Trifolium medium
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643fdf20ebb98843652650 |
| Scientific name | Trifolium medium |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Amoen. Acad.4: 105 (1759) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Pasture and hay for ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats) – harvested at late vegetative stage, high protein.
- Silage – ensiled material used in winter feeding.
- Honey – nectar collected by honeybees; contributes to honey production in regions where the species is abundant.
Industrial and craft applications:
- Seed‑mix component in cover‑crop blends for erosion control and soil stabilization.
- Green manure – incorporated into soil to increase organic matter and provide biologically fixed nitrogen.
- Ornamental ground‑cover in low‑maintenance landscaping.
Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
- Young leaves and flower heads are edible raw in salads or as a garnish; they can be cooked like spinach.
- Seeds may be sprouted and used as a protein‑rich garnish or incorporated into baked goods.
Properties relevant to use:
- Symbiotic nitrogen fixation with Rhizobium (≈ 100–150 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) reducing synthetic fertilizer need.
- Crude protein content of 16–20 % of dry matter in vegetative material; high in‑vitro dry‑matter digestibility (> 70 %).
- Low lignin and high cellulose in stems, contributing to palatability and rapid fermentation in silage.
- Moderate dry‑matter yield (3–5 t ha⁻¹) under temperate conditions.
Standards and regulation:
- Classified in the International Feed Number (IFN) system as “Clovers, medium” (IFN 5‑01‑238) for feed‑composition reporting.
- EU feed‑safety legislation (Regulation (EC) No 2003/2003) governs contaminant limits and labeling of forages.
- Organic certification bodies (e.g., EU Organic Regulation 2018/848) permit use of the species as a certified organic green manure.
Sustainability and sourcing:
- Native to temperate Europe, it is cultivated widely in the United Kingdom, Scandinavia, and parts of Central Europe.
- As a perennial legume, it requires less frequent reseeding than annual legumes, supporting reduced tillage and lower carbon emissions.
- Its nitrogen‑fixing capacity improves soil fertility and can lower the carbon footprint of livestock systems when incorporated into mixed pastures.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Trifolium flexuosum | Jacq. | Fl. Austriac.4: 45 (1776) |
| Trifolium medium subsp. medium | L. | |
| Lagopus flexuosus | Bernh. | Syst. Verz. Erf.: 238 (1800) |
| Trifolium haynaldianum | Pant. | Oesterr. Bot. Z.28: 282 (1878) |
| Trifolium haynaldii | Meynh. | Kal. Vid. Növén.: 65 (1877) |
| Trifolium flexicaule | Vill. | Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné: 43 (1779) |
| Trifolium subexpansum | Schur | Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn15(2): 177 (1877) |
| Trifolium pensylvanicum | Willd. | Enum. Pl.: 793 (1809) |
| Trifolium aucheri | Boiss. | Fl. Orient.2: 114 (1872) |
| Trigonella micrantha | Desf. | Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3: 410 (1829) |
| Trifolium medium subsp. eriocalycinum | (Hausskn.) Ponert | Feddes Repert.83: 637 (1972 publ. 1973) |
| Trifolium medium var. eriocalycinum | Hausskn. | Mitt. Geogr. Ges. (Thüringen) Jena5(Gesamtthüring): 22 (1886) |
| Trifolium medium subsp. flexuosum | (Jacq.) Asch. & Graebn. | Syn. Mitteleur. Fl.6(2): 567 (1908) |
| Trifolium medium subsp. skorpili | Velen. | Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag 29: 7 (1894) |
| Trifolium medium subsp. skorpilii | Velen. | Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl.1894(29): 7 (1895) |
| Trifolium medium var. angustifolium | Wimm. & Grab. | Fl. Siles.2(2): 37 (1829) |
| Trifolium medium var. angustium | Wahlenb. | Fl. Suec.1: 466 (1826) |
| Trifolium medium var. brachycalycinum | Rouy | G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France5: 125 (1899) |
| Trifolium medium var. majus | Boiss. | Fl. Orient.2: 114 (1872) |
| Trifolium medium var. microphyllum | Lej. | Rev. Fl. Spa: 248 (1825) |
| Trifolium medium var. microphyllum | Lej. & Courtois | Comp. Fl. Belg.3: 53 (1836) |
| Trifolium medium var. angustius | Wahlenb. | Fl. Suecica2: 466 (1826) |
| Trifolium medium var. strictum | Hartm. | Handb. Skand. Fl., ed. 2: 203 (1832) |
| Trifolium medium f. pedunculosum | (Ser.) C.Vicioso | Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 11: 330 (1954) |
| Trifolium medium subsp. pendunculosum | Ser. | Prodr. 2: 195 (1825) |
| Trifolium medium var. flexuosum | (Jacq.) C.Vicioso | Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 11: 329 (1954) |
| Trifolium alpestre | Crantz | Stirp. Austr. Fasc. , ed. 2: 407 (1769) |
| Trifolium affine | Lej. ex Ser. | Prodr. 2: 195 (1825) |
| Trifolium medium var. subpilosum | Charit. | Dopoln. Fl. i Rastitel'n. Yuga Zapadnoi Sibiri : 185 (2020) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | zigzag clover |
| Belarusian | дзятліна баравая |
| Belarusian | дзяцеліна баравая |
| Belarusian | канюшына |
| Belarusian | канюшына белая |
| Belarusian | канюшына сярэдняя |
| Bulgarian | междинна детелина |
| Czech | jetel prostřední |
| Welsh | meillionen igam-ogam |
| Danish | bugtet kløver |
| German | mittlerer klee |
| German | zickzack-klee |
| Estonian | trifolium flexuosum |
| Estonian | keskmine ristik |
| Persian | شبدر گاوی |
| Finnish | metsäapila |
| French | trèfle intermédiaire |
| Croatian | srednja djetelina |
| Upper Sorbian | mjezny dźećel |
| Igbo | zigzag clover |
| Icelandic | skógarsmári |
| Georgian | ტყის სამყურა |
| Lithuanian | Šilinis dobilas |
| Latvian | zirgu āboliņš |
| myv | Аволь сэрей вараканьпал |
| myv | аволь сэрей вараканьпря тикше |
| Norwegian Bokmål | skogkløver |
| Dutch | bochtige klaver |
| Polish | koniczyna pogięta |
| Russian | Клевер средни |
| Russian | Клевер средний |
| Slovak | ďatelina prostredná |
| Slovenian | srednja detelja |
| Swedish | skogsklöver |
| Turkish | köse yonca |
| Ukrainian | Конюшина середня |
| Chinese | 中间车轴草 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
No distribution data was extracted from POWO/KEW yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000213979 |
| Canadensys | 5923 |
| USDA Plants | TRME |
| Tropicos | 13040317 |
| INPN | 127382 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:523361-1 |
| The Plant List | ild-9039 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 76048 |
| Observations.org | 2785 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 97028 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0000003233 |
| Nature Serve | 2.140746 |
| IPNI | 523364-1 |
| iNaturalist | 85065 |
| GBIF | 5358812 |
| Freebase | /m/02vmcl9 |
| EPPO | TRFME |
| EOL | 704120 |
| Elurikkus | 8004 |
| USDA GRIN | 310362 |
| Wikipedia | Trifolium_medium |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
| Accession | Assembly | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Level | Submitter | Released | Coverage | Size | |
| GCA_003490085.1 | ASM349008v1 | Scaffold | Masaryk University | 2018-09-06 | 23 | 469.83 Mb |
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Chlorogenic Acid | 1794427 | Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O | 354.31 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564821 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids | |||||
| P-Coumaric Acid | 637542 | Click to see | 164.16 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564821 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Furanoisoflavonoids / Pterocarpans | |||||
| (-)-Maackiain | 91510 | Click to see | 284.26 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(78)90010-8 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Isoflav-2-enes / Isoflavones | |||||
| Daidzein | 5281708 | Click to see | 254.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TALANTA.2009.03.011 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 4-O-methylated isoflavonoids / 4-O-methylisoflavones | |||||
| Biochanin A | 5280373 | Click to see | 284.26 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00565710 |
| Formononetin | 5280378 | Click to see | 268.26 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564617 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TALANTA.2009.03.011 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |