Gentiana asclepiadea
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64401d96270a1546088338 |
| Scientific name | Gentiana asclepiadea |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl. : 227 (1753) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Ornamental plant: Gentiana asclepiadea is cultivated as a herbaceous perennial and sold by nurseries as a container‑grown specimen (1–3 L pots) under names such as “swamp gentian.” The product is the whole living plant, valued for its late‑summer pendulous blue‑violet tubular flowers and glossy lanceolate foliage. It is used in rock and woodland gardens and occasionally as a cut flower.
- Reference genome: Leaf tissue from cultivated material has been sequenced to produce a complete chloroplast genome (GenBank accession MG896411). The ~155 kb circular genome is deposited in public databases and serves as a reference for phylogenetic and conservation studies within Gentianaceae.
Properties relevant to use:
- Flower color is due to anthocyanin pigments, mainly delphinidin‑type glycosides, giving the characteristic blue‑violet hue that drives horticultural demand.
- The species contains the bitter secoiridoid glycoside gentiopicroside, a known bitter principle in several Gentiana species, though no commercial non‑medicinal use for G. asclepiadea has been reported.
- The chloroplast genome has the typical Gentianaceae architecture: a quadripartite structure with a large (~85 kb) and small (~17 kb) single‑copy region, a pair of inverted repeats (~25 kb each), GC content ~37 % and 115 genes, enabling its use as a reference for comparative chloroplast studies.
Standards and regulation:
- Trade in live plants of G. asclepiadea is subject to phytosanitary requirements under the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) and the EU Plant Passport system (EU Regulation 2016/2031), requiring certification that material is free of quarantine pests.
- While not listed in CITES, national plant‑trade regulations in the EU and Switzerland require exported specimens to be accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate.
Sustainability and sourcing:
- The taxon is native to mountainous regions of central and southeastern Europe and is assessed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, indicating a stable global population.
- Most commercial supply comes from cultivated stock propagated by seed (cold stratification required) or division; tissue culture is increasingly used for mass production. This reduces pressure on wild populations.
- Where wild collection occurs, it is regulated by regional plant‑trade legislation, with quotas and monitoring to keep harvesting sustainable.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Pneumonanthe asclepiadea | F.W.Schmidt | Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(1): 10 (1796) |
| Pneumonanthe plicata | F.W.Schmidt | Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(1): 10 (1796) |
| Coilantha asclepiadea | G.Don | Gen. Hist. 4: 186 (1837) |
| Dasistepha asclepiadea | Raf. | Fl. Tellur. 3: 19 (1837) |
| Dasystephana schistocalyx | (K.Koch) Soják | Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148: 200 (1979 publ. 1980) |
| Gentiana asclepiadea f. albiflora | Murray ex Hegi | Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5(3): 1999 1927 |
| Gentiana asclepiadea f. cruciata | Wartm. & Schlatter | Ber. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 266 1882 |
| Gentiana asclepiadea f. pectinata | Wartm. & Schlatter | Ber. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 266 1882 |
| Gentiana asclepiadea var. schistocalyx | (K.Koch) Grossh. | Fl. Kavkaza 3: 229 1932 |
| Gentiana asclepiadea subsp. schistocalyx | (K.Koch) I.P.Zakharova | Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. , n.s., 95(1): 97 (1990) |
| Gentiana ramiflora | E.Szabo | Oesterr. Bot. Z. 44: 474 (1894) |
| Gentiana schistocalyx | K.Koch | Linnaea 23: 585 (1850) |
| Gentianusa asclepiadea | Pohl | Tent. Fl. Bohem. 1: 250 (1809) |
| Dasystephana asclepiadea | Borkh. | Arch. Bot. 1: t. 26 (1796) |
| Gentiana asclepiadea var. plicata | (F.W.Schmidt) Roth | Enum. Pl. Phaen. Germ. 1(1): 797 (1827) |
| Gentiana asclepiadea f. schistocalyx | (K.Koch) Bolzon | Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. , n.s., 21: 195 (1914) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | willow gentian |
| English | the willow gentian |
| Bulgarian | горска тинтява |
| Catalan | willow gentian |
| Czech | hořec tolitovitý |
| Welsh | crwynllys dail helyg |
| Danish | svalerod-ensian |
| German | schwalbenwurz-enzian |
| German | blaue kreuzwurz |
| German | geißleiter |
| German | herbst-enzian |
| German | hirschbrunft-enzian |
| Greek | Γεντιανή του Ασκληπιού |
| Finnish | metsäkatkero |
| French | gentiane asclépiade |
| Croatian | asklepijeva sirištara |
| Upper Sorbian | dajiwy hórkowc |
| Hungarian | fecsketárnics |
| Igbo | willow gentian |
| Norwegian Bokmål | skogsøte |
| Dutch | zijdeplantgentiaan |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | skogsøte |
| Polish | goryczka trojeściowa |
| Polish | goryczka trojeściowata |
| Polish | goryczka tojeściowa |
| Russian | Горечавка ластовневая |
| Russian | Горечавка ластовенная |
| Russian | Горечавка ваточниковая |
| Serbo-Croatian | gencijana |
| Serbo-Croatian | encijan |
| Serbo-Croatian | Šumska sirištara |
| Slovak | horec luskáčovitý |
| Slovenian | kokoševčevolistni svišč |
| Slovenian | svečnik |
| Serbian | Шумска сириштара |
| Swedish | knippgentiana |
| Turkish | mavi centiyan |
| Ukrainian | Тирлич ваточниковидний |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment. |
| Requires Light or Surface Sowing: These seeds need light to germinate and should not be covered with soil or only very lightly. They are often very small and sown directly on the surface of the growing medium. |
| avoid pricking out individually, transplant seedlings in clumps |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Caucasus
- North Caucasus
- Transcaucasus
-
Western Asia
- Iran
- Turkey
-
Caucasus
-
Europe click to expand
-
Eastern Europe
- Northwest European Russia
- Ukraine
-
Middle Europe
- Austria
- Czechoslovakia
- Germany
- Hungary
- Poland
- Switzerland
-
Northern Europe
- Great Britain
-
Southeastern Europe
- Albania
- Bulgaria
- Greece
- Italy
- Romania
- Turkey-in-Europe
- Yugoslavia
-
Southwestern Europe
- Corse
- France
-
Eastern Europe
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000696956 |
| Tropicos | 13801465 |
| INPN | 99862 |
| Flora of Italy | 4018 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:367809-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2819987 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 63907 |
| Observations.org | 118191 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 49935 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0000013974 |
| IPNI | 367809-1 |
| iNaturalist | 131196 |
| GBIF | 7270381 |
| Freebase | /m/03ct673 |
| EPPO | GETAS |
| EOL | 6854161 |
| Elurikkus | 4870 |
| USDA GRIN | 17351 |
| Wikipedia | Gentiana_asclepiadea |
| Plantarium | 17254 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (+)-Ursolic Acid | 64945 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630332 |
| (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aS,10S,12aR,14bR)-10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid | 38735514 | Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O | 456.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630332 |
| Urs-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-hydroxy-, (3beta)- | 220774 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630332 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| (-)-beta-Sitosterol | 222284 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630332 |
| 17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 86821 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630332 |
| Stigmast-5-en-3-ol | 22012 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630332 |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds | |||||
| 6'-O-beta-D-glucosylgentiopicroside | 10864232 | Click to see | 518.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962394 |
| Gentiopicroside | 88708 | Click to see | 356.32 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962394 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones | |||||
| 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-7-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyxanthen-9-one | 122129993 | Click to see | 584.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19770600633 |
| 1,3,6-Trihydroxy-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyxanthen-9-one | 76034218 | Click to see | 584.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19770600633 |
| 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyxanthen-9-one | 163006299 | Click to see | 584.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19770600633 |
| 1,3,7-Trihydroxy-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyxanthen-9-one | 163006298 | Click to see | 584.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19770600633 |
| 2,4-Dihydroxy-6-methoxyxanthen-9-one | 163094783 | Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=CC(=C3)O)O | 258.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630332 |
| Isogentisin | 5281640 | Click to see | 258.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630332 |
| Mangiferin | 5281647 | Click to see C1=C2C(=CC(=C1O)O)OC3=C(C2=O)C(=C(C(=C3)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O | 422.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630332 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthopyrans | |||||
| 4,11-Dioxatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.013,17]heptadeca-1,7,9(17),13,15-pentaene-3,12-dione | 15735800 | Click to see | 254.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80080-X |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides | |||||
| [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-6-yl]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] 4-hydroxybenzoate | 162849368 | Click to see | 568.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19780610420 |
| [2-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-6-yl]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] 4-hydroxybenzoate | 74977567 | Click to see | 568.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19780610420 |
| Isoorientin | 114776 | Click to see | 448.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630332 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides | |||||
| [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-4-oxochromen-6-yl]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] 4-hydroxybenzoate | 163093567 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)OC2C(C(C(OC2C3=C(C4=C(C=C3O)OC(=CC4=O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O | 730.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19780610420 |
| [2-[5,7-Dihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-4-oxochromen-6-yl]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] 4-hydroxybenzoate | 74977598 | Click to see | 730.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19780610420 |
| 6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]-5,7-dihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]chromen-4-one | 162888575 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O | 772.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19770600421 |
| 6-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]-5,7-dihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]chromen-4-one | 74977593 | Click to see | 772.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19770600421 |
| 6-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]-5,7-dihydroxy-2-[4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]chromen-4-one | 74977495 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O | 756.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19770600421 |
| Isosaponarin 2''-O-glucoside (Isovitexin-2''-4'-di-O-beta-D-glucoside) | 162639149 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O | 756.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19770600421 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |