Common products:
- Ornamental shrub: widely cultivated for its bright yellow flowers, used in landscaping and horticulture (documented by horticultural references).
- Natural dye extract: dried leaf material processed to produce a brown‑yellow dye, marketed as a natural colorant for textiles.

Industrial and craft applications:
- Textile dyeing: leaf extracts applied to cotton, silk, and other protein fibers to impart a yellow to brown hue; employed by small‑scale artisan dyers.
- Leather dyeing/tanning: research has investigated the bark’s tannin content for use in leather processing; limited commercial application reported.

Colorants and tanning:
- The dye is derived from anthraquinone and flavonoid pigments present in the leaves; the colour remains stable at neutral to slightly alkaline pH and shows good lightfastness for textile use.
- The bark contains hydrolyzable tannins that can be used as a tanning agent for animal hides.

Properties relevant to use:
- Anthraquinone derivatives such as lawsone‑like compounds give a characteristic yellow‑brown hue and moderate wash fastness.
- Hydrolyzable tannins contribute high tannin content (≈10–15 % w/w), making the bark suitable for leather tanning.
- The leaf extract demonstrates low acute toxicity in standard cytotoxicity assays and can be used without synthetic mordants in some natural dye processes.

Standards and regulation:
- Natural dyes derived from Barleria prionitis are subject to the same regulatory frameworks as other textile colorants; in the European Union they must comply with REACH registration and labeling, while in the United States they fall under the FDA’s Color Additive Regulations for textile use.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- The species is propagated both from cuttings and seed, enabling cultivation in smallholder farms and ornamental nurseries.
- Harvest of wild populations for leaf dye is limited but can be managed sustainably by selective cutting to avoid over‑exploitation.
- Cultivation provides a renewable source and reduces pressure on wild stands.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Prionitis hystrix	Miq.	Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 809 (1858)
Barleria echinata	St.-Lag.	Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 120 (1880)
Barleria hystrix	L.	Mant. Pl. 1: 89 (1767)
Barleria prionitis var. pubescens	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 483 (1891)
Barleria quadrispinosa	Stokes	Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 411 (1812)
Barleria spicata	Roxb.	Hort. Bengal. : 45 (1814)
Barleria prionitis subsp. madagascariensis	Benoist	Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. II, 6: 79 1934

Common names Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	yellow hedge barleria
English	porcupine flower
Bengali	কণ্টঝিন্টি
Bengali	পীতঝিন্টি
Bengali	কাঁটাজাটি
French	porcupine flower
French	picanier jaune
Kannada	ಆನೆ ಗೊರಂಟೆ
mad	lanḍhep
Malagasy	rointsokina
Malayalam	കുറുഞ്ഞി
Marathi	वज्रदंती
Marathi	कोरांटी
Burmese	လိပ်ဆူးရွှေ၊
Burmese	လိပ်ဆူးရွှေ
sd	شھديوي
Sinhala	කටු කරඬු
su	jarong kembang landep
Tamil	சுள்ளி மலர்
tcy	ಆನೆ ಗೊರಂಟೆ
Telugu	ముల్లుగోరింట
Thai	มันไก่
Thai	อังกาบหนู
Thai	เขี้ยวเนื้อ
Thai	เขี้ยวแก้ง
Chinese	黃花假杜鵑
Chinese	黄花假杜鹃
Chinese	刺血红

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Name	Authority	First published in
Barleria prionitis subsp. angustissima	(Hochr.) Benoist	Fl. Madagasc. 182: 145. 1967 (1967)
Barleria prionitis subsp. appressa	(Forssk.) Brummitt & J.R.I.Wood	Kew Bull. 38: 437 (1983)
Barleria prionitis subsp. induta	(C.B.Clarke) Brummitt & J.R.I.Wood	Kew Bull. 38: 438 (1983)
Barleria prionitis subsp. pubiflora	(Benth. ex Hohen.) Brummitt & J.R.I.Wood	Kew Bull. 38: 436 (1983)
Barleria prionitis subsp. prionitis		Unknown

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Eritrea
  - Ethiopia
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Madagascar
  - Mauritius
  - Rodrigues
  - Réunion
  - Seychelles

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Arabian Peninsula
  - Saudi Arabia
  - Yemen
- China
  - China South-central

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam
  - Bangladesh
  - India
  - Laccadive Islands
  - Maldives
  - Nepal
  - Pakistan
  - Sri Lanka
  - West Himalaya
- Indo-China
  - Andaman Islands
  - Laos
  - Myanmar
  - Nicobar Nicobar
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Jawa
  - Lesser Sunda Islands
  - Malaya
  - Philippines
  - Sulawesi

Pacific click to expand
- Southwestern Pacific
  - Nauru

Southern America click to expand
- Caribbean
  - Jamaica
  - Leeward Islands
  - Puerto Rico
  - Windward Islands

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000560485
UNII	8GSN1J79JM
USDA Plants	BAPR
Tropicos	100022
INPN	629142
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:46147-1
The Plant List	kew-2670139
Open Tree Of Life	818550
NCBI Taxonomy	4189
IPNI	46147-1
iNaturalist	82266
GBIF	3173129
Freebase	/m/07k4zvl
EPPO	BAEPR
EOL	596189
USDA GRIN	6502
Wikipedia	Barleria_prionitis

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

The paradox of plant preference: The malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii select suboptimal food sources for their survival and reproduction

Paré PS, Hien DF, Youba M, Yerbanga RS, Cohuet A, Gouagna L, Diabaté A, Ignell R, Dabiré RK, Gnankiné O, Lefèvre T

Ecol Evol

25-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10963300
doi:	10.1002/ece3.11187
PMID:	38533352

Anti-inflammatory activity of verbascoside- and isoverbascoside-rich Lamiales medicinal plants

Pongkitwitoon B, Putalun W, Triwitayakorn K, Kitisripanya T, Kanchanapoom T, Boonsnongcheep P

Heliyon

13-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10770615
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23644
PMID:	38187323

Complete plastid genome structure of 13 Asian Justicia (Acanthaceae) species: comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses

Niu Z, Lin Z, Tong Y, Chen X, Deng Y

BMC Plant Biol

15-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10647099
doi:	10.1186/s12870-023-04532-0
PMID:	37964203

Green synthesis trends and potential applications of bimetallic nanoparticles towards the sustainable development goals 2030

Larrañaga-Tapia M, Betancourt-Tovar B, Videa M, Antunes-Ricardo M, Cholula-Díaz JL

Nanoscale Adv

09-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10729871
doi:	10.1039/d3na00761h
PMID:	38125589

An Ethnobotanical Survey of Indigenous Knowledge on Medicinal Plants Used by Communities to Treat Various Diseases around Ensaro District, North Shewa Zone of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

Teshome M, Kebede F, Yohannes T

Scientifica (Cairo)

01-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10632060
doi:	10.1155/2023/5575405
PMID:	37946795

Ayurvedic and herbal plaque control agents in gingivitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Javed D, Dixit AK, Anwar S, Rai A, Krishan K

J Educ Health Promot

31-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10744006
doi:	10.4103/jehp.jehp_204_23
PMID:	38144032

Advances and Challenges in Plant Sterol Research: Fundamentals, Analysis, Applications and Production

Evtyugin DD, Evtuguin DV, Casal S, Domingues MR

Molecules

08-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10535520
doi:	10.3390/molecules28186526
PMID:	37764302

Barleria prionitis L. extracts ameliorate doxorubicin-induced acute kidney injury via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis

Amarasiri SS, Attanayake AP, Arawwawala LD, Mudduwa LK, Jayatilaka KA

J Tradit Complement Med

31-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10491988
doi:	10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.05.007
PMID:	37693098

Synthesis Methods and Optical Sensing Applications of Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles Made from Rhodium, Platinum, Gold, or Silver

Demishkevich E, Zyubin A, Seteikin A, Samusev I, Park I, Hwangbo CK, Choi EH, Lee GJ

Materials (Basel)

24-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10180225
doi:	10.3390/ma16093342
PMID:	37176223

The characteristics of the complete chloroplast genome of Staurogyne concinnula (Hance) O. Kuntze (Acanthaceae)

Mei Y, Chen D, Cai S

Mitochondrial DNA B Resour

17-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10116917
doi:	10.1080/23802359.2023.2199894
PMID:	37091578

Do carbon stocks and floristic diversity of tropical homegardens vary along an elevational gradient and based on holding size in central Kerala, India?

Kumar BM

Agrofor Syst

07-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10081327
doi:	10.1007/s10457-023-00821-7
PMID:	37193256

Efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenols in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 randomized controlled trials

Long Z, Xiang W, He Q, Xiao W, Wei H, Li H, Guo H, Chen Y, Yuan M, Yuan X, Zeng L, Yang K, Deng Y, Huang Z

Front Immunol

22-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10073448
doi:	10.3389/fimmu.2023.1024120
PMID:	37033930

Complete chloroplast genome sequences of Myristicaceae species with the comparative chloroplast genomics and phylogenetic relationships among them

Mao C, Zhang F, Li X, Yang T, Zhao Q, Wu Y

PLoS One

20-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10027215
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0281042
PMID:	36940204

The complete chloroplast genome of Elsholtzia fruticosa (D. Don) Rehd. (Labiatae), an ornamental plant with high medicinal value

Yu X, Song YR, Zhao ZN

Mitochondrial DNA B Resour

28-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9980026
doi:	10.1080/23802359.2023.2183069
PMID:	36876144

Preclinical evidence of polyherbal formulations on wound healing: A systematic review on research trends and perspectives

Dubey S, Dixit AK

J Ayurveda Integr Med

24-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9988554
doi:	10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100688
PMID:	36841194

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides
Barlerin	162823	Click to see	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP980086Y
methyl (1S,4aS,5R,7S,7aS)-7-acetyloxy-5-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy-7-methyl-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate	24096431	Click to see	594.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP980086Y
methyl (1S,4aS,5R,7S,7aS)-7-acetyloxy-5-[(Z)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy-7-methyl-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate	24013842	Click to see CC(=O)OC1(CC(C2C1C(OC=C2C(=O)OC)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)C	594.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP980086Y
methyl (1S,4aS,5R,7S,7aS)-7-acetyloxy-5-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxy]-7-methyl-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate	162897967	Click to see	594.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP980086Y
methyl 7-acetyloxy-5-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxy]-7-methyl-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate	74178145	Click to see	594.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP980086Y
methyl 7-acetyloxy-5-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate	18759764	Click to see	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP980086Y
Shanzhiside methyl ester	13892722	Click to see CC1(CC(C2C1C(OC=C2C(=O)OC)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O	406.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00358-6
Shanzhiside-methylester	3085296	Click to see	406.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00358-6
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Lup-20(29)-en-3-ol, (3beta)-	521518	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNB-2007-0417
Lupeol	259846	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNB-2007-0417
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclic alcohols and derivatives
(1S,2R,5R,10S,11E,14R,15S)-14-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,15-dimethyltricyclo[8.7.0.02,7]heptadeca-7,11-dien-5-ol	163009695	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CC=CC2CC=C3CC(CCC3(C2CCC1C)C)O)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNB-2007-0417
14-(5-Ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,15-dimethyltricyclo[8.7.0.02,7]heptadeca-7,11-dien-5-ol	163009693	Click to see	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNB-2007-0417
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzodioxoles
(1E,14E)-1,15-Bis(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1,14-pentadecadien-8-one	16724214	Click to see C1OC2=C(O1)C=C(C=C2)C=CCCCCCC(=O)CCCCCC=CC3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4	462.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNB-2007-0417
1,15-Bis(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)pentadeca-1,14-dien-8-one	73311166	Click to see	462.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNB-2007-0417
5-[(1E)-dodec-1-en-1-yl]-2H-1,3-benzodioxole	9922008	Click to see	288.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNB-2007-0417
5-Dodec-1-enyl-1,3-benzodioxole	69542164	Click to see	288.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNB-2007-0417
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	154496101	Click to see	624.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP980086Y
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 3-O-(6-Deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-4-O-((2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside	132274946	Click to see	624.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP980086Y
Acteoside;Kusaginin;TJC160	354009	Click to see	624.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP980086Y
Verbascoside	5281800	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)CO)OCCC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O	624.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP980086Y
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Depsides and depsidones
Depsidellin A	139584783	Click to see CCCCCC1=CC(=CC(=C1)OC(=O)C2=C(C=C(C=C2O)OC)CCC)OC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O)OC)CCC	564.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97291-1
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
6-[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-7,8-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	162869044	Click to see	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97291-1
6-[3,4-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-7,8-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	162869043	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2)C(=O)C=C(O3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97291-1
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
5,6-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	162903244	Click to see	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97291-1
5,6-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	162903243	Click to see	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97291-1

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Barleria prionitis

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top