Details Top

Internal ID UUID643ff04350d3f359986155
Scientific name Vallesia glabra
Authority Link
First published in Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 207 (1821)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
Vallesia glabra yields a milky latex that has been investigated as a source of rubber and guttiferous principles. The root bark of some Vallesia species contains alkaloids; alkaloid-rich extracts have been used as chemotaxonomic markers in systematic studies but are not developed commercial products.

Industrial and craft applications:
Latex from stems and leaves can be fractionated to isolate natural rubber fractions and non‑rubber components (gums/resins). The resin/gum fraction has been proposed for natural adhesive systems and as a base for coating materials; however, characterization remains incomplete.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
No confirmed food or beverage uses are documented. The plant is not recorded as an edible species or as a source of flour, oil, or beverage ingredients.

Colorants and tanning:
No reliable reports of use as a source of dyes, inks, or tannins for leather tanning are available for V. glabra.

Wood and fiber:
The shrub’s woody stems are small and not described as a timber source. No fiber uses (bast, bark, or leaf fibers) are reported.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
There are no verified uses in perfumery or cosmetics.

Properties relevant to use:
Chemical analyses of the latex report typical cis‑1,4‑polyisoprene in the rubber fraction along with mixed terpenoids (e.g., diterpenes) that influence solubility and film formation. Studies note variability in latex composition and molecular weight, affecting processability. Root bark alkaloids such as vallesine and quebrachamine have been characterized, supporting chemotaxonomic applications but not industrial utilization.

Standards and regulation:
No international or national standards apply to V. glabra latex, resins, or alkaloids for industrial, food, cosmetic, or timber use. Chemically, purified natural rubber is regulated under ASTM D4483 for rubber compounding tests and ISO 247 for ash content.

Sustainability and sourcing:
The species occurs as a tropical shrub with a scattered distribution; no commercial plantation or wild‑harvest protocols are documented. Sustainability depends on habitat conservation and controlled, non‑destructive collection if latex is investigated further.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Rauvolfia glabra Cav. Icon. 3: 50 (1796)
Vallesia chiococcoides Kunth Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 233 (1819)
Vallesia cymbifolia Ortega Nov. Rar. Pl. Descr. Dec. : 58 (1798)
Vallesia dichotoma Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. 2: 26 (1799)
Vallesia inedita Guib. Trait. Drog. Simpl. , ed. 6, 2: 376 (1869)
Vallesia punctata Spreng. Neue Entd. 3: 33 (1822)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English tearshrub
English pearlberry

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Northern America
    • Mexico
      • Mexico Gulf
      • Mexico Northeast
      • Mexico Northwest
      • Mexico Southwest
  • Southern America
    • Brazil
      • Brazil North
    • Southern South America
      • Argentina Northeast
      • Argentina Northwest
      • Paraguay
    • Western South America
      • Bolivia
      • Colombia
      • Peru

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000330962
USDA Plants VAGL2
Tropicos 1800051
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:82668-1
The Plant List kew-211409
Open Tree Of Life 3870740
Nature Serve 2.156233
IUCN Red List 62543
IPNI 82668-1
iNaturalist 62894
GBIF 5414418
EOL 466218
USDA GRIN 41099
Wikipedia Vallesia_glabra

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Über ein Alkaloid aus Vallesia glabra M. Hartmann, E. Schlittler Wiley 26-Dec-2004
doi:10.1002/HLCA.19390220166
Alkaloid‐Studien LII. Die Alkaloide aus <i>Vallesia dichotoma</i> R<scp>UIZ</scp><i>et</i> P<scp>AV</scp> A. Walser, Carl Djerassi Wiley 23-Dec-2004
doi:10.1002/HLCA.19650480220
Alkaloids from leaves and stems of Vallesia glabra. Zèches M, Mesbah K, Richard B, Moretti C, Nuzillard JM, Men-Olivier LL Planta Med 01-Feb-1995
doi:10.1055/S-2006-958014
PMID:17238065
[About Vallesin, a new alkaloid from Vallesia glabra]. SCHLITTLER E, ROTTENBERG M Helv Chim Acta 01-Jan-1970
doi:10.1002/HLCA.19480310221
PMID:18914028

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Aspidospermatan-type alkaloids
(+)-Vincadifformine 811594 Click to see 338.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19650480220
(1R,9R,12S,19S)-12-ethyl-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6-triene 162938360 Click to see 296.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19650480220
1-[(1R,9R,12S,19S)-12-ethyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6-trien-8-yl]ethanone 162915600 Click to see CCC12CCCN3C1C4(CC3)C(CC2)N(C5=CC=CC=C45)C(=O)C 324.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19650480220
1-Acetyl-17-methoxyaspidospermidine 579922 Click to see CCC12CCCN3C1C4(CC3)C(CC2)N(C5=C4C=CC=C5OC)C(=O)C 354.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958014
https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19390220166
12-Ethyl-6-methoxy-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2(7),3,5-triene-8-carbaldehyde 12444660 Click to see CCC12CCCN3C1C4(CC3)C(CC2)N(C5=C4C=CC=C5OC)C=O 340.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958014
https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19480310221
Aspidospermidine, 1-acetyl- 580310 Click to see 324.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19650480220
Aspidospermidine, 17-methoxy- 14191499 Click to see 312.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19650480220
Aspidospermine 227613 Click to see 354.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19390220166
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958014
Deacetylaspidospermine 580302 Click to see 312.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19650480220
Methyl 2,3-didehydroaspidospermidine-3-carboxylate 579873 Click to see CCC12CCCN3C1C4(CC3)C5=CC=CC=C5NC4=C(C2)C(=O)OC 338.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19650480220
N-Methylaspidospermidine 580091 Click to see 296.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19650480220
Vallesine 20054841 Click to see CCC12CCCN3C1C4(CC3)C(CC2)N(C5=C4C=CC=C5OC)C=O 340.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958014
https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19480310221
Vincadifformine 94255 Click to see 338.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958014
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Strychnos alkaloids
(+)-Condylocarpine 10914255 Click to see CC=C1C2CCN3C1C4(CC3)C5=CC=CC=C5NC4=C2C(=O)OC 322.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958014
Aspidospermatine 5281351 Click to see CC=C1C2CCN3C1C4(CC3)C(C2)N(C5=C4C=CC=C5OC)C(=O)C 338.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958014
Condylocarpine 5378963 Click to see CC=C1C2CCN3C1C4(CC3)C5=CC=CC=C5NC4=C2C(=O)OC 322.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958014
Dihydrocondylocarpine 100004 Click to see 324.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958014
methyl (1S,17R,18S)-18-ethyl-8,14-diazapentacyclo[9.5.2.01,9.02,7.014,17]octadeca-2,4,6,9-tetraene-10-carboxylate 134716702 Click to see 324.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958014
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Vallesaman alkaloids
Apparicine 5281349 Click to see 264.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958014
> Benzenoids
(R)-Rhazinilam 160263 Click to see 294.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958014
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eremophilane, 8,9-secoeremophilane and furoeremophilane sesquiterpenoids
[(1R,2R,4aR,5S,8aR)-5-hydroxy-1,8a-dimethyl-6-oxo-7-propan-2-ylidene-2,3,4,4a,5,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-2-yl] (2E,4E,6E)-5-methyldodeca-2,4,6-trienoate 162941283 Click to see CCCCCC=CC(=CC=CC(=O)OC1CCC2C(C(=O)C(=C(C)C)CC2(C1C)C)O)C 442.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19650480220
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Amino acids and derivatives / Delta amino acids and derivatives
methyl (1S,2S,11S,12R,16Z)-2-ethyl-16-ethylidene-11-(hydroxymethyl)-9,15-diazatetracyclo[10.3.1.02,10.03,8]hexadeca-3,5,7,9-tetraene-11-carboxylate 163185041 Click to see CCC12C3C(=CC)C(CCN3)C(C1=NC4=CC=CC=C24)(CO)C(=O)OC 354.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19650480220
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Carbazoles
(1R,4R,12R,16S)-7-methoxy-17-oxa-5,15-diazahexacyclo[13.4.3.01,16.04,12.06,11.012,16]docosa-6(11),7,9-triene-5-carbaldehyde 163193767 Click to see 354.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19650480220
(2R,8S,9R,10S,12R,13R,16S)-13-hydroxy-16,19-dimethoxy-5,10-dimethyl-11,17-dioxa-5,14-diazahexacyclo[12.7.1.12,9.02,13.08,12.018,22]tricosa-1(22),18,20-triene-15,23-dione 162939616 Click to see CC1C2C3CCN(CCC4(C2=O)C5=C6C(=C(C=C5)OC)OC(C(=O)N6C4(C3O1)O)OC)C 444.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958014
1-[(1R,4R,12R,16S)-7-hydroxy-17-oxa-5,15-diazahexacyclo[13.4.3.01,16.04,12.06,11.012,16]docosa-6(11),7,9-trien-5-yl]ethanone 15559624 Click to see CC(=O)N1C2CCC34CCCN5C3(C2(CC5)C6=C1C(=CC=C6)O)OCC4 354.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958014
1-[(1R,4R,12R,16S)-7-methoxy-17-oxa-5,15-diazahexacyclo[13.4.3.01,16.04,12.06,11.012,16]docosa-6(11),7,9-trien-5-yl]ethanone 163039996 Click to see CC(=O)N1C2CCC34CCCN5C3(C2(CC5)C6=C1C(=CC=C6)OC)OCC4 368.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19650480220
1-[(1R,9S,11S,16S,17E)-17-ethylidene-8,14-diazapentacyclo[9.4.2.01,9.02,7.014,16]heptadeca-2,4,6-trien-8-yl]ethanone 163185476 Click to see CC=C1C2CCN3C1C4(C3)C(C2)N(C5=CC=CC=C45)C(=O)C 294.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19650480220
1-[(1R,9S,11S,16S)-17-ethylidene-8,14-diazapentacyclo[9.4.2.01,9.02,7.014,16]heptadeca-2,4,6-trien-8-yl]ethanone 162938124 Click to see 294.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19650480220
13a,3a-(Epoxyethano)-1H-indolizino[8,1-cd]carbazole, 6-acetyl-2,3,4,5,5a,6,11,12-octahydro-7-methoxy- 586852 Click to see 368.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19650480220
5-Acetyl-7-hydroxy-17-oxa-5,15-diazahexacyclo[13.4.3.01,16.04,12.06,11.012,16]docosa-6(11),7,9-trien-18-one 163104194 Click to see CC(=O)N1C2CCC34CCCN5C3(C2(CC5)C6=C1C(=CC=C6)O)OC(=O)C4 368.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958014
Aspidoalbidine, 1-formyl-17-methoxy- 586842 Click to see 354.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19650480220
Dichotine, 11-methoxy- 551168 Click to see 444.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958014
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Pyridoindoles / Beta carbolines
(1S,9R,16R,19R)-16-ethyl-2-methyl-2,12-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.03,8.016,19]nonadeca-3,5,7-triene 11011917 Click to see 296.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19650480220

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