Ajuga iva
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64403728ee260899582058 |
| Scientific name | Ajuga iva |
| Authority | (L.) Schreb. |
| First published in | Plantarum Verticillatarum Unilabiatarum Genera et Species 1774 |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
The principal commercial product from Ajuga iva is an essential oil obtained by steam distillation of the dried aerial parts.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
The oil is used in perfumery as an aromatic component (base-note blending in chypres and other fragrance families), where it is appreciated for its herbaceous/terpenic profile. It is also employed in flavor and fragrance blends to provide characteristic aromatic cues in consumer goods and fine fragrance contexts (Gattefossé; Parnell).
Properties relevant to use:
Chemical analyses consistently report the oil as rich in monoterpenes, notably α-pinene, limonene, and related hydrocarbons, alongside oxygenated monoterpenes such as camphor and 1,8-cineole. This terpene-rich composition accounts for its fresh, coniferous–herbaceous odor and contributes volatility and diffusiveness in fragrance formulations. In flavor applications, the same monoterpene profile provides aromatic identity in blends, though it is utilized primarily as a minor modifier rather than a primary character-impact compound.
Sustainability and sourcing:
Ajuga iva is harvested from wild populations across the Mediterranean and North Africa. Industrial use relies on manual collection from spontaneous stands, a factor that can drive variability in yield and composition. No evidence indicates cultivation at scale; sustainability concerns center on avoiding overexploitation of wild stocks and maintaining consistent botanical authentication of material entering distillation streams.
Standards and regulation:
No plant- or oil-specific ISO/ASTM/EN standards are documented for Ajuga iva. As with all natural aromatics supplied to flavor and fragrance manufacturers, compliance with IFRA/IOFI guidelines and applicable national regulatory provisions for flavoring/fragrance substances applies.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Abiga cistifolia | St.-Lag. | Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 85 (1880) |
| Moscharia arabica | Vitman | Summa Pl. v. 278. 1791 |
| Moscharia asperidifolia | Forssk. | Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. p. lxxiv. 1775 [1 Oct 1775] |
| Moscharia forskahlii | J.F.Gmel. | Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis]. 2(1): 275. 1791 [late Sep-Nov 1791] |
| Teucrium iva | L. | Sp. Pl. : 563 (1753) |
| Teucrium moschatum | Mill. | Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 15 (1768) |
| Bugula moschata | Bubani | Fl. Pyren. 1: 472 (1897) |
| Bulga iva | Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 512 (1891) |
| Chamaepitys iva | Fourr. | Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon , n.s., 17: 138 (1869) |
| Chamaepitys pseudoiva | Fourr. | Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon , n.s., 17: 138 (1869) |
| Ajuga humilis | Porta | Atti Imp. Regia Accad. Rovereto , ser. 2, 9: 56 (1891) |
| Ajuga iva subsp. pseudoiva | (Robill. & Castagne ex DC.) Briq. | Lab. Alp. Mar. : 112 (1891) |
| Ajuga iva var. pseudoiva | (Robill. & Castagne ex DC.) Steud. | Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 1: 46 (1840) |
| Ajuga iva f. punctata | Radic | Acta Bot. Croat. 33: 225 (1974) |
| Ajuga iva var. spathulifolia | Mutel | Fl. Franç. Herbor. 3: 55. 1836 |
| Ajuga moschata | Mill. ex Schreb. | Pl. Verticill. Unilab. Gen. Sp. : xxvi (1773) |
| Ajuga pseudoiva | Robill. & Castagne ex DC. | Fl. Franç. , ed. 3, 5: 395 (1815) |
| Chamaepitys moschata | Garsault | Fig. Pl. Med. t. 218 (1764) |
| Ajuga iva subsp. humilis | Sennen & Mauricio | Cat. Fl. Rif Orient. 95 (1933) |
| Ajuga iva var. linearifolia | Rouy | Fl. France 11: 234 (1909) |
| Ajuga iva var. robertiana | Maire | Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 312 (1931) |
| Ajuga iva f. cleistogama | Heldr. | Unknown |
| Ajuga pseudoiva var. apetala | Sennen | Bull. Soc. Bot. France 78: 191 (1931) |
| Ajuga iva var. cleistogama | (Heldr.) Pamp. | Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. , n.s., 23: 283 (1916) |
| Ajuga iva prol. pseudoiva | (Robill. & Castagne ex DC.) Rouy | Fl. France 11: 234 (1909) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Spanish | moscharia asperidifolia |
| Spanish | abiga cistifolia |
| Spanish | ajuga moschata |
| Spanish | bulga iva |
| Spanish | ajuga pseudoiva |
| Spanish | teucrium iva |
| Spanish | chamaepitys moschata |
| Spanish | moscharia arabica |
| Spanish | chamaepitys pseudoiva |
| Spanish | chamaepitys iva |
| Spanish | pinillo amizclado |
| Spanish | iva común |
| Spanish | iva comun |
| Spanish | bugula almizclada |
| Spanish | antilide segunda |
| Spanish | hierba de vaca |
| Arabic | سندقورة |
| Arabic | أجوجا |
| Arabic | عجوقة عطرية |
| Catalan | fulla de creu |
| Catalan | iva |
| German | moschus-günsel |
| German | mittelmeer-günsel |
| Croatian | cjelolisna ivica |
| Kabyle | lmesk iẓekwan |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
No distribution data was extracted from POWO/KEW yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000934146 |
| Tropicos | 50288814 |
| INPN | 80983 |
| Flora of Italy | 4416 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:444598-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-5293 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 5793033 |
| Observations.org | 129555 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 2026104 |
| NBN Atlas | NHMSYS0000455715 |
| IPNI | 98446-3 |
| iNaturalist | 71174 |
| GBIF | 7307171 |
| EPPO | AIUIV |
| EOL | 5372930 |
| Elurikkus | 586173 |
| USDA GRIN | 401501 |
| Wikipedia | Ajuga_iva |
| PFAF | Ajuga iva |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (3S,4S,5R)-4-[(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-[(5R,9R,14S,17S)-2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]butyl]-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one | 122130059 | Click to see | 520.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97527-7 |
| (3S,4S,5R)-4-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-[(2S,3R,5R,9R,10R,13R,14S,17S)-2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]butyl]-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one | 44566366 | Click to see | 518.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97527-7 |
| (3S,4S,5R)-4-[(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,5R,9R,10R,13R,14S,17S)-2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]butyl]-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one | 162983657 | Click to see CC1C(C(OC1=O)C)CCC(C)(C2CCC3(C2(CCC4C3=CC(=O)C5C4(CC(C(C5)O)O)C)C)O)O | 504.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97527-7 |
| 4-[3-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-(2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)butyl]-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one | 75072014 | Click to see | 518.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97527-7 |
| 4-[3-hydroxy-3-(2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)butyl]-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one | 162983656 | Click to see CC1C(C(OC1=O)C)CCC(C)(C2CCC3(C2(CCC4C3=CC(=O)C5C4(CC(C(C5)O)O)C)C)O)O | 504.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97527-7 |
| Cyasterone | 119444 | Click to see | 520.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97527-7 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Hydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives | |||||
| (2R,3S,5S,10S,13S,14R,17R)-2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2S,3S,5S)-2,3,6-trihydroxy-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-one | 133562183 | Click to see | 494.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97527-7 |
| (2S,3R,5R,10R,13R,17S)-2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-(2,3,6-trihydroxy-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-one | 5319224 | Click to see CC(CC(C(C)(C1CCC2(C1(CCC3C2=CC(=O)C4C3(CC(C(C4)O)O)C)C)O)O)O)C(C)(C)O | 494.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97527-7 |
| (2S,3R,5R,9R,10R,13R,14S,17S)-2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R,3R)-2,3,6-trihydroxy-6-methyl-5-methylideneheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-one | 13889301 | Click to see | 492.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97527-7 |
| Makisterone A | 12312690 | Click to see | 494.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97527-7 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid lactones / Withanolides and derivatives | |||||
| (2R)-4-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-1-[(2S,3R,5R,9R,10R,13R,14S,17S)-2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]ethyl]-5-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one | 152754669 | Click to see CC1=C(CC(OC1=O)C(C)(C2CCC3(C2(CCC4C3=CC(=O)C5C4(CC(C(C5)O)O)C)C)O)O)C(C)O | 518.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97527-7 |
| 4-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2-[1-hydroxy-1-(2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)ethyl]-5-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one | 162998998 | Click to see CC1=C(CC(OC1=O)C(C)(C2CCC3(C2(CCC4C3=CC(=O)C5C4(CC(C(C5)O)O)C)C)O)O)C(C)O | 518.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97527-7 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives | |||||
| [(1R,2S,3S,4aR,5S,6R,8S,8aR)-5-[(2S,3aS,5S,6aR)-5-ethoxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6a-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-2-yl]-8-acetyloxy-8a-(acetyloxymethyl)-3-hydroxy-5,6-dimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1,2'-oxirane]-2-yl] 2-methylpropanoate | 163188355 | Click to see CCOC1CC2CC(OC2O1)C3(C(CC(C4(C3CC(C(C45CO5)OC(=O)C(C)C)O)COC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)C)C | 582.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1246/CL.1982.1053 |
| [(1R,2S,3S,4aR,5S,6R,8S,8aR)-5-[(3aR,5R,6aS)-2,3,3a,4,5,6a-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-5-yl]-8-acetyloxy-8a-(acetyloxymethyl)-3-hydroxy-5,6-dimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1,2'-oxirane]-2-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate | 162937625 | Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)OC1C(CC2C(C(CC(C2(C13CO3)COC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)C)(C)C4CC5CCOC5O4)O | 552.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1246/CL.1982.1053 |
| [(1R,2S,3S,4aR,5S,6R,8S,8aR)-5-[(3aR,5R,6aS)-2,3,3a,4,5,6a-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-5-yl]-8-acetyloxy-8a-(acetyloxymethyl)-3-hydroxy-5,6-dimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1,2'-oxirane]-2-yl] 2-methylpropanoate | 162907388 | Click to see | 538.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1246/CL.1982.1053 |
| [(1R,2S,3S,4aR,5S,6R,8S,8aR)-5-[(3aR,5S,6aS)-2,3,3a,4,5,6a-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-5-yl]-8-acetyloxy-8a-(acetyloxymethyl)-3-hydroxy-5,6-dimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1,2'-oxirane]-2-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate | 76308713 | Click to see | 552.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(00)00012-0 |
| [5-(2,3,3a,4,5,6a-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-5-yl)-8-acetyloxy-8a-(acetyloxymethyl)-3-hydroxy-5,6-dimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1,2'-oxirane]-2-yl] 2-methylpropanoate | 53462657 | Click to see | 538.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1246/CL.1982.1053 |
| [5-(2,3,3a,4,5,6a-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-5-yl)-8-acetyloxy-8a-(acetyloxymethyl)-5,6-dimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1,2'-oxirane]-2-yl] 2-methylpropanoate | 53462656 | Click to see | 522.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1246/CL.1982.1053 |
| [8-acetyloxy-8a-(acetyloxymethyl)-5-(5-ethoxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6a-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-5,6-dimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1,2'-oxirane]-2-yl] 2-methylpropanoate | 73744540 | Click to see CCOC1CC2CC(OC2O1)C3(C(CC(C4(C3CC(C(C45CO5)OC(=O)C(C)C)O)COC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)C)C | 582.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1246/CL.1982.1053 |
| CID 14757825 | 14757825 | Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)OC1C(CC2C(C(CC(C2(C13CO3)COC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)C)(C)C4CC5CCOC5O4)O | 552.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1246/CL.1982.1053 |
| Hativene A | 10721736 | Click to see CC1CC(C2(C(C1(C)C3CC4CC(OC4O3)OC)CC(C(C25CO5)OC(=O)C(C)C)O)COC(=O)C)OC(=O)C | 568.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00146-X |
| Hativene B | 10793121 | Click to see | 568.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00146-X |
| Hativene C | 10745609 | Click to see CC1CC(C2(C(C1(C)C3CC4CC(OC4O3)OC)CC(C(C25CO5)OC(=O)C(C)C)O)COC(=O)C)OC(=O)C | 568.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00146-X |
| Ivain Ii | 21123570 | Click to see | 522.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1246/CL.1982.1053 |
| Ivain IV | 157527 | Click to see | 552.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(00)00012-0 |
| Lupulin A | 10841022 | Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)OC1C(CC2C(C(CC(C2(C13CO3)COC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)C)(C)C4CC5CC(OC5O4)OC)O | 582.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00146-X |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids | |||||
| Ferulic Acid | 445858 | Click to see | 194.18 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10236079/ |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |