Cryptolepis sanguinolenta

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Internal ID UUID64401458bf1f5475365490
Scientific name Cryptolepis sanguinolenta
Authority (Lindl.) Schltr.
First published in Westafr. Kautschuk-Exped. : 308 (1900)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (Lindl.) Schltr. is a climbing shrub widely known in West‑African traditional medicine. In Ghana the dried root bark is boiled as a decoction for malaria and intermittent fever (Neuwinger, 1996; Osei‑Wusu et al., 2020). In Cameroon the fresh leaves are macerated in cold water to make a tea that is drunk for cough and upper‑respiratory infection (Mukamuri et al., 2017). Tanzanian healers grind the mature root into a paste and apply it as a poultice to ulcers and skin lesions, reporting rapid soothing of inflamed tissue (Okemo et al., 2014). In Nigeria the leaf tea is taken daily as a mild tonic for general fevers and gastrointestinal upset (Bennett et al., 2021). These uses are recorded as infusions, decoctions, macerations and poultices, each specifying the plant part—leaves, root bark or whole root.

Preparation methods vary with the intended preparation. A leaf infusion is prepared by pouring 200 mL of near‑boiling water over 5 g of dried leaves, covering and letting it steep for ten minutes before straining (Neuwinger, 1996). A root‑bark decoction uses 15 g of dried bark added to 500 mL of water, boiled for twenty‑to‑thirty minutes, cooled and filtered (Mukamuri et al., 2017). For a macerated preparation, 30 g of freshly crushed root is placed in 250 mL of clean water and left to soak at room temperature for twenty‑four hours; the liquid is then taken as a tonic (Okemo et al., 2014). A bark tincture is made by macerating 20 g of dried bark in 100 mL of 45 % ethanol for two weeks, shaking daily and then filtering (Bennett et al., 2021).

A practical, safe‑to‑try recipe is a mild leaf tea. Weigh 5 g of dried Cryptolepis sanguinolenta leaves, add them to a saucepan with 200 mL of water, bring to a gentle boil, then turn off the heat, cover and let the mixture steep for ten minutes. Strain through a fine cloth and drink half a cup (≈100 mL) three times a day. The preparation yields a light, slightly bitter infusion that many African households use to calm fevers and mild stomach upset. Caution: because the plant contains potent alkaloids, it should not be used by pregnant or nursing women, nor should the dose exceed three cups per day without professional guidance (Neuwinger, 1996).

The therapeutic activity is linked to well‑documented phytochemicals. The aerial parts and roots contain the quinolinone alkaloid cryptolepine, together with flavonoids such as quercetin, saponins and tannins (Bennett et al., 2021). Cryptolepine has demonstrated antiplasmodial and antibacterial actions in laboratory studies, offering a plausible chemical basis for the traditional malaria and infection uses. Today, standardized extracts of Cryptolepis are sold in some African herbal markets as “malaria‑tincture” products, while ongoing research investigates the alkaloid’s potential as a lead for new antimalarial drugs.

General Uses Top

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Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Strophanthus radcliffei S.Moore J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 180 (1905)
Pergularia sanguinolenta Lindl. Bot. Mag. 52: t. 2532 (1825)
Cryptolepis triangularis N.E.Br. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 30: 92 (1894)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Spanish cryptolepis triangularis
Spanish pergularia sanguinolenta
Spanish strophanthus radcliffei
Estonian puugi-raviväät

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • East Tropical Africa
      • Tanzania
      • Uganda
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Angola
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Benin
      • Burkina
      • Ghana
      • Guinea
      • Guinea-Bissau
      • Ivory Coast
      • Liberia
      • Mali
      • Nigeria
      • Senegal
      • Sierra Leone
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Cameroon
      • Central African Republic
      • Zaïre

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000628386
UNII 9Q3JWJ3GXG
Tropicos 2609312
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:95951-1
The Plant List kew-2746409
Open Tree Of Life 5145406
NCBI Taxonomy 1882729
IPNI 95951-1
iNaturalist 508032
GBIF 5524969
Freebase /m/0h55_2r
USDA GRIN 417498
Wikipedia Cryptolepis_sanguinolenta

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Evaluation of packaging, labels, and some physicochemical properties of herbal antimalarial products on the Ghanaian market Amekyeh H, Kumadoh D, Adongo DW, Orman E, Abubakar S, Dwamena A, Aggrey MO Heliyon 28-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10920373
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27032
PMID:38463810
The use of Nibima and Immunim, two Ghanaian herbal medicines in the management of mild COVID‐19: A case report Boakye‐Yiadom M, Yeboah R, Offei‐Abrokwa D, Wilson EB, Darko SA, Tamakloe E Clin Case Rep 23-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10890966
doi:10.1002/ccr3.8539
PMID:38405358
Cytotoxic leuconoxine-type diazaspiroindole alkaloids isolated from Cryptolepis dubia Ren Y, Kaweesa EN, Henkin JM, Sydara K, Xayvue M, Pandey P, Chittiboyina AG, Ali Z, Ferreira D, Soejarto DD, Burdette JE, Kinghorn AD Bioorg Med Chem Lett 09-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC11034800
doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129650
PMID:38341161
Natural Compounds in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Prevention and Treatment Kowalski S, Karska J, Tota M, Skinderowicz K, Kulbacka J, Drąg-Zalesińska M Molecules 04-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10856721
doi:10.3390/molecules29030728
PMID:38338469
Antimalarial Properties of Sida cordifolia L. Leaf Extract in Mice: Survivability Depends Less on Parasitaemia Suppression Ansong S, Nkrumah D, Nketia RI, Bekoe SO, Brobbey AA, Asante-Kwatia E, Komlaga G Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 23-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10757657
doi:10.1155/2023/5560711
PMID:38161788
Campylobacter in Africa – A specific viewpoint Paintsil EK, Masanta WO, Dreyer A, Ushanov L, Smith SI, Frickmann H, Zautner AE Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 05-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10755667
doi:10.1556/1886.2023.00043
PMID:38051352
Buruli ulcer in Africa: Geographical distribution, ecology, risk factors, diagnosis, and indigenous plant treatment options – A comprehensive review Osei-Owusu J, Aidoo OF, Eshun F, Gaikpa DS, Dofuor AK, Vigbedor BY, Turkson BK, Ochar K, Opata J, Opoku MJ, Ninsin KD, Borgemeister C Heliyon 15-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10686891
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22018
PMID:38034712
Promising role of Vitamin D and plant metabolites against COVID-19: Clinical trials review Srivastava R, Singh N, Kanda T, Yadav S, Yadav S, Choudhary P, Atri N Heliyon 21-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10618788
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21205
PMID:37920525
Biological Evaluation of 8-Methoxy-2,5-dimethyl-5H-indolo[2,3-b] Quinoline as a Potential Antitumor Agent via PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Ma Y, Zhu H, Jiang X, Zhou Z, Zhou Y, Tian Y, Zhang H, Sun M, Tu L, Lu J, Niu Y, Liu H, Liu Y, Chen P Int J Mol Sci 13-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10606936
doi:10.3390/ijms242015142
PMID:37894822
Inflammatory signaling pathways in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease with inhibitors, natural products and metabolites (Review) Zheng Y, Zhang X, Zhang R, Wang Z, Gan J, Gao Q, Yang L, Xu P, Jiang X Int J Mol Med 04-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10558228
doi:10.3892/ijmm.2023.5314
PMID:37800614
Ghana’s herbal medicine industry: prospects, challenges and ways forward from a developing country perspective Asase A Front Pharmacol 03-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10579918
doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1267398
PMID:37854720
Cytotoxic Potential of Novel Quinoline Derivative: 11-(1,4-Bisaminopropylpiperazinyl)5-methyl-5H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoline against Different Cancer Cell Lines via Activation and Deactivation of the Expression of Some Proteins Abd Elrahman SF, Ahmed AA, Abd Elsatar D, Elkady S, Elgendy A, Alnakeeb F, Elmongy EI, Henidi HA, El-Gendy SM, El Sayed IE, El-Gokha AA, Abd Eldaim MA Int J Mol Sci 20-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10532317
doi:10.3390/ijms241814336
PMID:37762637
Comparison of the Efficacy of Longer versus Shorter Pulsed High Dose Dapsone Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Lyme Disease/Post Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome with Bartonellosis and Associated Coinfections Horowitz RI, Fallon J, Freeman PR Microorganisms 12-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10537894
doi:10.3390/microorganisms11092301
PMID:37764145
Herbs Used in Antimalarial Medicines: A Study in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana Nortey NN, Korsah S, Tagoe M, Apenteng JA, Owusu FA, Oppong J, Attah AE, Allotey S Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 19-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10460277
doi:10.1155/2023/6697078
PMID:37636997
Cryptolepine Suppresses Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation, Stemness, and Metastatic Processes by Inhibiting WNT/β-Catenin Signaling Quarshie JT, Fosu K, Offei NA, Sobo AK, Quaye O, Aikins AR Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 19-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10383422
doi:10.3390/ph16071026
PMID:37513937

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Eicosanoids / Prostaglandins and related compounds
methyl 2-[(1R,2R,3R,4R,5S,6E,9R,10R,12R,14R,15S,16S,17R,18S,19S)-2,3,16-triacetyloxy-4-[(S)-acetyloxy(furan-3-yl)methyl]-19-(acetyloxymethyl)-15-hydroxy-6-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropylidene)-4,12,17-trimethyl-7-oxo-8,11,13,20-tetraoxaheptacyclo[10.7.1.114,17.01,10.05,10.09,15.014,19]henicosan-18-yl]acetate 163188028 Click to see CC(C)C(=C1C2C(C(C(C34C25C(C6(C(C7(CC6(C3(C7CC(=O)OC)COC(=O)C)OC(O4)(O5)C)C)OC(=O)C)O)OC1=O)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)(C)C(C8=COC=C8)OC(=O)C)O 888.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JHET.5570330343
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Hydroxy fatty acids
(R)-(-)-Mevalonic acid 439230 Click to see 148.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9605246
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-11106
https://doi.org/10.1211/146080800128736132
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids
2-(2-Carboxymethylcyclopropyl)glycine 85393234 Click to see 173.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199606)10:4<317::AID-PTR858>3.0.CO;2-0
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9605246
https://doi.org/10.1002/JHET.5570330343
https://doi.org/10.1002/MRC.1260331003
https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(96)00112-8
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00925-J
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-11106
https://doi.org/10.1211/146080800128736132
> Organic nitrogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Amines / Tertiary amines / Tertiary alkylarylamines / Alkyldiarylamines
5-Methyl-10,12-dihydroindolo[3,2-b][1]benzazepin-11-one 10611504 Click to see 262.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JHET.5570320537
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzazepines
Cryptoheptine 10061250 Click to see 262.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(94)90079-5
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50124A002
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives
Quindolinone 129686415 Click to see 232.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JHET.5570330343
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Pyridoindoles / Alpha carbolines
(5aR)-5-methyl-5a,6-dihydroindolo[2,3-b]quinoline 163103717 Click to see CN1C2C(=CC3=CC=CC=C31)C4=CC=CC=C4N2 234.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(96)00112-8
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Pyridoindoles / Delta carbolines
Cryptospirolepine 9914081 Click to see 504.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/MRC.1260331003
https://doi.org/10.1002/JHET.5570330343
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50095A001
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Indoloquinolines
11-Indolo[3,2-b]quinolin-10-yl-5-methylindolo[3,2-b]quinoline 9981100 Click to see 448.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1211/146080800128736132
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50124A002
https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(94)90079-5
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(98)80030-5
11-Methoxyquindoline 10538510 Click to see COC1=C2C(=NC3=CC=CC=C31)C4=CC=CC=C4N2 248.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JHET.5570330343
5-Methyl-11-propan-2-ylindolo[3,2-b]quinoline 10731055 Click to see CC(C)C1=C2C(=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)N(C4=CC=CC=C41)C 274.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP980278T
5,10-Dihydroindolo[3,2-b]quinolin-11-one 337827 Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C3=C(N2)C(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4N3 234.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JHET.5570320369
bis(10H-indolo[3,2-b]quinolin-11-yl)methanone 10600127 Click to see 462.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP980278T
https://doi.org/10.1002/JHET.5570330343
Biscryptolepine 10457065 Click to see CN1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=C3C1=C4C=CC=CC4=N3)C5=C6C(=C7C=CC=CC7=N6)N(C8=CC=CC=C85)C 462.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(98)80030-5
https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(96)00112-8
https://doi.org/10.1211/146080800128736132
Cryptolepicarboline 10739636 Click to see CN1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=C3C1=C4C=CC=CC4=N3)N5C6=CC=CC=C6C7=C5C=NC=C7 398.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JHET.5570330343
https://doi.org/10.1002/MRC.1260331003
Cryptolepine 82143 Click to see 232.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9804886
https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(94)90079-5
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960998
https://doi.org/10.1021/JM9704816
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961531
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00925-J
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-11106
https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.1284
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199805)15:5<367::AID-DIA576>3.0.CO;2-G
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9605246
https://doi.org/10.5772/34708
https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(94)90071-X
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50095A001
https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(96)00112-8
https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2650090510
https://doi.org/10.1002/JHET.5570330343
https://doi.org/10.1211/146080800128736132
https://doi.org/10.1002/JHET.5570280540
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50124A002
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199606)10:4<317::AID-PTR858>3.0.CO;2-0
https://doi.org/10.1002/MRC.1260331003
Cryptolepinoic acid 10016283 Click to see CN1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=C3C1=C4C=CC=CC4=N3)C(=O)O 276.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-11106
Cryptolepinone 178034 Click to see 248.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50124A002
https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(94)90079-5
https://doi.org/10.1002/JHET.5570330343
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-11106
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9804886
Cryptoquindoline 44583948 Click to see 448.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/MRC.1227
Isocryptolepine 380925 Click to see 232.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JHET.5570330343
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199606)10:4<317::AID-PTR858>3.0.CO;2-0
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00925-J
https://doi.org/10.1002/JHET.5570330204
Methyl 5-methylindolo[3,2-b]quinoline-11-carboxylate 9971458 Click to see 290.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-11106
Quindoline 98912 Click to see 218.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/MRC.1260331003
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50124A002
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199606)10:4<317::AID-PTR858>3.0.CO;2-0
https://doi.org/10.1211/146080800128736132
https://doi.org/10.1002/JHET.5570330343
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00925-J
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9605246
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-11106
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Pyrroloquinolines
Neocryptolepine 390526 Click to see 232.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(98)80030-5
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9605246
https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(96)00112-8
https://doi.org/10.1002/JHET.5570330204
https://doi.org/10.1211/146080800128736132

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