Verbena bonariensis
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643ff064c026c380199456 |
| Scientific name | Verbena bonariensis |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl. : 20 (1753) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Whole plants are produced by commercial nurseries and sold as ornamental garden plants, valued for their tall, airy inflorescences and pollinator‑friendly habit.
- Cut inflorescence stems are marketed to florists and hobbyist markets; they are used as texture elements in fresh floral arrangements.
- Seedlings are supplied in trays for landscape and container plantings.
Properties relevant to use:
- The species shows prolonged vase life when cut; the relatively low transpiration rate and stiff, upright stems help maintain freshness for several days.
- Plants tolerate drought and poor soils, reducing the need for intensive irrigation and fertilizer in production systems.
Standards and regulation:
- Cut flower packaging and grading follow ISO 11201‑1 (General requirements) and ISO 11201‑2 (Specific requirements for cut flower types).
- Import and movement of Verbena bonariensis are subject to regional plant health regulations, e.g., the EU Plant Health Directive (EU 2016/2031) and the United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) phytosanitary requirements.
- Trade in nursery stock complies with International Federation of Nursery Stock (IFNS) labeling guidelines for plant identity and provenance.
Sustainability and sourcing:
- Commercial propagation is primarily by seed and vegetative cuttings; seed production requires minimal inputs compared with many ornamental perennials.
- The plant’s drought tolerance allows cultivation under water‑efficient irrigation regimes, and it is often grown in integrated pest‑management programs to limit chemical use.
- While the species is not listed as invasive in most temperate regions, some jurisdictions monitor its spread; propagation focuses on non‑invasive cultivars and responsible sourcing to avoid escape into natural habitats.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Verbena bonariensis f. albiflora | Moldenke | Phytologia 3: 117 (1949) |
| Verbena bonariensis var. conglomerata | Briq. | Ark. Bot. 2(10): 11 (1904) |
| Verbena bonariensis var. hispida | Moldenke | Phytologia 33(6): 374. 1976 |
| Verbena bonariensis var. longibracteata | Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 255 (1898) |
| Verbena bonariensis f. robustior | Chodat | Bull. Herb. Boissier , sér. 2, 2: 817 (1902) |
| Verbena elongata | Salisb. | Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 71 (1796) |
| Verbena inamoena | Briq. | Bull. Herb. Boissier , sér. 2, 4: 1058 (1904) |
| Verbena intercedens | Briq. | Bull. Herb. Boissier , sér. 2, 4: 1057 (1904) |
| Verbena trichotoma | Moench | Suppl. Meth. : 131 (1802) |
| Verbena bonariensis var. hispida | Rendle | J. Bot. 42: 370 (1904) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | purpletop vervain |
| English | tall verbena |
| English | pretty verbena |
| English | clustertop vervain |
| Arabic | رعي الحمام الأمريكي |
| Azerbaijani | buenos-ayres minaçiçəyi |
| Czech | sporýš klasnatý |
| Welsh | ferfain yr ariannin |
| Danish | kæmpe-jernurt |
| German | patagonisches eisenkraut |
| German | schleier-eisenkraut |
| German | argentinische verbene |
| German | argentinisches eisenkraut |
| Persian | شاهپسند ارغوانی |
| Finnish | jättiverbena |
| French | verveine de buenos-aires |
| Indonesian | sekulah bromo |
| Japanese | ヤナギハナガサ |
| Lithuanian | patagoninė verbena |
| Dutch | stijf ijzerhard |
| Russian | Вербена буэнос-айресская |
| Slovak | železník argentínsky |
| Slovenian | patagonski sporiš |
| Swedish | jätteverbena |
| Chinese | 柳葉馬鞭草 |
| Chinese | 柳叶马鞭草 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment. |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Africa click to expand
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East Tropical Africa
- Kenya
- Tanzania
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Macaronesia
- Azores
- Canary Islands
- Madeira
-
Middle Atlantic Ocean
- Saint Helena
-
South Tropical Africa
- Angola
- Mozambique
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
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Southern Africa
- Cape Provinces
- Free State
- Kwazulu-Natal
- Lesotho
- Northern Provinces
- Swaziland
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West-central Tropical Africa
- Zaïre
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Western Indian Ocean
- Madagascar
- Mauritius
- Réunion
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East Tropical Africa
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
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Eastern Asia
- Korea
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Eastern Asia
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Asia-tropical click to expand
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Indian Subcontinent
- Assam
- East Himalaya
- India
- Pakistan
- West Himalaya
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Malesia
- Borneo
- Malaya
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Indian Subcontinent
-
Australasia click to expand
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Australia
- New South Wales
- Norfolk Island
- Northern Territory
- Queensland
- South Australia
- Tasmania
- Victoria
- Western Australia
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New Zealand
- New Zealand North
- New Zealand South
-
Australia
-
Europe click to expand
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Eastern Europe
- South European Russia
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Middle Europe
- Austria
- Czechoslovakia
- Germany
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Northern Europe
- Great Britain
- Sweden
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Southeastern Europe
- Italy
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Southwestern Europe
- Portugal
- Spain
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Eastern Europe
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Northern America click to expand
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North-central U.S.A.
- Illinois
- Missouri
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Northeastern U.S.A.
- Massachusetts
- New York
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Northwestern U.S.A.
- Oregon
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Southeastern U.S.A.
- Alabama
- Arkansas
- Georgia
- Louisiana
- Maryland
- Mississippi
- North Carolina
- South Carolina
- Tennessee
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Southwestern U.S.A.
- California
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North-central U.S.A.
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Pacific click to expand
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North-central Pacific
- Hawaii
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South-central Pacific
- Easter Island
- Tubuai Islands
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Southwestern Pacific
- Fiji
- New Caledonia
- Niue
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North-central Pacific
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Southern America click to expand
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Brazil
- Brazil South
- Brazil Southeast
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Caribbean
- Bahamas
- Bermuda
- Jamaica
- Puerto Rico
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Southern South America
- Argentina Northeast
- Argentina Northwest
- Argentina South
- Chile Central
- Chile North
- Chile South
- Paraguay
- Uruguay
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Western South America
- Bolivia
- Ecuador
- Peru
-
Brazil
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000331695 |
| Flora of Alabama | 3690 |
| Canadensys | 9459 |
| USDA Plants | VEBO |
| Tropicos | 33700509 |
| INPN | 128748 |
| Flora of Italy | 4392 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:286794-2 |
| The Plant List | kew-212118 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 267434 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 287454 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 595183 |
| Observations.org | 9229 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 28516 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0000034355 |
| Nature Serve | 2.132431 |
| IPNI | 286794-2 |
| iNaturalist | 79487 |
| GBIF | 2925514 |
| Freebase | /m/02z3n68 |
| EPPO | VEBBO |
| EOL | 579783 |
| Calflora (Californian flora) | 8228 |
| USDA GRIN | 41154 |
| Wikipedia | Verbena_bonariensis |
| CMAUP | NPO23186 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| Betulinic Acid | 64971 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Canophyllol | 7330581 | Click to see | 442.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Epifriedelanol | 119242 | Click to see | 428.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Friedelane | 15559345 | Click to see | 412.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| Stigmasterol | 5280794 | Click to see | 412.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones | |||||
| 1,5-Dihydroxyxanthone | 5480299 | Click to see C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)OC3=CC=CC(=C3C2=O)O | 228.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Buchanaxanthone | 5481840 | Click to see | 258.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Euxanthone | 5281631 | Click to see | 228.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones / 2-prenylated xanthones | |||||
| 1,3,5-Trihydroxy-2-prenyl-9H-xanthene-9-one | 9995643 | Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C2=C(C=C1O)OC3=C(C2=O)C=CC=C3O)O)C | 312.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones / 8-prenylated xanthones | |||||
| Calabaxanthone | 341188 | Click to see | 392.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones / Pyranoxanthones | |||||
| 6-Deoxyjacareubin | 5281629 | Click to see | 310.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Jacareubin | 5281644 | Click to see CC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C=C3C(=C2O)C(=O)C4=C(O3)C(=C(C=C4)O)O)C | 326.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Pyranocoumarins / Angular pyranocoumarins | |||||
| (10S,11S)-10,11,16,16-tetramethyl-6-propyl-3,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[12.4.0.02,7.08,13]octadeca-1,5,7,13,17-pentaene-4,12-dione | 12444385 | Click to see | 368.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Neoflavonoids / Prenylated neoflavonoids | |||||
| (10R,11R)-10,11,16,16-tetramethyl-6-phenyl-3,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[12.4.0.02,7.08,13]octadeca-1,5,7,13,17-pentaene-4,12-dione | 11014914 | Click to see | 402.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |