Details Top

Internal ID UUID64401bffa0193113450691
Scientific name Exacum affine
Authority Balf.f.
First published in Gartenflora 32: 34 (1883)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Exacum gracilipes Balf.f. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 12: 80 (1884)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English persian violet
Arabic عشرب سقطري
Persian بنفشه ایرانی
Thai เปอร์เชี่ยนไวโอเลต
Thai ม่วงเทพรัตน์
Turkish İran menekşesi, ekzakum
Chinese 紫芳草
Chinese 爱克花
Chinese 藻百年
Chinese 藻百年草

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000684167
Tropicos 13802048
INPN 448260
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:367449-1
The Plant List kew-2805989
Missouri Botanical Garden 280838
Open Tree Of Life 971340
NCBI Taxonomy 13525
IUCN Red List 44952
IPNI 367449-1
iNaturalist 183448
GBIF 5829210
Freebase /m/02x93_j
EPPO EXUAF
EOL 6857681
USDA GRIN 16486
Wikipedia Exacum_affine

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Natural-derived acetophenones: chemistry and pharmacological activities Ahmadpourmir H, Attar H, Asili J, Soheili V, Taghizadeh SF, Shakeri A Nat Prod Bioprospect 10-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11087454
doi:10.1007/s13659-024-00447-x
PMID:38727781
Different Types of Hypericum perforatum cvs. (Elixir, Helos, Topas) In Vitro Cultures: A Rich Source of Bioactive Metabolites and Biological Activities of Biomass Extracts Kwiecień I, Miceli N, Kędzia E, Cavò E, Taviano MF, Beerhues L, Ekiert H Molecules 04-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10005045
doi:10.3390/molecules28052376
PMID:36903619
The complete plastome of Centaurium erythraea subsp. majus (Hoffmanns. & Link) M.Laínz (Gentianaceae), the first chloroplast genome belonging to the Centaurium genus Carvalho Leonardo I, Alberti A, Denoeud F, Barreto Crespo MT, Capelo J, Bustos Gaspar F Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 09-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC9848357
doi:10.1080/23802359.2022.2160670
PMID:36685651
High‐speed video and plant ultrastructure define mechanisms of gametophyte dispersal Mitchell N, Piatczyc NP, Wang DD, Edwards J Appl Plant Sci 20-Apr-2022
PMCID:PMC9039801
doi:10.1002/aps3.11463
PMID:35495193
Antioxidant Potential and Enhancement of Bioactive Metabolite Production in In Vitro Cultures of Scutellaria lateriflora L. by Biotechnological Methods Kwiecień I, Miceli N, D’Arrigo M, Marino A, Ekiert H Molecules 08-Feb-2022
PMCID:PMC8839037
doi:10.3390/molecules27031140
PMID:35164404
Short-Term Storability of Alginate-Encapsulated Persian Violet Microshoots for Germplasm Exchange Phanomchai S, Bodhipadma K, Noichinda S, Leung DW Plants (Basel) 11-Jan-2022
PMCID:PMC8779939
doi:10.3390/plants11020185
PMID:35050072
Differing In Vitro Rooting and Flowering Responses of the Persian Violet to Low and High UV-C Irradiation Phanomchai S, Noichinda S, Kachonpadungkitti Y, Bodhipadma K Plants (Basel) 04-Dec-2021
PMCID:PMC8706140
doi:10.3390/plants10122671
PMID:34961141
Transmission of bee-like vibrations in buzz-pollinated plants with different stamen architectures Nevard L, Russell AL, Foord K, Vallejo-Marín M Sci Rep 29-Jun-2021
PMCID:PMC8241880
doi:10.1038/s41598-021-93029-7
PMID:34188153
Review of Whole Plant Extracts With Activity Against Herpes Simplex Viruses In Vitro and In Vivo Garber A, Barnard L, Pickrell C J Evid Based Integr Med 16-Feb-2021
PMCID:PMC7894602
doi:10.1177/2515690X20978394
PMID:33593082
Complete chloroplast genome of Exacum affine (Gentianaceae): the first plastome of the tribe Exaceae in the family Gentianaceae Wang J, Cao Q, He C, Ma Y, Li Y, Liu J, Zhang F Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 11-Oct-2019
PMCID:PMC7707271
doi:10.1080/23802359.2019.1676672
PMID:33366071
Genomic Characterization of the Periwinkle Leaf Yellowing (PLY) Phytoplasmas in Taiwan Cho ST, Lin CP, Kuo CH Front Microbiol 19-Sep-2019
PMCID:PMC6761752
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02194
PMID:31608032
Somatic Embryogenesis in the Family Gentianaceae and Its Biotechnological Application Tomiczak K, Mikuła A, Niedziela A, Wójcik-Lewandowska A, Domżalska L, Rybczyński JJ Front Plant Sci 11-Jun-2019
PMCID:PMC6579898
doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.00762
PMID:31244878
Influence of Chitosan, Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid on Phenylpropanoid Accumulation in Germinated Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Park CH, Yeo HJ, Park YE, Chun SW, Chung YS, Lee SY, Park SU Foods 06-May-2019
PMCID:PMC6560396
doi:10.3390/foods8050153
PMID:31064158
Enhanced accumulation of harpagide and 8-O-acetyl-harpagide in Melittis melissophyllum L. agitated shoot cultures analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS Skrzypczak-Pietraszek E, Reiss K, Żmudzki P, Pietraszek J PLoS One 22-Aug-2018
PMCID:PMC6104996
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0202556
PMID:30133513
Enhanced production of the pharmaceutically important polyphenolic compounds in Vitex agnus castus L. shoot cultures by precursor feeding strategy Skrzypczak‐Pietraszek E, Piska K, Pietraszek J Eng Life Sci 05-Feb-2018
PMCID:PMC6999492
doi:10.1002/elsc.201800003
PMID:32624908

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
(E)-5-[(1S,4aR,5R,8aR)-2,5,8a-trimethyl-5-(3-phenylpropanoyloxymethyl)-1,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3-methylpent-2-enoic acid 15109625 Click to see 452.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00525-0
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides
methyl (1S,4aS,6S,7R,7aS)-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-7-methyl-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate 101687171 Click to see 536.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00525-0
Methyl 1-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-7-methyl-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate 162998335 Click to see 536.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00525-0
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
Gentiopicroside 88708 Click to see 356.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00525-0
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
1-[4-Methoxy-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]ethanone 4486113 Click to see CC(=O)C1=C(C=C(C=C1)OC)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COC3C(C(C(CO3)O)O)O)O)O)O 460.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00525-0
2-Acetyl-5-methoxyphenyl beta-D-Glucopyranoside 4486114 Click to see 328.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00525-0
Affinoside 11972427 Click to see 460.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00525-0
Paeonoside 442924 Click to see 328.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00525-0
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Phenylketones / Alkyl-phenylketones
Paeonol 11092 Click to see CC(=O)C1=C(C=C(C=C1)OC)O 166.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB.58.1892

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