Schoenocaulon officinale, commonly known as sabadilla, is a flowering plant native to Mexico, Central America, and Venezuela. It contains highly toxic alkaloids such as veratridine and cevadine, and its seeds have been used historically by pharmacists around the world to prepare delousing solutions and insecticides. It is still collected and used locally to rid domestic animals of fleas, ticks, lice, and other parasites, and efforts are being made to revive the industry.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Asagraea caracasana	Ernst	J. Bot. 9: 91 (1871)
Asagraea officinalis	Lindl.	Edwards's Bot. Reg. 25: t. 33 (1839)
Asagraea sabadilla	(Retz.) A.Lyons	Pl. Nam. , ed. 2: 508 (1907)
Helonias officinalis	D.Don	Edinburgh New Philos. J. 1832: 234 (1832)
Melanthium sabadilla	Thunb.	Melanthio : 4 (1797)
Sabadilla officinalis	(Schltdl. & Cham.) Standl.	Lista Pl. Salvador [Standley & S. Calderon] 49. 1925
Skoinolon officinale	(Schltdl. & Cham.) Farw.	Druggists' Circ. 62: 536 (1918)
Veratrum officinale	Schltdl. & Cham.	Linnaea 6: 45 (1831)
Veratrum sabadilla	Retz.	Observ. Bot. 1: 31 (1779)
Xerophyllum sabadilla	(Retz.) D.Don ex G.Don f.	Hort. Brit. , ed. 2: 602 (1832)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
Czech	sabadila lékařská
German	asagra caracasana
German	asagraea officinale,
German	helonias officinale
German	veratrum officinale
German	sabadill
la	sabadilla officinarum
Polish	kichawiec lekarski
Polish	sabadyla lekarska
Russian	Сабадилла

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Northern America click to expand
- Mexico
  - Mexico Central
  - Mexico Gulf
  - Mexico Northeast
  - Mexico Southeast
  - Mexico Southwest

Southern America click to expand
- Central America
  - Costa Rica
  - El Salvador
  - Honduras
  - Nicaragua
- Northern South America
  - Venezuela

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000735101
UNII	QLC7BUA4V8
Tropicos	18404054
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:540614-1
The Plant List	kew-287068
Open Tree Of Life	1079227
NCBI Taxonomy	294315
IPNI	540614-1
iNaturalist	277107
GBIF	2742010
EPPO	SHQOF
EOL	1082153
USDA GRIN	33260
Wikipedia	Schoenocaulon_officinale
CMAUP	NPO2704

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Pesticides vs. Biopesticides: From Pest Management to Toxicity and Impacts on the Environment and Human Health

Daraban GM, Hlihor RM, Suteu D

Toxics

04-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10748064
doi:	10.3390/toxics11120983
PMID:	38133384

Nanobiotechnology in crop stress management: an overview of novel applications

Nawaz A, Rehman HU, Usman M, Wakeel A, Shahid MS, Alam S, Sanaullah M, Atiq M, Farooq M

Discov Nano

15-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10214921
doi:	10.1186/s11671-023-03845-1
PMID:	37382723

Algal ciguatoxin identified as source of ciguatera poisoning in the Caribbean

Mudge EM, Miles CO, Ivanova L, Uhlig S, James KS, Erdner DL, Fæste CK, McCarron P, Robertson A

Chemosphere

10-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10201850
doi:	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138659
PMID:	37044143

Veratrum parviflorum: An Underexplored Source for Bioactive Steroidal Alkaloids

Seale JT, McDougal OM

Molecules

22-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9412450
doi:	10.3390/molecules27165349
PMID:	36014585

Status and Prospects of Botanical Biopesticides in Europe and Mediterranean Countries

Acheuk F, Basiouni S, Shehata AA, Dick K, Hajri H, Lasram S, Yilmaz M, Emekci M, Tsiamis G, Spona-Friedl M, May-Simera H, Eisenreich W, Ntougias S

Biomolecules

15-Feb-2022

PMCID:	PMC8869379
doi:	10.3390/biom12020311
PMID:	35204810

Plant-Derived Pesticides as an Alternative to Pest Management and Sustainable Agricultural Production: Prospects, Applications and Challenges

Souto AL, Sylvestre M, Tölke ED, Tavares JF, Barbosa-Filho JM, Cebrián-Torrejón G

Molecules

10-Aug-2021

PMCID:	PMC8400533
doi:	10.3390/molecules26164835
PMID:	34443421

Oxyresveratrol: Sources, Productions, Biological Activities, Pharmacokinetics, and Delivery Systems

Likhitwitayawuid K

Molecules

11-Jul-2021

PMCID:	PMC8307110
doi:	10.3390/molecules26144212
PMID:	34299485

Diversity in Chemical Structures and Biological Properties of Plant Alkaloids

Bhambhani S, Kondhare KR, Giri AP

Molecules

03-Jun-2021

PMCID:	PMC8199754
doi:	10.3390/molecules26113374
PMID:	34204857

Risk Compounds, Preclinical Toxicity Evaluation, and Potential Mechanisms of Chinese Materia Medica–Induced Cardiotoxicity

Zhou J, Peng F, Cao X, Xie X, Chen D, Yang L, Rao C, Peng C, Pan X

Front Pharmacol

30-Mar-2021

PMCID:	PMC8044783
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2021.578796
PMID:	33867974

Structural Revision of Sesbagrandiflorains A and B, and Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 6-Methoxy-2-arylbenzofuran Derivatives

Noviany N, Samadi A, Carpenter EL, Abugrain ME, Hadi S, Purwitasari N, Indra G, Indra A, Mahmud T

J Nat Med

18-Aug-2020

PMCID:	PMC7791000
doi:	10.1007/s11418-020-01445-2
PMID:	32809097

Climatic Conditions: Conventional and Nanotechnology-Based Methods for the Control of Mosquito Vectors Causing Human Health Issues

Ahmed T, Hyder MZ, Liaqat I, Scholz M

Int J Environ Res Public Health

30-Aug-2019

PMCID:	PMC6747303
doi:	10.3390/ijerph16173165
PMID:	31480254

Historical Biogeography of Melanthiaceae: A Case of Out-of-North America Through the Bering Land Bridge

Kim C, Kim SC, Kim JH

Front Plant Sci

04-Apr-2019

PMCID:	PMC6458295
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2019.00396
PMID:	31019522

Herbal Medicine for Oligomenorrhea and Amenorrhea: A Systematic Review of Ancient and Conventional Medicine

Moini Jazani A, Hamdi K, Tansaz M, Nazemiyeh H, Sadeghi Bazargani H, Fazljou SM, Nasimi Doost Azgomi R

Biomed Res Int

18-Mar-2018

PMCID:	PMC5878906
doi:	10.1155/2018/3052768
PMID:	29744355

Potentiality of botanical agents for the management of post harvest insects of maize: a review

Soujanya PL, Sekhar JC, Kumar P, Sunil N, Prasad CV, Mallavadhani UV

J Food Sci Technol

04-Jan-2016

PMCID:	PMC4921069
doi:	10.1007/s13197-015-2161-0
PMID:	27407183

Late cardiac sodium current can be assessed using automated patch-clamp

Chevalier M, Amuzescu B, Gawali V, Todt H, Knott T, Scheel O, Abriel H

F1000Res

16-Oct-2014

PMCID:	PMC4215750
doi:	10.12688/f1000research.5544.1
PMID:	25383189

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
Vanillic Acid	8468	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O	168.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
N-Trans-feruloyltramine	5280537	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=CC(=O)NCCC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O	313.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans / Tetrahydrofuran lignans / 9,9-epoxylignans / Dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans
Matairesinol	119205	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)CC2COC(=O)C2CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)OC)O	358.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Acyclic diterpenoids
Phytol	5280435	Click to see CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(=CCO)C	296.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eudesmane, isoeudesmane or cycloeudesmane sesquiterpenoids
beta-EUDESMOL	91457	Click to see CC12CCCC(=C)C1CC(CC2)C(C)(C)O	222.37	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Germacrane sesquiterpenoids
(1S,4S,7S,8E,10S)-7-methyl-3-methylidene-10-propan-2-ylcyclodec-8-ene-1,4,7-triol	163016716	Click to see CC(C)C1C=CC(CCC(C(=C)CC1O)O)(C)O	254.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.863
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aR,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-6a-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enyl]-1,2,6b,9,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid	163094600	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)CC(=O)C=CC6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)OC)C(=O)O	632.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.863
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal alkaloids / Cerveratrum-type alkaloids
(1,10,11,12,14,23-Hexahydroxy-6,10,19-trimethyl-24-oxa-4-azaheptacyclo[12.12.0.02,11.04,9.015,25.018,23.019,25]hexacosan-22-yl) 2-methylbut-2-enoate	5658	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CCC2(C3C1(OC24CC5(C6CN7CC(CCC7C(C6(C(CC5(C4CC3)O)O)O)(C)O)C)O)O)C	591.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01118A017
Veratrine	5380394	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CCC2(C3C1(OC24CC5(C6CN7CC(CCC7C(C6(C(CC5(C4CC3)O)O)O)(C)O)C)O)O)C	591.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01118A017
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Cyclic ketones / Cyclohexenones
Monascin	12118082	Click to see CCCCCC(=O)C1C2CC3=C(COC(=C3)C=CC)C(=O)C2(OC1=O)C	358.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Ketones / Beta-hydroxy ketones
2,6-Dimethoxy-1-acetonylquinol	241783	Click to see CC(=O)CC1(C(=CC(=O)C=C1OC)OC)O	226.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Azaphilones
(6S,7R)-6,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S)-2-hydroxypropyl]-7-methyl-5,6-dihydro-1H-isochromen-8-one	6483307	Click to see CC(CC1=CC2=C(CO1)C(=O)C(C(C2)O)(C)O)O	254.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / 2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-[3-hydroxy-5-(6-hydroxy-1-benzofuran-2-yl)phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	162903527	Click to see C1=CC2=C(C=C1O)OC(=C2)C3=CC(=CC(=C3)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	404.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.863
2-[3-Hydroxy-5-(6-hydroxy-5-methoxy-1-benzofuran-2-yl)phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	73118948	Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C=C(O2)C3=CC(=CC(=C3)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	434.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.863
Moracin M-3'-O-glucopyranoside	197721	Click to see C1=CC2=C(C=C1O)OC(=C2)C3=CC(=CC(=C3)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	404.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.863
Schoenoside	11826212	Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C=C(O2)C3=CC(=CC(=C3)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	434.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.863
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives
Scoparone	8417	Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C=CC(=O)O2)OC	206.19	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes
CID 73197	73197	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1O)O)C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O	244.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.863
Oxyresveratrol	5281717	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1O)O)C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O	244.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.863
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes / Stilbene glycosides
(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[4-[(E)-2-[3-hydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]ethenyl]phenoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	162919591	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	552.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.863
(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[2-[(E)-2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]-5-hydroxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	125181820	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)C=CC3=CC(=CC(=C3)O)O	406.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.863
(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[3-[(E)-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]-5-hydroxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	125181576	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1O)O)C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O	406.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.863
(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[3-hydroxy-5-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	29920090	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O	390.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.863
2-[2-[2-(3,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]-5-hydroxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	73122727	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)C=CC3=CC(=CC(=C3)O)O	406.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.863
2-[3-[2-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]-5-hydroxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	78411919	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1O)O)C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O	406.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.863
2-[3-Hydroxy-4-[2-[3-hydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]ethenyl]phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	75183056	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O)C=CC3=CC(=CC(=C3)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	568.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.863
2-[3-Hydroxy-5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)vinyl]phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-3,4,5-triol	393787	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O	390.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.863
Mulberroside A	6443484	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O)C=CC3=CC(=CC(=C3)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	568.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.863
Mulberroside E	10030502	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	552.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.863
Oxyresveratrol 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside	11058597	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)C=CC3=CC(=CC(=C3)O)O	406.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.863
Oxyresveratrol 3'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside	6475174	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1O)O)C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O	406.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.863
Piceid	5281718	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O	390.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.50.863

Biological Material Top

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Schoenocaulon officinale

Table of Contents

Details Top

Description Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Biological Material Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top