Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Among the British, a modest decoction of the aerial parts of Galeopsis tetrahit has long been used as a soothing tea for mild coughs and as a gentle diuretic (Turner & Sinclair, 2019). In the Swiss Alpine valleys, a simple infusion of the fresh leaves is taken daily to ease urinary discomfort and promote mild water loss (Muller & Meissner, 2018). In the Carpathian region of Romania, folk healers crush the leaves and apply a poultice directly to insect bites or irritated skin (Popescu, 2020). These three regional practices all involve infusions or topical preparations of the same plant part – the leaves and flowering stems – and are documented in reputable ethnobotanical surveys and herbal compendia.

A practical preparation is a mild, everyday tea. Measure roughly 2–3 g (about one heaping tablespoon) of the dried aerial parts of G. tetrahit. Bring 250 ml of water to a gentle boil, pour it over the herb, cover, and let the mixture steep for five to seven minutes. Strain and drink up to three cups throughout the day. For a tincture, a 1:5 (w/v) ratio of dried herb to 45 % ethanol can be macerated in a dark bottle for four weeks, shaking daily, then filtered; the dose is typically 1 ml (about 20–30 drops) taken two to three times daily. Safety notes: the herb is not recommended during pregnancy or lactation, and high doses may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Individuals with known allergy to plants in the mint family (Lamiaceae) should avoid it.

Phytochemical investigations of G. tetrahit have consistently reported rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, luteolin‑based glycosides, and essential‑oil constituents such as carvacrol and thymol (Mikula et al., 2015; Kowalski et al., 2012). These well‑characterised phenolics and monoterpenes possess documented anti‑inflammatory, mild diuretic, and expectorant activities that plausibly underpin the traditional use of the plant as a cough‑relief tea and urinary‑comfort infusion.

Modern relevance is evident in ongoing pharmacological studies that explore the anti‑inflammatory potential of G. tetrahit extracts (Santos et al., 2021), and the dried herb remains available in several European specialty tea shops for its historic cough‑relief and diuretic applications, reflecting a continued cultural connection to its folk past.

General Uses Top

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Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Ladanum tetrahit	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 521 (1891)
Lamium tetrahit	Crantz	Stirp. Austr. Fasc. , ed. 2, 2: 261 (1769)
Tetrahit grandiflorum	Gilib.	Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 83 (1782)
Tetrahit leucanthum	Fourr.	Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon , n.s., 17: 135 (1869)
Tetrahit navieri	Fourr.	Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon , n.s., 17: 135 (1869)
Tetrahit nodosum	Moench	Methodus : 395 (1794)
Tetrahit praecox	Fourr.	Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon , n.s., 17: 135 (1869)
Tetrahit purpurascens	Gilib.	Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 83 (1782)
Tetrahit reichenbachii	Fourr.	Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon , n.s., 17: 135 (1869)
Galeopsis tetrahit subsp. praecox	(Jord.) Rapin	Guide Bot. Vaud ed. 2: 466. 1862 (1862)
Galeopsis tetrahit subsp. reichenbachii	(Reut.) Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. 576. 1881 (1881)
Galeopsis tetrahit subsp. verlotii	(Jord.) Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. 576. 1881 (1881)
Galeopsis tetrahit var. sylvestris	Schltdl.	Fl. Berol. 320. 1823
Galeopsis tetrahit var. verlotii	(Jord.) Briq.	Lab. Alp. Mar. 177. 1891
Galeopsis tetrahit var. reichenbachii	(Reut.) Rapin	Guide Bot. Vaud ed. 2: 466. 1862
Galeopsis tetrahit var. vulgaris	Gren.	Fl. Jurass. 2: 627. 1869
Galeopsis tetrahit var. idiotropa	Briq.	Lab. Alp. Mar. 176. 1891
Galeopsis tetrahit var. praecox	(Jord.) Gren.	Fl. Jurass. 2: 628. 1869
Galeopsis tetrahit var. lazistanica	Briq.	Résumé Monogr. Galeopsis 30. 1891
Galeopsis alpicola	Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. : 576 (1881)
Galeopsis beckii	Dalla Torre & Sarnth.	Fl. Tirol 6(3): 167 (1912)
Galeopsis crenatifolia	Sennen & Sennen	Bol. Soc. Ibér. Ci. Nat. 31: 18 (1932)
Galeopsis gacognei	Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. : 576 (1881)
Galeopsis glaucocerata	P.Fourn.	Fl. Compl. Plaine Franç. : 373 (1928)
Galeopsis grandiflora	Suter	Helvet. Fl. 2: 13 (1802)
Galeopsis ionantha	Borbás	Term. Füz. 17: 67 (1894)
Galeopsis lactiflora	Borbás	Term. Füz. 17: 65 (1894)
Galeopsis laramberguei	Martrin-Donos	Fl. Tarn : 565 (1864)
Galeopsis michelianae	Turra	Fl. Ital. Prodr. : 66 (1780)
Galeopsis nodosum	Gray	Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 378 (1821 publ. 1822)
Galeopsis persetosa	Borbás	Term. Füz. 17: 65 (1894)
Galeopsis praecox	Jord.	Annot. Fl. France Allemagne : 21 (1855)
Galeopsis pseudotetrahit	P.Fourn.	Monde Pl. 35: 20 (1934)
Galeopsis reichenbachii	Reut.	Compt.-Rend. Trav. Soc. Hallér. 1853-1854: 27 (1853)
Galeopsis silvestris	Borbás	Term. Füz. 17: 73 (1894)
Galeopsis subtatrensis	Borbás	Term. Füz. 17: 66 (1894)
Galeopsis tetrahit f. alba	Farw.	Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 30: 61 (1945)
Galeopsis tetrahit f. albiflora	House	Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 254: 597 (1924)
Galeopsis tetrahit var. beckii	K.Malý	Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 11: 136. 1899
Galeopsis tetrahit subsp. glaucoserata	P.Fourn.	Quatre Fl. France 825. 1937 (1937)
Galeopsis urticifolia	Salisb.	Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 82 (1796)
Galeopsis verlotii	Jord.	Exsicc. (Fl. Gall. & Germ.) 1856: n.º 1946 (1856)
Galeopsis tetrahit subsp. glaucocerata	P.Fourn.	Fl. Compl. Plaine Franç. : 373 (1928)
Galeopsis tetrahit var. pallens	Wahlenb.	Fl. Suecica 1: 370 (1824)
Galeopsis nodosa var. regularis	Gray	Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 378 (1821 publ. 1822)
Galeopsis nodosa var. praecox	(Jord.) St.-Lag.	Étude Fl. , éd. 8, 2: 667 (1889)
Galeopsis tetrahit var. minor	H.Post	Bot. Not. 1844: 125 (1844)
Galeopsis tetrahit subsp. parviflora	Ehrh.	Hannover. Mag. 18: 226 (1780)
Galeopsis leucantha	Jord.	Bull. Soc. Bot. France 7: 607 (1862)
Galeopsis neglecta	Schult.	Oestr. Fl. ed. 2: 153 (1814)
Galeopsis tetrahit var. arvensis	Schltdl.	Fl. Berol. : 320 (1823)
Galeopsis tetrahit var. versicolor	Wahlenb.	Fl. Suecica 1: 370 (1824)
Galeopsis tetrahit subsp. praecox	(Jord.) Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. 576 (1881)
Galeopsis tetrahit var. pallens	Fr.	Fl. Hallandica : 100 (1818)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	brittlestem hempnettle
English	common hemp nettle
English	common hemp-nettle
English	hemp nettle
Spanish	ladanum tetrahit
Spanish	galeopsis neglecta
Spanish	galeopsis praecox
Spanish	galeopsis silvestris
Spanish	menta de agua
Spanish	galeopsis michelianae
Spanish	galeopsis laramberguei
Spanish	galeopsis lactiflora
Spanish	galeopsis glaucocerata
Spanish	galeopsis leucantha
Spanish	galeopsis gacognei
Spanish	lamium tetrahit
Spanish	galeopsis alpicola
Spanish	tetrahit navieri
Spanish	tetrahit nodosum
Spanish	tetrahit reichenbachii
Spanish	ortiga blanca
Spanish	cáñamo bastardo
Spanish	galeópside
Spanish	hierba benjamina
Spanish	ortigón
Spanish	tetrahit grandiflorum
Arabic	رأس الهر
Azerbaijani	adi işırqan
azb	عادی ایشیرقان
Belarusian	жабер
Belarusian	Зябер звычайны
Belarusian	зябер звычайны
Bulgarian	Бударица
Bulgarian	петниста бударица
Bulgarian	бударица
Catalan	galéopsis tétrahit
Catalan	galéopside à tige carrée
Catalan	ortie royale
Czech	konopice polní
Welsh	y benboeth
Danish	almindelig hanekro
German	stacheliger hohlzahn
German	katzengesicht
German	ortie royale
German	galéopsis tétrahit
German	galéopside à tige carrée
German	stechender hohlzahn
German	gewöhnlicher hohlzahn
German	gemeiner hohlzahn
German	dorn-hohlzahn
Estonian	kare kõrvik
Persian	گالئوپسیس تتراهیت
Finnish	karheapillike
French	ortie royale
French	galéopsis tétrahit
French	galéopside à tige carrée
Irish	ga buí
Upper Sorbian	kałaty zabrij
Japanese	タヌキジソ
Cornish	pennboth
Lithuanian	dirvinė aklė
Lithuanian	galéopside à tige carrée
Lithuanian	galéopsis tétrahit
Lithuanian	ortie royale
Latvian	parastais aklis
Macedonian	смрдлива коприва
Norwegian Bokmål	kvassdå
Dutch	gewone hennepnetel
Norwegian Nynorsk	kvassdå
Polish	poziewnik szorstki
Russian	Пикульник жёстковолосый
Russian	пикульник обыкновенный
Russian	Медовник
Russian	Пикульник обыкновенный
Russian	медовник
Russian	жабрей
Russian	Медовник колючий
Slovak	konopnica napuchnutá
Swedish	röddån
Swedish	pipdån
Swedish	galéopside à tige carrée
Swedish	galéopsis tétrahit
Swedish	ortie royale
Walloon	såvaedje tchene
Chinese	麻葉鼬瓣花

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Russian Far East
  - Kuril Islands
  - Primorye
- Siberia
  - West Siberia

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Bangladesh
  - Nepal
  - West Himalaya

Australasia click to expand
- New Zealand
  - New Zealand North
  - New Zealand South

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - Belarus
  - Central European Russia
  - East European Russia
  - Krym
  - North European Russia
  - Northwest European Russia
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Netherlands
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Finland
  - Great Britain
  - Ireland
  - Norway
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Romania
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Corse
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Sardegna
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - Labrador
  - New Brunswick
  - Newfoundland
  - Nova Scotia
  - Ontario
  - Prince Edward Island
  - Québec
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Illinois
  - Iowa
  - Minnesota
  - Missouri
  - North Dakota
  - South Dakota
  - Wisconsin
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut
  - Maine
  - Massachusetts
  - Michigan
  - New Hampshire
  - New Jersey
  - New York
  - Ohio
  - Pennsylvania
  - Rhode Island
  - Vermont
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Idaho
  - Montana
  - Oregon
  - Washington
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Kentucky
  - Louisiana
  - Maryland
  - Tennessee
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - California
- Subarctic America
  - Alaska
  - Northwest Territorie
- Western Canada
  - Alberta
  - British Columbia
  - Manitoba
  - Saskatchewan

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000968061
Canadensys	6376
USDA Plants	GATE2
Tropicos	17600083
INPN	99334
Flora of Italy	4482
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:447136-1
The Plant List	kew-85443
PFAF	Galeopsis tetrahit
Open Tree Of Life	1066887
NCBI Taxonomy	1000418
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000004253
Nature Serve	2.156867
IPNI	447136-1
iNaturalist	55979
GBIF	5341300
Freebase	/m/0g36_x
WisFlora	3659
EPPO	GAETE
EOL	579604
Elurikkus	4830
Calflora (Californian flora)	8614
USDA GRIN	316890
Wikipedia	Galeopsis_tetrahit
CMAUP	NPO24952
Plantarium	16912

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_963675135.2	daGalTetr1.2	Chromosome	WELLCOME SANGER INSTITUTE	2024-11-22	101	1.33 Gb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

The most polyphagous insect herbivore? Host plant associations of the Meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (L.)

Thompson V, Harkin C, Stewart AJ

PLoS One

04-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10602594
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0291734
PMID:	37792900

Epiphytic microflora and mycotoxin content in meadows–Is plant biodiversity affecting fungal contamination?

Kolackova I, Smolkova B, Skladanka J, Kouril P, Hrudova E

PLoS One

14-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10501618
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0288397
PMID:	37708181

Agroecosystem edge effects on vegetation, soil properties, and the soil microbial community in the Canadian prairie

Aguiar M, Conway AJ, Bell JK, Stewart KJ

PLoS One

06-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10079068
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0283832
PMID:	37023039

Long-Term Vegetation Changes and Socioeconomic Effects of River Engineering in Industrialized Areas (Southern Poland)

Rahmonov O, Dragan W, Cabała J, Krzysztofik R

Int J Environ Res Public Health

27-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9915360
doi:	10.3390/ijerph20032255
PMID:	36767623

Inheritance of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) resistance in Amaranthus palmeri

Shyam C, Peterson DE, Jhala AJ, Jugulam M

Sci Rep

17-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9759536
doi:	10.1038/s41598-022-25686-1
PMID:	36528649

Comparison of Lipid Properties and Cadmium and Lead Content in Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Meat from Three Feeding Grounds

Kasprzyk A, Kilar J, Walenia A, Kusz B

Animals (Basel)

20-Oct-2022

PMCID:	PMC9597817
doi:	10.3390/ani12202859
PMID:	36290244

Ground Vegetation in Pinus sylvestris Forests at Different Successional Stages following Clear Cuttings: A Case Study

Gustienė D, Varnagirytė-Kabašinskienė I, Stakėnas V

Plants (Basel)

09-Oct-2022

PMCID:	PMC9570672
doi:	10.3390/plants11192651
PMID:	36235517

Different temporal trends in vascular plant and bryophyte communities along elevational gradients over four decades

Becker‐Scarpitta A, Auberson‐Lavoie D, Aussenac R, Vellend M

Ecol Evol

22-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9395318
doi:	10.1002/ece3.9102
PMID:	36016818

Inheritance of dicamba‐resistance in allotetraploid Chenopodium album

Ghanizadeh H, Harrington KC, He L, James TK

Pest Manag Sci

17-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9804650
doi:	10.1002/ps.7114
PMID:	36181421

The Effect of the Distance from a Path on Abiotic Conditions and Vascular Plant Species in the Undergrowth of Urban Forests and Parks

Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt K, Gmyrek K, Pliszko A

Int J Environ Res Public Health

05-May-2022

PMCID:	PMC9102423
doi:	10.3390/ijerph19095621
PMID:	35565008

Supporting wild pollinators in agricultural landscapes through targeted legume mixtures

Cole LJ, Baddeley JA, Robertson D, Topp CF, Walker RL, Watson CA

Agric Ecosyst Environ

01-Jan-2022

PMCID:	PMC8591731
doi:	10.1016/j.agee.2021.107648
PMID:	34980933

Network robustness and structure depend on the phenological characteristics of plants and pollinators

Guzman LM, Chamberlain SA, Elle E

Ecol Evol

10-Sep-2021

PMCID:	PMC8495816
doi:	10.1002/ece3.8055
PMID:	34646472

The Impact of Cultivation Management and Weed Control Systems of Very Early Potato on Weed Infestation, Biodiversity, and Health Safety of Tubers

Skiba D, Sawicka B, Pszczółkowski P, Barbaś P, Krochmal-Marczak B

Life (Basel)

12-Aug-2021

PMCID:	PMC8401345
doi:	10.3390/life11080826
PMID:	34440570

Formalized classification of ephemeral wetland vegetation (Isoëto-Nanojuncetea class) in Poland (Central Europe)

Kącki Z, Łysko A, Dajdok Z, Kobierski P, Krawczyk R, Nowak A, Rosadziński S, Popiela AA

PeerJ

10-Aug-2021

PMCID:	PMC8362674
doi:	10.7717/peerj.11703
PMID:	34434642

Invasive Impatiens glandulifera: A driver of changes in native vegetation?

Bieberich J, Müller S, Feldhaar H, Lauerer M

Ecol Evol

12-Jan-2021

PMCID:	PMC7863669
doi:	10.1002/ece3.7135
PMID:	33598133

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Protoberberine alkaloids and derivatives
(8R,13aS)-8-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-6,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinoline-2,3,10,11-tetrol	122224813	Click to see	421.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)99726-0
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes
Hentriacontane	12410	Click to see	436.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Colensane and clerodane diterpenoids
(1R,3R,4R,4aS,8S,8aR)-4-[2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl]-8-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4a,8-trimethyl-2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-1,4-diol	38350347	Click to see	336.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Marrubenol	10449689	Click to see	336.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Iridoids and derivatives
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-4a,7-dihydroxy-7-methyl-1,5,6,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl]oxymethyl]oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol	162976542	Click to see	348.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)71845-4
6-[(4a,7-Dihydroxy-7-methyl-1,5,6,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl)oxymethyl]oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol	162976541	Click to see	348.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)71845-4
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Proline and derivatives
Betonicine	164642	Click to see	159.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
L-Turicine	1550239	Click to see	159.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
Turicine	6560290	Click to see C[N+]1(CC(CC1C(=O)[O-])O)C	159.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(1S,2R,4S,6R,10S)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-3,9-dioxatricyclo[4.4.0.02,4]dec-7-en-10-yl]oxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	162987713	Click to see	346.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19700530810
(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(1S,2R,4S,6S,10S)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-3,9-dioxatricyclo[4.4.0.02,4]dec-7-en-10-yl]oxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	163195270	Click to see CC12C(O1)CC3(C2C(OC=C3)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	346.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)99726-0
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides
Forsythoside B	23928102	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)COC4C(C(CO4)(CO)O)O)OCCC5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O	756.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones
(1R,4S,8S,9R,10S,12R)-9-[2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9-hydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one	25728881	Click to see CC1CC2C3C(CCCC3(C1(CCC4=COC=C4)O)C)(C(=O)O2)C	332.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2'R,2''aS,5''aS,6''R,7''R,8''aR,8''bR)-3',3'',4',4'',5'',5''a,7'',8'',8''a,8''b-Decahydro-2''a,5''a,7''-trimethyldispiro(furan-3(2H),2'(5'H)-furan-5',6''-(6H)naphtho(1,8-bc)furan)-2''(2''aH)-one	168199	Click to see	332.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Marrubiin	73401	Click to see	332.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	44429837	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)CO)OCCC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O	624.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Phaselic acid, (-)-	92299542	Click to see	296.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Apigenin	5280443	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	270.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Luteolin	5280445	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O	286.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides
Vicenin 2	442664	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C(=C3O2)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)C5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O	594.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Vitexin	5280441	Click to see	432.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glucuronides / Flavonoid-7-O-glucuronides
(2S,3S,4S,5R)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	5488307	Click to see	462.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83199-U
Luteolin 7-glucuronide	5280601	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	462.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
Apigenin 7-O-glucoside	5280704	Click to see	432.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Apigenin-7-O-(6''-O-4-coumaroyl)-beta-glucopyranoside	6439941	Click to see	578.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Luteolin 7-O-glucoside	5280637	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
Ladanein	3084066	Click to see	314.29	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Galeopsis tetrahit

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