Gentianella amarella
Table of Contents
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64401dbd3aa5d146941892 |
| Scientific name | Gentianella amarella |
| Authority | (L.) Harry Sm. |
| First published in | in Hylander, Nomencl. u. Syst. Stud. Nord. Gefasspfl. (Uppsala Univ. Arsskr., No. 7) 259 (1945). |
Description Top
Suggest a correction or write a new one!
Gentianella amarella, also known as the autumn gentian, is a short biennial plant in the gentian family. It is found in Northern Europe, the western and northern United States, and Canada. In its first year, it produces a low leaf rosette, and in its second year, it grows a stem with numerous purplish bell-shaped flowers. There are five subspecies of Gentianella amarella, each with a different distribution. It is typically found in grassy areas on lime-rich soil, but can also grow in wetter environments. Its flowering period is from July to early October.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Opsantha amarella | Delarbre | Fl. Auvergne , ed. 2: 30 (1800) |
| Amarella californica | Greene | Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 54 (1904) |
| Amarella conferta | Greene | Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 55 (1904) |
| Amarella copelandii | Greene | Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 53 (1904) |
| Amarella distegia | Greene | Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 53 (1904) |
| Amarella gracilis | Raf. | Fl. Tellur. 3: 21 (1837) |
| Amarella lemberti | Greene | Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 54 (1904) |
| Amarella quinquefida | Gilib. | Fl. Lit. Inch. i. 36. 1782 |
| Amarella revoluta | Greene | Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 55 (1904) |
| Amarella tenuis | Greene | Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 53 (1904) |
| Ericala acuta | G.Don | Gen. Hist. iv. 190. |
| Ericala flava | G.Don | Gen. Hist. iv. 189. |
| Eyrythalia amarella | Borkh. | Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(1): 28 (1796) |
| Eyrythalia conferta | G.Don | Hort. Brit. , ed. 3: 471 (1839) |
| Eyrythalia lancifolia | Bercht. & J.Presl | Prir. Rostlin 1: 18 (1824) |
| Eyrythalia pratensis | Bercht. & J.Presl | Prir. Rostlin 1: 18 (1824) |
| Eyrythalia pulchella | Gray | Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. ii. 336. |
| Eyrythalia uliginosa | Bercht. & J.Presl | Prir. Rostlin 1: 17 (1824) |
| Gentiana aggregata | Bunge ex Griseb. | Prodr. 9: 100 (1845) |
| Gentiana ajanensis | Murb. | Acta Horti Berg. 2(3): 24 (1892) |
| Gentiana amarella | L. | Sp. Pl. : 230 (1753) |
| Gentiana amarella var. stricta | (Griseb.) S.Watson | Botany [Fortieth Parallel] : 277 (1871) |
| Gentiana amarella var. tenuis | (Griseb.) A.Gray | Syn. Fl. N. Amer. , ed. 2, 2(1): 118 (1886) |
| Gentiana arbelaezii | Cuatrec. | Trab. Mus. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 26: 22 (1933) |
| Gentiana autumnalis | Prey. & Zirk. ex Bab. | J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 11: 318. 1870 [1871 publ. 1870] |
| Gentiana axillaris | Rchb. | Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 2: 18, t. 130. 1824 [Jan-Mar 1825] |
| Gentiana californica | Kusn. | Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 13: 59. 1893 |
| Gentiana campanulata | Reyn. ex Griseb. | Gen. Sp. Gent. : 212 (1838) |
| Gentiana campestris | Geners. | Elench. 234. |
| Gentiana campestris var. laevicalyx | Rohlena | V?stn. Král. Ceské Spole?n. Nauk, T?. Mat.-P?ír. 1933(8): 7 1934 |
| Gentiana conferta | Fisch. ex Sweet | Hort. Brit. , ed. 2: 363 (1830) |
| Gentiana connectens | Pollard | Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 13: 131 (1900) |
| Gentiana copelandii | Greene | Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 53 (1904) |
| Gentiana distegia | Greene | Pittonia 4: 182 (1900) |
| Gentiana eximia | Eastw. | Leafl. W. Bot. 1: 96 (1934) |
| Gentiana flava | Mayer ex Schult. | Oestr. Fl. , ed. 2, 1: 445 (1814) |
| Gentiana flavescens | Schur | Enum. Pl. Transsilv. : 461 (1866) |
| Gentiana gracilis | Nees | Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 9: 176 (1818) |
| Gentiana gracilis | Cham. & Schltdl. | Linnaea 1: 176 (1826) |
| Gentiana hybrida | Raf. | Med. Repos. 5: 353, nomen. 1808 |
| Gentiana labradorica | Wilkie | Gentians : 177 (1936) |
| Gentiana laevicalyx | (Rohlena) Rohlena | Vestn. Král. Ceské Spolecn. Nauk. Tr. Mat.-Prír. 1933(8): 7 (1934) |
| Gentiana lancifolia | Rafn | Danm. Holst. Fl. 2: 217 (1800) |
| Gentiana lingulata | Agardh | Physiogr. Sällsk. Årsberätt. 1824: 27 (1824) |
| Gentiana nigrescens | Schur | Enum. Pl. Transsilv. : 462 (1866) |
| Gentiana obtusifolia | Fr. | Nov. Fl. Suec. 76. |
| Gentiana polyantha | A.Nelson | Bot. Gaz. 56: 68 (1913) |
| Gentiana pratensis | Froel. | Gentiana : 88 (1796) |
| Gentiana pulchella | Salisb. | Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 137. 1796 [Nov-Dec 1796] |
| Gentiana purpurea | Walter | Fl. Carol. [Walter] 109. 1788 [Apr-Jun 1788] |
| Gentiana pyramidalis | Willd. ex Griseb. | Gen. Sp. Gent. : 239 (1838) |
| Gentiana remota | Greene | Pittonia 4: 182 (1900) |
| Gentiana scopulorum | Tidestr. | Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 25: 415, 416. 1925 |
| Gentiana seminuda | Rusby | Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 6: 81 (1896) |
| Gentiana stricta | (Griseb.) Howell | Fl. N.W. Amer. [Howell] 1: 445. 1901 |
| Gentiana sylvestris | Bray ex Griseb. | Gen. Sp. Gent. : 241 (1838) |
| Gentiana tatei | Rusby | Phytologia 1: 72 (1934) |
| Gentiana tenuiflora | Jan ex Nyman | Consp. Fl. Eur. : 500 (1881) |
| Gentiana tenuis | Griseb. | Gen. Sp. Gent. : 250 (1838) |
| Gentiana tetragona | Mayer | Samml. Phys. Aufsätze Böhm. Naturgesch. 1: 194 (1791) |
| Gentianella amarella subsp. lingulata | (C.Agardh) Holub | Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 2: 118 1967 |
| Gentianella amarella var. lingulata | (C.Agardh) Karlsson | Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 91: 249 (1997 publ. 1998) |
| Gentianella axillaris | (F.W.Schmidt) Á.Löve & D.Löve | Bot. Not. 114: 42 (1961) |
| Gentianella hispanica | López Udias, Fabregat & Renob. | Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 59: 218 (2001 publ. 2002) |
| Gentianella lingulata | (Agardh) N.M.Pritch. | Watsonia 4: 178 (1959) |
| Gentianusa lancifolia | (Raf.) Pohl | Tent. Fl. Bohem. 1: 256 (1809) |
| Gonipia tenuiflora | Raf. | Fl. Tellur. 3: 24 (1837) |
| Hippion axillare | F.W.Schmidt | Fl. Boëm. 2: 29 (1793 publ. 1794) |
| Gentiana tetramera | (Rouy) Rouy ex D.Prain | Index Kew. Suppl. 4: 96 1913 |
| Gentiana amarella var. axillaris | (F.W.Schmidt) Griseb. | Gen. Sp. Gent. 239 1839 |
| Gentiana amarella var. pyramidalis | Griseb. | Gen. Sp. Gent. 239 1839 |
| Gentiana plebeja var. holmii | Wettst. | Oesterr. Bot. Z. 50: 195 1900 |
| Gentianella amarella var. fastigiata | Y.Ling | Contr. Inst. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping 2: 21 1933 |
| Gentianella amarella subsp. druceana | N.M.Pritch. | Watsonia 4: 236 (1960) |
| Gentianella amarella var. druceana | (N.M.Pritch.) P.D.Sell | Fl. Great Britain Ireland 3: 519 (2009) |
| Gentiana amarella subsp. axillaris | Murb. | |
| Gentiana axillaris var. lingulata | Topa | |
| Hippion axillaris | F.W.Schmidt | Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(1): 11 1796 |
| Pneumonanthe remota | Greene | Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 71 (1904) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | autumn felwort |
| English | autumn dwarf-gentian |
| English | annual gentian |
| English | autumn dwarfgentian |
| English | autumn dwarf gentian |
| English | autumn gentian |
| Belarusian | Гарычка пазушная |
| Bulgarian | истинска горчивка |
| Czech | hořeček nahořklý |
| Welsh | crwynllys yr hydref |
| Danish | smalbægret ensian |
| German | bitterer fransenenzian |
| German | blattwinkelblütiger enzian |
| German | herbstenzian |
| Finnish | horkkakatkero |
| French | gentiane amere |
| French | gentianelle amère |
| French | gentiane amère |
| Irish | muilcheann |
| Irish | muileann |
| Upper Sorbian | wótry hórkowc |
| Icelandic | grænvöndur |
| Lithuanian | pievinė gencijonėlė |
| Latvian | rūgtā drudzenīte |
| Norwegian Bokmål | bittersøte |
| Dutch | slanke gentiaan |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | bittersøte |
| Polish | goryczuszka gorzkawa |
| Russian | Горечавочка горьковатая |
| Russian | Наричник |
| Russian | Горечавка горьковатая |
| Swedish | Ängsgentiana |
| Ukrainian | Тирличничок осінній |
| Chinese | 红假龙胆 |
| Chinese | 秋花假龙胆 |
Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Gentianella amarella subsp. acuta | (Michx.) J.M.Gillett | Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 44: 253 (1957) |
| Gentianella amarella subsp. hartwegii | (Benth.) J.M.Gillett | Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 44: 260 (1957) |
| Gentianella amarella subsp. livonica | (Eschschh. ex Griseb.) Dostál | Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 10 (1984) |
| Gentianella amarella subsp. mexicana | (Griseb.) J.M.Gillett | Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 44: 258 (1957) |
| Gentianella amarella subsp. septentrionalis | (Druce) N.M.Pritch. | Watsonia 4: 235. 1960 (1960) |
| Gentianella amarella subsp. takedae | (Kitag.) Toyok. | Papers Pl. Ecol. Taxon. Mem. Dr. Satoshi Nakanishi : 581 (1987) |
| Gentianella amarella subsp. uliginosa | (Willd.) Tzvelev | Fl. Evropeískoí Chasti SSSR 3: 78 (1978) |
| Gentianella amarella subsp. yuparensis | (Takeda) Toyok. | Papers Pl. Ecol. Taxon. Mem. Dr. Satoshi Nakanishi : 579 (1987) |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Start at 4°C for 3 months, then warm to 20°C for another 3 months. |
| avoid pricking out individually, transplant seedlings in clumps |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
No distribution data was extracted from POWO/KEW yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000699019 |
| UNII | AS46741VRA |
| Canadensys | 6010 |
| USDA Plants | GEAM3 |
| INPN | 99979 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:108639-2 |
| The Plant List | kew-2821885 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 186069 |
| Observations.org | 2539 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 137095 |
| NBN Atlas | NHMSYS0000459016 |
| Nature Serve | 2.152782 |
| IPNI | 369149-1 |
| iNaturalist | 60389 |
| GBIF | 3169851 |
| Freebase | /m/03ct69j |
| EPPO | GNLAM |
| EOL | 581947 |
| Elurikkus | 4876 |
| Calflora (Californian flora) | 9980 |
| USDA GRIN | 466824 |
| Wikipedia | Gentianella_amarella |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones | |||||
| 1-Hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyxanthen-9-one | 75596214 | Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(O2)C=CC(=C3)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC | 450.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070690L |
| 1,3,5-Trihydroxy-2-(1,4,6,8-tetrahydroxy-9-oxoxanthen-2-yl)-8-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyxanthen-9-one | 74342534 | Click to see C1=CC(=C2C(=C1O)OC3=C(C2=O)C(=C(C(=C3)O)C4=CC(=C5C(=C4O)C(=O)C6=C(C=C(C=C6O5)O)O)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O | 680.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070690L |
| 1,3,5-Trihydroxy-8-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyxanthen-9-one | 5857493 | Click to see C1=CC(=C2C(=C1O)OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O | 422.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070690L |
| 1,3,5,8-Tetrahydroxyxanthone | 5281626 | Click to see C1=CC(=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O | 260.20 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070690L |
| 1,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-8-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyxanthen-9-one | 44144324 | Click to see COC1=CC(=C2C(=C1)OC3=C(C=CC(=C3C2=O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 436.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070690L |
| 1,8-Dihydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyxanthen-9-one | 74342508 | Click to see COC1=C2C(=C(C=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC | 466.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070690L |
| 1,8-Dihydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyxanthen-9-one | 85182231 | Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(O2)C=CC(=C3O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC | 466.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070690L |
| 3,8-dihydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyxanthen-9-one | 162920352 | Click to see COC1=C2C(=C(C=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C(=C3O2)OC)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O | 466.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070690L |
| 3,8-Dihydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyxanthen-9-one | 162920351 | Click to see COC1=C2C(=C(C=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C(=C3O2)OC)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O | 466.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070690L |
| corymbiferin 1-O-glucoside | 44577223 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC2=C1OC3=C(C(=CC(=C3C2=O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)OC)O | 466.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070690L |
| Corymbiferin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside | 24878797 | Click to see COC1=C2C(=C(C=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC | 466.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070690L |
| Norswertianolin | 5281659 | Click to see C1=CC(=C2C(=C1O)OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O | 422.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070690L |
| swertiabisxanthone I | 24878847 | Click to see C1=CC(=C2C(=C1O)OC3=C(C2=O)C(=C(C(=C3)O)C4=CC(=C5C(=C4O)C(=O)C6=C(C=C(C=C6O5)O)O)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O | 680.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070690L |
| swertiabisxanthone-I | 14539914 | Click to see C1=CC(=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)C4=CC(=C5C(=C4O)C(=O)C6=C(C=C(C=C6O5)O)O)O)O)O | 518.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070690L |
| triptexanthoside C | 10552156 | Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(O2)C=CC(=C3O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC | 466.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070690L |
| Veratriloside | 5490799 | Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(O2)C=CC(=C3)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC | 450.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070690L |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |