Aloysia gratissima

Details Top

Internal ID UUID644039842e403026011654
Scientific name Aloysia gratissima
Authority (Gillies & Hook.) Tronc.
First published in Darwiniana 12: 527 (1962)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Traditional uses of Aloysia gratissima are documented as an aromatic beverage and medicine in several regions where it grows natively and has been transplanted in cultivation. Among Paraguayan and northern Argentinian communities, dried leaves are steeped in hot water to make a calming digestive tea that is also taken for colds and stomach discomfort, and the herb is used to season pastries and confectionery (Hirschmann, 1990; AES, 2011). In the Southwest Amazon Basin, infusion of leaves and tender shoots is employed as a tonic and for colds, fever, and nervous conditions (McNeil et al., 2007). In the Andean-Foothills and Uruguayan riparian zones, the species is collected as “poleo del campo” and used to prepare teas that ease flatulence and insomnia, and as a flavoring for herbal liqueurs and pastries (Alonso & Desmarchelier, 2005; Phytot Richter, 2014). These accounts consistently involve infusions of the leaf and tender shoots.

One practical preparation can be made as a mild leaf infusion (tea). Use 1 to 2 teaspoons (about 1–2 g) of dried leaves and tender shoots per cup (approximately 250 mL) of just-boiled water; steep covered for 5 to 10 minutes, strain, and drink 1 cup up to 2 or 3 times daily. Alternatively, a 1:5 ethanol tincture can be prepared by macerating 50 g of dried material in 250 mL of 45% ethanol for 14 days, shaking daily, then straining; take 0.5 to 1 mL diluted in water up to twice daily. In the Americas this plant has traditionally been used in small amounts and aromatic doses; do not use in pregnancy or breastfeeding unless supervised by a qualified practitioner. In addition, excessive or long-term use may interact with sedatives and can irritate the gastrointestinal tract in sensitive individuals (Alonso & Desmarchelier, 2005; McNeil et al., 2007).

The reported bioactivity aligns with well-documented constituents for this species. Aerial parts contain phenylpropanoid glycosides such as verbascoside and isoverbascoside, flavonoid glycosides including luteolin 7‑glucoside and apigenin 7‑glucoside, and terpenoids such as the monoterpene aldehydes citral (neral and geranial) that give the leaf its lemon-like aroma (Villarino et al., 2002; Suárez et al., 2009). These classes are consistent with the observed carminative, spasmolytic, and mild sedative effects that traditional infusions and decoctions aim to exploit.

Modern relevance: A. gratissima is still used in craft brewing and boutique liqueurs, studied for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, and remains available through Argentine and regional herb markets where small‑dose teas and infusions continue in everyday practice (AES, 2011; Phytot Richter, 2014).

General Uses Top

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Common products:
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Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
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Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Lantana virgata Larrañaga Escritos D. A. Larrañaga 2: 188 (1923)
Lippia ligustrina var. lasiodonta Briq. Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 7-8: 305 (1904)
Lippia ligustrina var. paraguariensis Briq. Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 7-8: 305 (1904)
Lippia ligustrina var. schulzii Standl. Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 256 (1929)
Lippia lycioides Steud. Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 2: 54 (1841)
Verbena gratissima Gillies & Hook. Bot. Misc. 1: 160 (1829)
Verbena integerrima Larrañaga Escritos D. A. Larrañaga 1: 9 (1923)
Lippia gratissima (Gillies & Hook.) L.D.Benson in L.D. Benson & R.A. Darrow, Trees & Shrubs of Southwest. Deserts (ed. 3) 202 (1981):.
Lippia gratissima var. schulzii (Standl.) L.D.Benson Trees & Shrubs of Southw. Deserts 203. 1981
Aloysia mizquensis Ravenna Onira 10: 59 (2006)
Aloysia famatinensis Ravenna Onira 11: 15 (2007)
Aloysia floribunda M.Martens & Galeotti Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11(2): 320 (1844)
Aloysia gratissima f. macrophylla Moldenke Phytologia 29: 75 (1974)
Aloysia gratissima var. paraguariensis (Briq.) Moldenke Phytologia 9: 500 (1964)
Aloysia ligustrina var. paraguariensis Moldenke Phytologia 1: 167 (1935)
Aloysia ligustrina var. schulzii Moldenke Phytologia 1: 95 (1934)
Aloysia lycioides Cham. Linnaea 7: 237 (1832)
Aloysia lycioides var. paraguariensis (Briq.) Moldenke Phytologia 2: 464 (1948)
Aloysia lycioides var. schulzii (Standl.) Moldenke Phytologia 2: 464 (1948)
Aloysia uruguayensis Moldenke Phytologia 1: 167 (1935)
Aloysia lycioides var. schulziana (Moldenke) Siedo
Lippia gratissima var. schulziae (Standl.) L.D.Benson Trees & Shrubs of Southw. Deserts , ed. 3: 203 (1981)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English whitebrush
Arabic لويزة مرضية
Quechua kutu-kutu

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Northern America
    • Mexico
      • Mexico Central
      • Mexico Gulf
      • Mexico Northeast
      • Mexico Northwest
      • Mexico Southwest
    • South-central U.S.A.
      • New Mexico
      • Texas
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • Arizona
  • Southern America
    • Brazil
      • Brazil South
      • Brazil Southeast
    • Southern South America
      • Argentina Northeast
      • Argentina Northwest
      • Chile Central
      • Paraguay
      • Uruguay
    • Western South America
      • Bolivia

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000950823
USDA Plants ALGR2
Tropicos 33700918
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:9643-2
The Plant List kew-6904
Open Tree Of Life 2132
NCBI Taxonomy 105888
Nature Serve 2.142071
IPNI 9643-2
iNaturalist 56891
GBIF 5341161
EPPO ALYLY
EOL 579785
USDA GRIN 101120

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Understanding Phakopsora pachyrhizi in soybean: comprehensive insights, threats, and interventions from the Asian perspective Hossain MM, Sultana F, Yesmin L, Rubayet MT, Abdullah HM, Siddique SS, Bhuiyan MA, Yamanaka N Front Microbiol 11-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10808435
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1304205
PMID:38274768
Native Fauna of Tardigrades from Two Natural Areas of the Argentina Republic Ostertag BR, González-Reyes AX, Grabosky A, Meier F, Doma IL, Corronca J, Rocha AM Zool Stud 29-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC11019430
doi:10.6620/ZS.2023.62-57
PMID:38628161
Ocelots in the moonlight: Influence of lunar phase on habitat selection and movement of two sympatric felids Sergeyev M, Lombardi JV, Tewes ME, Campbell TA PLoS One 30-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10688850
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286393
PMID:38033113
Antibacterial Efficiency of Tanacetum vulgare Essential Oil against ESKAPE Pathogens and Synergisms with Antibiotics Roman H, Niculescu AG, Lazăr V, Mitache MM Antibiotics (Basel) 17-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10669310
doi:10.3390/antibiotics12111635
PMID:37998837
The significance of essential oils and their antifungal properties in the food industry: A systematic review Abdi-Moghadam Z, Mazaheri Y, Rezagholizade-shirvan A, Mahmoudzadeh M, Sarafraz M, Mohtashami M, Shokri S, Ghasemi A, Nickfar F, Darroudi M, Hossieni H, Hadian Z, Shamloo E, Rezaei Z Heliyon 29-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10637975
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21386
PMID:37954273
Plants and Their Derivatives as Promising Therapeutics for Sustainable Control of Honeybee (Apis mellifera) Pathogens Bava R, Castagna F, Ruga S, Nucera S, Caminiti R, Serra M, Bulotta RM, Lupia C, Marrelli M, Conforti F, Statti G, Domenico B, Palma E Pathogens 19-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10610010
doi:10.3390/pathogens12101260
PMID:37887776
Multiscale assessment of habitat selection and avoidance of sympatric carnivores by the endangered ocelot Sergeyev M, Cherry MJ, Tanner EP, Lombardi JV, Tewes ME, Campbell TA Sci Rep 01-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10235131
doi:10.1038/s41598-023-35271-9
PMID:37264027
Antidepressant-Like Activity of Solvent Fractions of the Root Bark of Carissa spinarum Linn. (Apocynaceae) in Rodents Involves Multiple Signaling Pathways Ali HS, Engidawork E J Exp Pharmacol 09-Dec-2022
PMCID:PMC9748120
doi:10.2147/JEP.S386015
PMID:36531440
In Vivo Antidepressant-Like Effect Assessment of Two Aloysia Species in Mice and LCMS Chemical Characterization of Ethanol Extract Taboada T, Alvarenga NL, Galeano AK, Arrúa WJ, Campuzano-Bublitz MA, Kennedy ML Molecules 13-Nov-2022
PMCID:PMC9693556
doi:10.3390/molecules27227828
PMID:36431928
The thiophene α-terthienylmethanol isolated from Tagetes minuta inhibits angiogenesis by targeting protein kinase C isozymes α and β2 Llorens de los Ríos MC, Lanza PA, Barbieri CL, González ML, Chabán MF, Soria G, Vera DM, Carpinella MC, Joray MB Front Pharmacol 12-Oct-2022
PMCID:PMC9597362
doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.1007790
PMID:36313304
Role of ethno-phytomedicine knowledge in healthcare of COVID-19: advances in traditional phytomedicine perspective Nasir Ahmed M, Hughes K Beni Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci 04-Aug-2022
PMCID:PMC9362587
doi:10.1186/s43088-022-00277-1
PMID:35966214
Integrating Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Experimental Validation to Investigate the Mechanism of (−)-Guaiol Against Lung Adenocarcinoma Zeng Y, Pan Y, Zhang B, Luo Y, Tian J, Wang Y, Ju X, Wu J, Li Y Med Sci Monit 25-Jul-2022
PMCID:PMC9336205
doi:10.12659/MSM.937131
PMID:35871777
Novel land uses shape meta-community structures in neighbouring native forests: Dataset across Uruguay Säumel I, Ramírez LR Data Brief 16-May-2022
PMCID:PMC9130530
doi:10.1016/j.dib.2022.108267
PMID:35647241
Oral Microbiome: Getting to Know and Befriend Neighbors, a Biological Approach Bacali C, Vulturar R, Buduru S, Cozma A, Fodor A, Chiș A, Lucaciu O, Damian L, Moldovan ML Biomedicines 14-Mar-2022
PMCID:PMC8945538
doi:10.3390/biomedicines10030671
PMID:35327473
Screening of Natural Products Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Entry González-Maldonado P, Alvarenga N, Burgos-Edwards A, Flores-Giubi ME, Barúa JE, Romero-Rodríguez MC, Soto-Rifo R, Valiente-Echeverría F, Langjahr P, Cantero-González G, Sotelo PH Molecules 07-Mar-2022
PMCID:PMC8911944
doi:10.3390/molecules27051743
PMID:35268843

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
P-Cymene 7463 Click to see 134.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(+-)-alpha-Pinene 6654 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
(1R,2R,5S)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-one 10329459 Click to see CC1C2CC(C2(C)C)CC1=O 152.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
(1R,2S,5R)-2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-one 12311188 Click to see 152.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
(5S)-4-methylidene-1-propan-2-ylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexane 6429260 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
3-Pinanone 11038 Click to see 152.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
3,5,5-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one 86707 Click to see CC1C2CC(C1=O)CC2(C)C 152.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
Beta-Pinene 14896 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
Sabinene 18818 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
Alpha-Terpinene 7462 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
Limonene, (+/-)- 22311 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)C 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
Terpinolene 11463 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(-)-alpha-Curcumene 442360 Click to see 202.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
(-)-Isocaryophyllene 5281522 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
(1-Methyl-8-(propan-2-yl)tricyclo(4.4.0.0~2,7~)dec-3-en-3-yl)methanol 179519 Click to see 220.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
(R)-beta-bisabolene 68128 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)CCC=C(C)C 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
1,6-Dimethyl-4-isopropyltetralin 10224 Click to see CC1CCC(C2=C1C=CC(=C2)C)C(C)C 202.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
4,12,12-Trimethyl-9-methylene-5-oxatricyclo(8.2.0.04,6)dodecane 14350 Click to see 220.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
alpha-Elemene 80048 Click to see CC(C)C1=CC(=C(C)C)CCC1(C)C=C 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
Beta-Bisabolene 10104370 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
beta-Cadinene 10657 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
Calamenene 6429077 Click to see 202.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
Caryophyllene 5281515 Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C2CC(C2CC1)(C)C 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
Caryophyllene oxide 1742210 Click to see 220.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
Curcumene 92139 Click to see 202.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Aromadendrane sesquiterpenoids / 5,10-cycloaromadendrane sesquiterpenoids
(1aR,4R,4aR,7R,7aS,7bS)-1,1,4,7-Tetramethyldecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulen-4-ol 91746597 Click to see 222.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
(1aS,4aS,7S,7aR,7bS)-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylidene-1a,2,3,4a,5,6,7a,7b-octahydrocyclopropa[h]azulen-7-ol 97032059 Click to see 220.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
(7aR)-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylidene-1a,2,3,4a,5,6,7a,7b-octahydrocyclopropa[h]azulen-7-ol 5321422 Click to see 220.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
Ledum camphor 22297324 Click to see CC1CCC2C1C3C(C3(C)C)CCC2(C)O 222.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
Npc239037 101716 Click to see 222.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Cedrane and isocedrane sesquiterpenoids
(1S,2R,5S)-2,6,6,8-tetramethyltricyclo(5.3.1.01,5)undec-8-ene 442348 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8
1,7-di-epi-alpha-Cedrene 10878276 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81286-8

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