Verbena bonariensis
Table of Contents
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643ff064c026c380199456 |
| Scientific name | Verbena bonariensis |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl. : 20 (1753) |
Description Top
Suggest a correction or write a new one!
Verbena bonariensis, also known as purpletop vervain, is a flowering plant in the verbena family. It is native to tropical South America and is cultivated as an annual or perennial in horticulture. The plant has tall stems, fragrant purple flowers, and ovate leaves. Its name is derived from Latin and Celtic words, and its specific epithet refers to its origin in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is a member of the South American vervains and has two subspecies. V. bonariensis is commonly grown as an ornamental plant in gardens and parks, and is known for attracting butterflies and providing nectar for bees. It is hardy in USDA Zones 7-11 and can be grown as an annual in colder climates. However, its ability to self-seed has raised concerns about it becoming an invasive species in some areas.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Verbena bonariensis f. albiflora | Moldenke | Phytologia 3: 117 (1949) |
| Verbena bonariensis var. conglomerata | Briq. | Ark. Bot. 2(10): 11 (1904) |
| Verbena bonariensis var. hispida | Moldenke | Phytologia 33(6): 374. 1976 |
| Verbena bonariensis var. longibracteata | Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 255 (1898) |
| Verbena bonariensis f. robustior | Chodat | Bull. Herb. Boissier , sér. 2, 2: 817 (1902) |
| Verbena elongata | Salisb. | Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 71 (1796) |
| Verbena inamoena | Briq. | Bull. Herb. Boissier , sér. 2, 4: 1058 (1904) |
| Verbena intercedens | Briq. | Bull. Herb. Boissier , sér. 2, 4: 1057 (1904) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | purpletop vervain |
| English | tall verbena |
| English | pretty verbena |
| English | clustertop vervain |
| Arabic | رعي الحمام الأمريكي |
| Azerbaijani | buenos-ayres minaçiçəyi |
| Czech | sporýš klasnatý |
| Welsh | ferfain yr ariannin |
| Danish | kæmpe-jernurt |
| German | patagonisches eisenkraut |
| German | schleier-eisenkraut |
| German | argentinische verbene |
| German | argentinisches eisenkraut |
| Persian | شاهپسند ارغوانی |
| French | verveine de buenos-aires |
| Japanese | ヤナギハナガサ |
| Lithuanian | patagoninė verbena |
| Dutch | stijf ijzerhard |
| Russian | Вербена буэнос-айресская |
| Slovak | železník argentínsky |
| Swedish | jätteverbena |
| Chinese | 柳葉馬鞭草 |
| Chinese | 柳叶马鞭草 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment. |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
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Africa click to expand
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East Tropical Africa
- Kenya
- Tanzania
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Macaronesia
- Azores
- Canary Islands
- Madeira
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Middle Atlantic Ocean
- Saint Helena
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South Tropical Africa
- Angola
- Mozambique
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
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Southern Africa
- Cape Provinces
- Free State
- Kwazulu-Natal
- Lesotho
- Northern Provinces
- Swaziland
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West-central Tropical Africa
- Zaïre
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Western Indian Ocean
- Madagascar
- Mauritius
- Réunion
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East Tropical Africa
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Asia-temperate click to expand
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Eastern Asia
- Korea
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Eastern Asia
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Asia-tropical click to expand
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Indian Subcontinent
- Assam
- East Himalaya
- India
- Pakistan
- West Himalaya
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Malesia
- Borneo
- Malaya
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Indian Subcontinent
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Australasia click to expand
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Australia
- New South Wales
- Norfolk Island
- Northern Territory
- Queensland
- South Australia
- Tasmania
- Victoria
- Western Australia
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New Zealand
- New Zealand North
- New Zealand South
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Australia
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Europe click to expand
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Eastern Europe
- South European Russia
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Middle Europe
- Austria
- Czechoslovakia
- Germany
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Northern Europe
- Great Britain
- Sweden
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Southeastern Europe
- Italy
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Southwestern Europe
- Portugal
- Spain
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Eastern Europe
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Northern America click to expand
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North-central U.S.A.
- Illinois
- Missouri
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Northeastern U.S.A.
- Massachusetts
- New York
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Northwestern U.S.A.
- Oregon
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Southeastern U.S.A.
- Alabama
- Arkansas
- Georgia
- Louisiana
- Maryland
- Mississippi
- North Carolina
- South Carolina
- Tennessee
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Southwestern U.S.A.
- California
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North-central U.S.A.
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Pacific click to expand
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North-central Pacific
- Hawaii
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South-central Pacific
- Easter Island
- Tubuai Islands
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Southwestern Pacific
- Fiji
- New Caledonia
- Niue
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North-central Pacific
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Southern America click to expand
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Brazil
- Brazil South
- Brazil Southeast
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Caribbean
- Bahamas
- Bermuda
- Jamaica
- Puerto Rico
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Southern South America
- Argentina Northeast
- Argentina Northwest
- Argentina South
- Chile Central
- Chile North
- Chile South
- Paraguay
- Uruguay
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Western South America
- Bolivia
- Ecuador
- Peru
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Brazil
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000331695 |
| Flora of Alabama | 3690 |
| Canadensys | 9459 |
| USDA Plants | VEBO |
| Tropicos | 33700509 |
| INPN | 128748 |
| Flora of Italy | 4392 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:286794-2 |
| The Plant List | kew-212118 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 267434 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 287454 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 595183 |
| Observations.org | 9229 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 28516 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0000034355 |
| Nature Serve | 2.132431 |
| IPNI | 286794-2 |
| iNaturalist | 79487 |
| GBIF | 2925514 |
| Freebase | /m/02z3n68 |
| EPPO | VEBBO |
| EOL | 579783 |
| Calflora (Californian flora) | 8228 |
| USDA GRIN | 41154 |
| Wikipedia | Verbena_bonariensis |
| CMAUP | NPO23186 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| Betulinic Acid | 64971 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C(=O)O | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Canophyllol | 7330581 | Click to see CC1C(=O)CCC2C1(CCC3C2(CCC4(C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)CO)C)C)C)C | 442.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Epifriedelanol | 119242 | Click to see CC1C(CCC2C1(CCC3C2(CCC4(C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C)C)C)C)C)O | 428.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Friedelane | 15559345 | Click to see CC1CCCC2C1(CCC3C2(CCC4(C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C)C)C)C)C | 412.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| Stigmasterol | 5280794 | Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C | 412.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones | |||||
| 1,5-Dihydroxyxanthone | 5480299 | Click to see C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)OC3=CC=CC(=C3C2=O)O | 228.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Buchanaxanthone | 5481840 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC2=C1OC3=CC=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O | 258.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Euxanthone | 5281631 | Click to see C1=CC(=C2C(=C1)OC3=C(C2=O)C=C(C=C3)O)O | 228.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones / 2-prenylated xanthones | |||||
| 1,3,5-Trihydroxy-2-prenyl-9H-xanthene-9-one | 9995643 | Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C2=C(C=C1O)OC3=C(C2=O)C=CC=C3O)O)C | 312.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones / 8-prenylated xanthones | |||||
| Calabaxanthone | 341188 | Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C=CC2=C1C(=O)C3=C(C4=C(C=C3O2)OC(C=C4)(C)C)O)OC)C | 392.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones / Pyranoxanthones | |||||
| 6-Deoxyjacareubin | 5281629 | Click to see CC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C=C3C(=C2O)C(=O)C4=C(O3)C(=CC=C4)O)C | 310.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Jacareubin | 5281644 | Click to see CC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C=C3C(=C2O)C(=O)C4=C(O3)C(=C(C=C4)O)O)C | 326.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Pyranocoumarins / Angular pyranocoumarins | |||||
| (10S,11S)-10,11,16,16-tetramethyl-6-propyl-3,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[12.4.0.02,7.08,13]octadeca-1,5,7,13,17-pentaene-4,12-dione | 12444385 | Click to see CCCC1=CC(=O)OC2=C3C=CC(OC3=C4C(=O)C(C(OC4=C12)C)C)(C)C | 368.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Neoflavonoids / Prenylated neoflavonoids | |||||
| (10R,11R)-10,11,16,16-tetramethyl-6-phenyl-3,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[12.4.0.02,7.08,13]octadeca-1,5,7,13,17-pentaene-4,12-dione | 11014914 | Click to see CC1C(OC2=C3C(=CC(=O)OC3=C4C=CC(OC4=C2C1=O)(C)C)C5=CC=CC=C5)C | 402.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |