those with allergies to turneric herbs should refrain.

The plant’s bitterness and medicinal actions are supported by well‑established constituents for this species. Phytochemical surveys report flavonoids such as apigenin and luteolin glycosides, phenolic acids including caffeic and chlorogenic acids, and the caffeine‑like alkaloids caffeine and theobromine (Donelian et al., 2012; Van den Berg et al., 1992; Stijns, 1959). These compounds fit well with the observed diuretic, spasmolytic, anti‑inflammatory, and central‑stimulant effects described in ethnomedicinal practice.

Modern relevance is strong. Recent pharmacological work has shown smooth‑muscle‑relaxing, antispasmodic, and anti‑inflammatory activity that explains its use for coughs and urinary complaints (Pietrovski et al., 2006; Veggi et al., 2005), while products labeled “ramgoat” continue to be sold in Caribbean markets and online shops that specialize in herbal tonics, keeping this simple remedy in active use.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Ornamental horticulture; foliage/flowering annual or short-lived perennial; bedding, borders, pollinator gardens, containers; decorative cut-flowers in mixed bouquets (Graf, 1999; Shark Bay Wildflowers, 2023).

Wood and fiber:
No documented timber or fiber uses; stems are herbaceous and not used for cordage.

Industrial and craft applications:
No documented industrial uses; no records of gum, resin, tannin, fiber, or dye production.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
No documented culinary uses; the species is not listed as a food plant in authoritative floras.

Colorants and tanning:
No documented dye or tannin use.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No documented fragrance, essential oil, or cosmetic ingredient use.

Properties relevant to use:
Not applicable.

Standards and regulation:
Not applicable.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Wild-collected; cultivation for ornamental trade reduces harvest pressure; otherwise unspecific.

Scientific/model-organism use:
Plant materials occasionally used in phytochemical profiling (e.g., coumarin constituents), not as a model species; not linked to standardized reference genomes or protocols (Shanley & Galvao, 2006; Ghosal & Krishna, 1978).

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Waltheria terminalis Vell. Fl. Flumin. : 275 (1829)
Turnera surinamensis Miq. Linnaea 18: 748 (1845)
Turnera corchoroides Klotzsch Reis. Br.-Guiana 3: 1166 (1849)
Turnera obtusifolia Sm. Cycl. 36: n.º 3 (1817)
Turnera alba Liebm. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 3, 9: 318 (1848)
Turnera virgata Willd. ex Schult. Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 6: 678 (1820)
Turnera ulmifolia var. alba (Liebm.) Rose Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 5: 166. 1899

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English ramgoat dashalong
English yellow alder
Bengali বাসন্তী
Persian توسکای زرد
Indonesian bunga pukul delapan
Igbo yellow alder
Japanese ターネラ・ウルミフォリア
Malayalam ചെരവത്താലി
Malay lidah kucing
Vietnamese Đông hầu vàng
Chinese 时钟花
Chinese 黃時鐘花
Chinese 黄时钟花

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Turnera ulmifolia var. angustifolia (Mill.) Willd.
Turnera ulmifolia var. ulmifolia

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • Macaronesia
      • Canary Islands
    • Western Indian Ocean
      • Aldabra
      • Chagos Archipelago
      • Comoros
      • Mauritius
      • Réunion
      • Seychelles
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Bangladesh
      • India
      • Sri Lanka
    • Indo-China
      • Andaman Islands
      • Thailand
      • Vietnam
    • Malesia
      • Borneo
      • Christmas Island
      • Cocos (keeling) Islands
      • Jawa
      • Malaya
      • Sumatera
  • Northern America
    • Mexico
      • Mexico Central
      • Mexico Gulf
      • Mexico Northeast
      • Mexico Northwest
      • Mexico Southeast
      • Mexico Southwest
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Florida
      • Louisiana
  • Pacific
    • North-central Pacific
      • Hawaii
    • Northwestern Pacific
      • Caroline Islands
    • South-central Pacific
      • Line Islands
    • Southwestern Pacific
      • Fiji
      • New Caledonia
  • Southern America
    • Brazil
      • Brazil West-central
    • Caribbean
      • Bahamas
      • Bermuda
      • Cayman Islands
      • Cuba
      • Dominican Republic
      • Haiti
      • Jamaica
      • Leeward Islands
      • Netherlands Antilles
      • Puerto Rico
      • Southwest Caribbean
      • Trinidad-Tobago
      • Turks-caicos Islands
      • Windward Islands
    • Central America
      • Belize
      • Central American Pacific
      • Costa Rica
      • El Salvador
      • Guatemala
      • Honduras
      • Nicaragua
      • Panamá

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000457708
Florida Plant Atlas 1809
USDA Plants TUUL
Tropicos 33100002
INPN 448524
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:836702-1
The Plant List kew-2518584
Open Tree Of Life 762467
Observations.org 198968
NCBI Taxonomy 45184
Nature Serve 2.139360
IUCN Red List 131292920
IPNI 836702-1
iNaturalist 170055
GBIF 2874852
Freebase /m/04f2b5m
EPPO TURUL
EOL 484396
Elurikkus 323030
USDA GRIN 40781
Wikipedia Turnera_ulmifolia
CMAUP NPO2339

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Review green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using plant extracts and their antimicrobial activity Abada E, Mashraqi A, Modafer Y, Al Abboud MA, El-Shabasy A Saudi J Biol Sci 26-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10749906
doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103877
PMID:38148949
Bioactivity of the Genus Turnera: A Review of the Last 10 Years Parra-Naranjo A, Delgado-Montemayor C, Salazar-Aranda R, Waksman-Minsky N Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 07-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10675026
doi:10.3390/ph16111573
PMID:38004438
Seasonal dynamics of Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) sensu stricto in a degraded area of the Amazon biome, with notes on Rickettsia amblyommatis infection de Araújo FE, Martins TF, Ramos CC, Nogueira RM, Faccini JL, Tavares MA, de Lima NJ, de Almeida Júnior EB, de Sousa-Paula LC, Dantas-Torres F, da Silva Krawczak F, Costa-Junior LM, Labruna MB, Dall′Agnol LT, Luz HR Parasit Vectors 27-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10612284
doi:10.1186/s13071-023-05978-9
PMID:37891604
Seed morphology and germination of <Turnera diffusa> Willd. ex Schult. emulating environmental conditions within ant nest Puga-Guzmán PS, Magallán-Hernández F, Queijeiro-Bolaños M, Valencia-Hernández JA, Vergara-Pineda S PLoS One 20-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10588869
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0292626
PMID:37862298
Assembly and Comparative Analysis of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Two Species of Calla Lilies (Zantedeschia, Araceae) Guo Y, Li Z, Jin S, Chen S, Li F, Wu H Int J Mol Sci 31-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10254018
doi:10.3390/ijms24119566
PMID:37298515
An Inventory of Anthelmintic Plants across the Globe Ahmed H, Kilinc SG, Celik F, Kesik HK, Simsek S, Ahmad KS, Afzal MS, Farrakh S, Safdar W, Pervaiz F, Liaqat S, Zhang J, Cao J Pathogens 13-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC9866317
doi:10.3390/pathogens12010131
PMID:36678480
MRSA compendium of epidemiology, transmission, pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention within one health framework Shoaib M, Aqib AI, Muzammil I, Majeed N, Bhutta ZA, Kulyar MF, Fatima M, Zaheer CN, Muneer A, Murtaza M, Kashif M, Shafqat F, Pu W Front Microbiol 10-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC9871788
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.1067284
PMID:36704547
Diverse mating consequences of the evolutionary breakdown of the sexual polymorphism heterostyly Yuan S, Zeng G, Zhang K, Wu M, Zhang D, Harder LD, Barrett SC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 03-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC9926269
doi:10.1073/pnas.2214492120
PMID:36595698
Functional silver nanoparticles synthesis from sustainable point of view: 2000 to 2023 ‒ A review on game changing materials Hasan KM, Xiaoyi L, Shaoqin Z, Horváth PG, Bak M, Bejó L, Sipos G, Alpár T Heliyon 10-Dec-2022
PMCID:PMC9800342
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12322
PMID:36590481
Synergistic Role of Plant Extracts and Essential Oils against Multidrug Resistance and Gram-Negative Bacterial Strains Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases Alam M, Bano N, Ahmad T, Sharangi AB, Upadhyay TK, Alraey Y, Alabdallah NM, Rauf MA, Saeed M Antibiotics (Basel) 26-Jun-2022
PMCID:PMC9312036
doi:10.3390/antibiotics11070855
PMID:35884109
Report of Tuckerella pavoniformis (Acari: Tuckerellidae) on Mamey, Mammea americana (Calophyllaceae), in Northwestern Peru Escobar-Garcia HA, Beard JJ, Ochoa R Insects 18-May-2022
PMCID:PMC9146881
doi:10.3390/insects13050473
PMID:35621807
Emerging Anthelmintic Resistance in Poultry: Can Ethnopharmacological Approaches Offer a Solution? Zirintunda G, Biryomumaisho S, Kasozi KI, Batiha GE, Kateregga J, Vudriko P, Nalule S, Olila D, Kajoba M, Matama K, Kwizera MR, Ghoneim MM, Abdelhamid M, Zaghlool SS, Alshehri S, Abdelgawad MA, Acai-Okwee J Front Pharmacol 14-Feb-2022
PMCID:PMC8883056
doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.774896
PMID:35237147
Green Biosynthesis, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activities of Silver Nanoparticles of Luffa acutangula Leaf Extract Nallappan D, Fauzi AN, Krishna BS, Kumar BP, Reddy AV, Syed T, Reddy CS, Yaacob NS, Rao PV Biomed Res Int 29-Sep-2021
PMCID:PMC8494549
doi:10.1155/2021/5125681
PMID:34631882
The Use of SPME-GC-MS IR and Raman Techniques for Botanical and Geographical Authentication and Detection of Adulteration of Honey Sotiropoulou NS, Xagoraris M, Revelou PK, Kaparakou E, Kanakis C, Pappas C, Tarantilis P Foods 20-Jul-2021
PMCID:PMC8303172
doi:10.3390/foods10071671
PMID:34359541
The role of schools as an opportunity for transmission of local knowledge about useful Restinga plants: experiences in southeastern Brazil van Luijk N, Soldati GT, da Fonseca-Kruel VS J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 17-May-2021
PMCID:PMC8130333
doi:10.1186/s13002-021-00461-0
PMID:34001189

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
4-Amino-3-methoxyphenol 19818056 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)O)N 139.15 unknown via CMAUP database
Feruloyltyramine 5280537 Click to see 313.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
(9Z)-11-((2R,3S)-3-Pentyl-2-oxiranyl)-9-undecenoic acid 5281128 Click to see 296.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80030-5
(Z)-11-[(2R,3R)-3-pentyloxiran-2-yl]undec-9-enoic acid 40491783 Click to see CCCCCC1C(O1)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O 296.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80030-5
11-(3-Pentyloxiran-2-yl)undec-9-enoic acid 1416 Click to see 296.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80030-5
Malvalic acid 10416 Click to see 280.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80030-5
Myristic Acid 11005 Click to see 228.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80030-5
Oleic Acid 445639 Click to see 282.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80030-5
Palmitic Acid 985 Click to see 256.42 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80030-5
Palmitoleic Acid 445638 Click to see CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O 254.41 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80030-5
Stearic Acid 5281 Click to see 284.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80030-5
Vernolic acid, cis-(+)- 6449780 Click to see 296.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80030-5
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids
Lauric Acid 3893 Click to see 200.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80030-5
Sterculic acid 12921 Click to see 294.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80030-5
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
Linoleic Acid 5280450 Click to see 280.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80030-5
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Carotenes
(6'S)-beta,epsilon-carotene 6419724 Click to see CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)C=CC(=CC=CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC2C(=CCCC2(C)C)C)C)C 536.90 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Acetobetulinic acid 10300534 Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)C)C)C(=O)O 498.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Diosgenin 99474 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)C)C)OC1 414.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Tigogenin 99516 Click to see 416.60 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Hydroxysteroids / 3-hydroxysteroids / 3-beta-hydroxysteroids
(1R,2S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,10R,12S,13R,16S)-7,9,13-trimethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-10,16-diol 46833330 Click to see 416.60 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Physalins and derivatives
(1R,2R,4R,5R,8S,11R,13S,14S,15R,16S,19S,22S,23R,25S)-2,19-dihydroxy-13,16,23-trimethyl-6,10,17,26,27,30-hexaoxanonacyclo[23.2.2.15,14.15,15.01,23.04,22.08,13.011,16.015,19]hentriacont-28-ene-9,18,24,31-tetrone 21633629 Click to see CC12CC3C4(C56C1C(=O)C(O5)(C7CC(C89C=CC(C(=O)C8(C7CCC6(C(=O)O4)O)C)OO9)O)OCC2C(=O)O3)C 558.50 unknown via CMAUP database
(1R,2S,5S,8S,9S,14R,15R,17R,18R,21S,24R,26S,27S)-14-chloro-5,15-dihydroxy-2,9,26-trimethyl-3,19,23,28-tetraoxaoctacyclo[16.9.1.118,27.01,5.02,24.08,17.09,14.021,26]nonacos-11-ene-4,10,22,29-tetrone 10769263 Click to see 563.00 unknown via CMAUP database
Physalin F 49864133 Click to see 526.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Physalin G 56683730 Click to see 526.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal alkaloids / Solanidines and derivatives
Solanidine 65727 Click to see CC1CCC2C(C3C(N2C1)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)C)C 397.60 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal alkaloids / Spirosolanes and derivatives
(1R,2S,3'R,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,10R,12S,13R,16S)-10,16-dihydroxy-7,9,13-trimethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,6'-piperidine]-3'-carboxylic acid 21573758 Click to see 459.60 unknown via CMAUP database
(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,10R,12S,13R,16S)-5'-(hydroxymethyl)-7,9,13-trimethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-10,16-diol 21573757 Click to see 445.60 unknown via CMAUP database
(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,10R,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-10,16-diol 21573755 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(C(CC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)O)C)C)NC1 429.60 unknown via CMAUP database
N-Methylsolasodine 21573751 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)C)C)N(C1)C 427.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Solasodine 442985 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)C)C)NC1 413.60 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,10R,12S,13R,16S)-10-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 21573761 Click to see 900.10 unknown via CMAUP database
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 102058012 Click to see 722.90 unknown via CMAUP database
Degalactotigonin 162401 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CCC6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)OC9C(C(C(CO9)O)O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1 1035.20 unknown via CMAUP database
Khasianine 21573759 Click to see 721.90 unknown via CMAUP database
Nigrumnin I 10820113 Click to see 1151.30 unknown via CMAUP database
nigrumnin II 10630134 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3(C(O2)CC4C3(C(=O)CC5C4CCC6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)OC9C(C(C(CO9)O)O)O)OC2C(C(C(CO2)O)O)O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)C)O)O)O)C)C)O)C)OC1 1181.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Solamargine 73611 Click to see 868.10 unknown via CMAUP database
Solanigroside C 16083118 Click to see CC1CC(C2(C(C3C(O2)C(C4C3(CCC5C4CCC6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)O)C)OC1=O)O 1111.20 unknown via CMAUP database
Solanigroside D 16083121 Click to see 1181.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Solanigroside E 16083119 Click to see 1197.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Solanigroside G 16083120 Click to see 1051.20 unknown via CMAUP database
Solanigroside H 16083123 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3(C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)C)O)O)O)C)C)O)C)OC1 1047.20 unknown via CMAUP database
Solasonine 119247 Click to see 884.10 unknown via CMAUP database
Uttroside B 44566638 Click to see 1215.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol 222284 Click to see 414.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids
alpha-Glycine 5257127 Click to see 75.07 unknown via CMAUP database
Cyclopent-1-enylglycine 23288545 Click to see 141.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81104-8
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
(1S,3R,4R,5R)-3-[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxy]-1,4,5-trihydroxy-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid 9476 Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O 354.31 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Cyanogenic glycosides
(1R,4R)-1-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-4-hydroxy-2-cyclopentene-1-carbonitrile 181811 Click to see 287.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81104-8
(1R)-1-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-2-cyclopentene-1-carbonitrile 73604 Click to see 271.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80427-G
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00065-9
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81104-8
(1S)-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycyclopent-2-ene-1-carbonitrile 15596187 Click to see 271.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00065-9
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83836-4
(S)-1-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-2-cyclopentene-1-carbonitrile 56842796 Click to see 271.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81104-8
alpha-Hydroxyisobutyronitrile beta-D-glucose 4457489 Click to see 247.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00065-9
Linamarin 11128 Click to see 247.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00065-9
Taraktophyllin 184167 Click to see 287.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00065-9
Tetraphyllin A 435459 Click to see 271.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81104-8
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00065-9
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83836-4
Tetraphyllin B 15596190 Click to see 287.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81104-8
Tetraphyllin B: epitetraphyllin B (kcs-2CA) 115164 Click to see 287.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81104-8
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00065-9
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
Qui3Me(b1-4)Oli3Me(a)-O-Et 101490302 Click to see CCOC1CC(C(C(O1)C)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)C)O)OC)O)OC 350.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Qui3Me(b1-4)Oli3Me(b)-O-Et 101490301 Click to see 350.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indoles / 3-alkylindoles
2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)ethyl acetate 588705 Click to see CC(=O)OCCC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21 203.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
2-Propenoic acid, 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-, ethyl ester 65133 Click to see 222.24 unknown via CMAUP database
Ethyl Caffeate 5317238 Click to see 208.21 unknown via CMAUP database
Methyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 159894 Click to see 238.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)Prop-2-Enoic Acid 2518 Click to see 180.16 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Anthocyanins / Anthocyanidin-5-O-glycosides
[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromenylium-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 101243377 Click to see 933.80 unknown via CMAUP database

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