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Linum perenne

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643ff47b4d01a218556446
Scientific name Linum perenne
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 277 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
The taxon is cultivated for ornamental horticulture. It is marketed as a perennial flowering plant for borders, meadows, and pollinator-friendly plantings, typically sold as seeds or nursery liners.

Scientific/model-organism use:
It is used in research on plant adaptation and physiology (e.g., responses to drought, phenology) and in ecological studies of meadow communities. Reference to its occurrence and taxonomy is provided by regional Floras and checklist databases.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Linum alpestre Bubani Fl. Pyren. 3: 335 (1901)
Linum elatum Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 177 (1796)
Linum brevisepalum Juz. Fl. URSS 14: 720 (1949)
Adenolinum perenne Rchb. Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 16: 65 (1853)
Adenolinum sibiricum Rchb. Handb. Nat. Pfl.-Syst. : 307 (1837)
Linum sibiricum DC. Prodr. 1: 427 (1824)
Linum decurrens Kellogg Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3: 44 (1863)
Linum lyallanum Alef. Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 25: 251 (1867)
Linum darmstadinum Alef. Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 25: 252 (1867)
Linum perenne var. pauciflorum Regel Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1858: 50 (1859)
Linum perenne var. procumbens Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 640 (1821 publ. 1822)
Linum perenne unranked roseum Barr & Sugden Nursery Cat. (Barr & Son) 1866(Autumn): 3 (1866)
Linum alpinum Schangin Neueste Nord. Beytr. Phys. Geogr. Erd- Völkerbeschreib. 6: 47 (1793)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English perennial flax
English blue flax
Belarusian Лён многагадовы
Bulgarian многогодишен лен
Czech len vytrvalý
Welsh llin parhaol
Danish staude-hør
Danish flerårig hør
German stauden-lein
German ausdauernder lein
Finnish sinipellava
Upper Sorbian wutrajny len
Dutch overblijvend vlas
Polish len trwały
Russian Лён многолетний
Russian Лен многолетний
Ukrainian Льон багаторічний
Chinese 宿根亞麻
Chinese 蓝亚麻
Chinese 百骑大栗树
Chinese 亚麻花
Chinese 豆麻
Chinese 多年生亚麻
Chinese 宿根亚麻

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment.
Requires Light or Surface Sowing: These seeds need light to germinate and should not be covered with soil or only very lightly. They are often very small and sown directly on the surface of the growing medium.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • China
      • China North-central
      • China South-central
      • Inner Mongolia
      • Qinghai
      • Tibet
      • Xinjiang
    • Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan
    • Mongolia
      • Mongolia
    • Siberia
      • Altay
      • Buryatiya
      • Irkutsk
      • Krasnoyarsk
      • Tuva
      • West Siberia
      • Yakutskiya
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Belarus
      • Central European Russia
      • East European Russia
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Poland
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • Ontario
    • Mexico
      • Mexico Northwest
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
      • Iowa
      • Minnesota
      • Nebraska
      • Wisconsin
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Maine
      • Michigan
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Pennsylvania
      • Vermont
      • West Virginia
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Colorado
      • Idaho
      • Montana
      • Oregon
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • Arizona
      • Nevada
      • Utah
    • Subarctic America
      • Yukon
    • Western Canada
      • British Columbia

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000363378
Canadensys 6556
USDA Plants LIPE2
Tropicos 18700025
INPN 611066
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:544634-1
The Plant List kew-2347281
Missouri Botanical Garden 282465
Open Tree Of Life 402520
Observations.org 26553
NCBI Taxonomy 35941
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0000003144
Nature Serve 2.146563
IPNI 544634-1
iNaturalist 60491
GBIF 2873878
Freebase /m/0b2tvr
WisFlora 4084
EPPO LIUPE
EOL 595723
Calflora (Californian flora) 9360
USDA GRIN 22353
Wikipedia Linum_perenne

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
Accession Assembly
Name Level Submitter Released Coverage Size
GCA_965231395.2 Linum_perenne_primary_assembly_n_2026_06 Contig Stockholm University 2026-07-05 30 737.70 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Selection of Flax Genotypes for Pan-Genomic Studies by Sequencing Tagmentation-Based Transcriptome Libraries Pushkova EN, Borkhert EV, Novakovskiy RO, Dvorianinova EM, Rozhmina TA, Zhuchenko AA, Zhernova DA, Turba AA, Yablokov AG, Sigova EA, Krasnov GS, Bolsheva NL, Melnikova NV, Dmitriev AA Plants (Basel) 30-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10650069
doi:10.3390/plants12213725
PMID:37960081
An annotated nomenclatural checklist of endemic vascular plants distributed in the Ukrainian Carpathians Novikov A Biodivers Data J 11-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10848708
doi:10.3897/BDJ.11.e103921
PMID:38327305
Tissue Culture in Ornamentals: Cultivation Factors, Propagation Techniques, and Its Application Mehbub H, Akter A, Akter MA, Mandal MS, Hoque MA, Tuleja M, Mehraj H Plants (Basel) 23-Nov-2022
PMCID:PMC9736077
doi:10.3390/plants11233208
PMID:36501247
Intra‐annual growing season climate variability drives the community intra‐annual stability of a temperate grassland by altering intra‐annual species asynchrony and richness in Inner Mongolia, China Zhang Z, Bao T, Hautier Y, Yang J, Liu Z, Qing H Ecol Evol 04-Oct-2022
PMCID:PMC9532246
doi:10.1002/ece3.9385
PMID:36225823
Phylogenetic Analysis and Flower Color Evolution of the Subfamily Linoideae (Linaceae) Villalvazo-Hernández A, Burgos-Hernández M, González D Plants (Basel) 15-Jun-2022
PMCID:PMC9231132
doi:10.3390/plants11121579
PMID:35736730
Anchorage by seed mucilage prevents seed dislodgement in high surface flow: a mechanistic investigation Pan VS, Girvin C, LoPresti EF Ann Bot 24-Mar-2022
PMCID:PMC9292590
doi:10.1093/aob/mcac045
PMID:35325924
Assessment of biogeographic variation in traits of Lewis flax (Linum lewisii) for use in restoration and agriculture Innes P, Gossweiler A, Jensen S, Tilley D, St. John L, Jones T, Kitchen S, Hulke BS AoB Plants 04-Feb-2022
PMCID:PMC8906388
doi:10.1093/aobpla/plac005
PMID:35273788
Two Is Company, but Four Is a Party—Challenges of Tetraploidization for Cell Wall Dynamics and Efficient Tip-Growth in Pollen Westermann J Plants (Basel) 05-Nov-2021
PMCID:PMC8623246
doi:10.3390/plants10112382
PMID:34834745
Restoration of species‐rich grasslands by transfer of local plant material and its impact on species diversity and genetic variation—Findings of a practical restoration project in southeastern Germany Kaulfuß F, Reisch C Ecol Evol 22-Aug-2021
PMCID:PMC8462159
doi:10.1002/ece3.8029
PMID:34594541
The thionin family of antimicrobial peptides Höng K, Austerlitz T, Bohlmann T, Bohlmann H PLoS One 14-Jul-2021
PMCID:PMC8279376
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0254549
PMID:34260649
Litter decomposes slowly on shaded steep slope and sunny gentle slope in a typical steppe ecoregion Hu A, Duan Y, Xu L, Chang S, Chen X, Hou F Ecol Evol 26-Feb-2021
PMCID:PMC7981220
doi:10.1002/ece3.6933
PMID:33767814
Wooded Semi-Natural Habitats Complement Permanent Grasslands in Supporting Wild Bee Diversity in Agricultural Landscapes Rivers-Moore J, Andrieu E, Vialatte A, Ouin A Insects 18-Nov-2020
PMCID:PMC7698930
doi:10.3390/insects11110812
PMID:33218064
Are native and non‐native pollinator friendly plants equally valuable for native wild bee communities? Seitz N, vanEngelsdorp D, Leonhardt SD Ecol Evol 13-Oct-2020
PMCID:PMC7713930
doi:10.1002/ece3.6826
PMID:33304497
Changes in traditional ecological knowledge of forage plants in immigrant villages of Ningxia, China Ma Y, Luo B, Zhu Q, Ma D, Wen Q, Feng J, Xue D J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 16-Dec-2019
PMCID:PMC6916113
doi:10.1186/s13002-019-0333-0
PMID:31842902
Allelopathic effects of volatile organic compounds released from Pinus halepensis needles and roots Santonja M, Bousquet‐Mélou A, Greff S, Ormeño E, Fernandez C Ecol Evol 02-Jul-2019
PMCID:PMC6662250
doi:10.1002/ece3.5390
PMID:31380083

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Arylnaphthalene lignans
isojusticidin B 11122050 Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(C3=C(COC3=O)C=C2C=C1)C4=CC5=C(C=C4)OCO5)OC 364.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-993748
Justicidin B 442882 Click to see COC1=CC2=CC3=C(C(=C2C=C1OC)C4=CC5=C(C=C4)OCO5)C(=O)OC3 364.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-993748
Retrohelioxanthin 492901 Click to see 348.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-993748
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan lactones
(19R)-14-methoxy-6,8,12,21-tetraoxahexacyclo[11.10.1.02,10.05,9.017,24.019,23]tetracosa-1(23),2(10),3,5(9),13,15,17(24)-heptaen-22-one 71682694 Click to see COC1=C2C3=C(CC4COC(=O)C4=C3C5=C(CO2)C6=C(C=C5)OCO6)C=C1 364.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-993748
(6aR)-10-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-6a,7-dihydro-6H-[2]benzofuro[5,6-g][1,3]benzodioxol-9-one 163091214 Click to see C1C2COC(=O)C2=C(C3=C1C=CC4=C3OCO4)C5=CC6=C(C=C5)OCO6 350.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-993748
(8aR)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-8a,9-dihydro-8H-[2]benzofuro[6,5-f][1,3]benzodioxol-6-one 92161701 Click to see 350.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-993748
(9aR)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5,6-dimethoxy-9,9a-dihydro-1H-benzo[f][2]benzofuran-3-one 162947855 Click to see 366.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-993748
10-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-6a,7-dihydro-6H-[2]benzofuro[5,6-g][1,3]benzodioxol-9-one 163091213 Click to see C1C2COC(=O)C2=C(C3=C1C=CC4=C3OCO4)C5=CC6=C(C=C5)OCO6 350.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-993748
14-Methoxy-6,8,12,21-tetraoxahexacyclo[11.10.1.02,10.05,9.017,24.019,23]tetracosa-1(23),2(10),3,5(9),13,15,17(24)-heptaen-22-one 71600465 Click to see COC1=C2C3=C(CC4COC(=O)C4=C3C5=C(CO2)C6=C(C=C5)OCO6)C=C1 364.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-993748
5-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-8a,9-dihydrofuro[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6(8h)-one 270045 Click to see 350.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-993748
7(8)-dihydroisojusticidin B 134820205 Click to see 366.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-993748
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Cyanogenic glycosides
(2RS)-Lotaustralin 23638286 Click to see 261.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86154-3

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Collections Top

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