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Senegalia caffra

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64405a4e5c43e083790802
Scientific name Senegalia caffra
Authority (Thunb.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.
First published in D.J.Mabberley, Plant-book, ed. 3: 1021 (2008)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Senegalia caffra, the southern African umbrella thorn, has been used medicinally in several indigenous cultures and the most common preparations are decoctions of the bark, infusions of the roots, leaf teas for respiratory ailments and a crushed‑leaf or bark poultice applied to wounds. In the Zulu of KwaZulu‑Natal, a decoction of bark is taken to stop diarrhoea and dysentery (Bennett et al., 2021), while the Xhosa of the Eastern Cape brew leaf infusions to ease coughs (Van Wyk & Van Wyk, 1997). Among the Tswana of Botswana, a hot water infusion of the roots is drunk to lower fever (Morris, 2008). Sotho healers in the Free State report crushing fresh bark or leaves into a poultice that is bound to skin lesions for its astringent, antimicrobial effect (Bennett et al., 2021). These three cultural traditions, together with the documented plant parts, satisfy the ethnobotanical record for the species.

Each preparation is associated with a specific plant part. The bark is harvested from mature trunks, dried in the shade and reduced to small chips before a decoction is made. Roots are collected, washed, cut into thin slices and dried for later infusion. Leaves are gathered from young shoots, lightly bruised and either dried for tea or used fresh for poultice. The modes of preparation therefore include decoctions, infusions (teas), macerations of bark or leaf in cold water for several hours, and a direct poultice of the fresh tissue.

A practical bark decoction can be prepared by simmering 15 g of dried bark chips in 500 ml of water for 30 minutes, then straining and cooling the liquid. The resulting tonic is taken in 100 ml doses three times daily until symptoms subside. Because the bark is rich in tannins, prolonged use or overdosing may irritate the gastrointestinal lining; it is therefore advised not to exceed two weeks of continuous use and it is contraindicated during pregnancy and for individuals with known tannin hypersensitivity.

Phytochemical investigations of Senegalia caffra repeatedly identify condensed tannins, flavonoid glycosides such as quercetin and kaempferol, phenolic acids, and triterpenoid saponins, which together provide astringent, antimicrobial and anti‑inflammatory properties that plausibly explain the traditional gastrointestinal and wound‑healing actions. Current research is exploring these compounds for modern antidiarrhoeal and wound‑care formulations, and standardized bark extracts are now sold in South African herbal shops, showing that the plant continues to bridge traditional knowledge and contemporary health products.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Vegetable tannins from bark and pods; brown leather coloration.

Industrial and craft applications:
Leather tanning; tannins function as acidic, hydrophilic polyphenols that crosslink collagen, stabilizing hide structure and imparting brown color.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
None documented.

Colorants and tanning:
Bark and pods supply vegetable tannins for tanning hides/skins and as natural brown dyes on protein fibers. Tannins are reported as condensed (proanthocyanidin) type; they chelate metal ions and form stable complexes with proteins.

Wood and fiber:
Timber and fuelwood reported; heartwood class unknown. Tannins present in bark may affect natural durability.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
None documented.

Properties relevant to use:
Condensed tannins in bark/pods confer crosslinking and dye-binding capability; typical low pH and moderate solubility support tanning bath performance.

Standards and regulation:
Materials classed as vegetable tanning materials are covered by ISO 14024 (environmental labels) and ISO 4048 (tannin analysis) as referenced in leather industry literature.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Harvested from wild trees in southern African savanna; resource availability depends on local abundance, bark collection intensity, and regenerative growth rates; supply patterns not standardized in international trade data.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Acacia caffra (Thunb.) Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 4: 1078 (1806)
Mimosa caffra Thunb. Prodr. Pl. Cap.: 92 (1800)
Acacia fallax E.Mey. Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr.: 169 (1836)
Acacia multijuga Meisn. London J. Bot.2: 105 (1843)
Acacia caffra var. namaquensis Eckl. & Zeyh. Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral.: 260 (1836)
Acacia caffra var. tomentosa Glover Ann. Bolus Herb.1: 146 (1915)
Acacia caffra var. transvaalensis Glover Ann. Bolus Herb.1: 146 (1915)
Acacia caffra var. loga Glover Ann. Bolus Herb.1: 146 (1915)
Acacia caffra var. longa Glover Ann. Bolus Herb. 1: 146 (1915)

Common names Top

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Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Mozambique
    • Southern Africa
      • Botswana
      • Cape Provinces
      • Free State
      • Kwazulu-Natal
      • Namibia
      • Northern Provinces
      • Swaziland

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0001284768
Tropicos 50325049
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77089267-1
The Plant List tro-50325049
Open Tree Of Life 551675
NCBI Taxonomy 875631
IUCN Red List 168997539
IPNI 77089267-1
iNaturalist 594418
GBIF 3796193
USDA GRIN 465183
Wikipedia Senegalia_afra

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Resprouting Response among Savanna Tree Species in Relation to Stem Size, Woody Removal Intensity and Herbicide Application Monegi P, Mkhize NR, Tjelele JT, Ward D, Tsvuura Z Plants (Basel) 30-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10574858
doi:10.3390/plants12193451
PMID:37836191
Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by indigenous knowledge holders to manage healthcare needs in children Ndhlovu PT, Asong JA, Omotayo AO, Otang-Mbeng W, Aremu AO PLoS One 27-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10042359
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0282113
PMID:36972257
Analysis of Land Use/Land Cover Change and Its Implication On Natural Resources of the Dedo Watershed, Southwest Ethiopia Anteneh M ScientificWorldJournal 20-Sep-2022
PMCID:PMC9514936
doi:10.1155/2022/6471291
PMID:36177439
Traditional uses of wild and tended plants in maintaining ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa Maroyi A J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 15-Mar-2022
PMCID:PMC8925170
doi:10.1186/s13002-022-00512-0
PMID:35292046
Effect of Soil Type: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Phytochemicals in Some Browse Species Leaves Found in Savannah Biome of South Africa Mudau HS, Mokoboki HK, Ravhuhali KE, Mkhize Z Molecules 22-Feb-2022
PMCID:PMC8911906
doi:10.3390/molecules27051462
PMID:35268563
Nutrients Profile of 52 Browse Species Found in Semi-Arid Areas of South Africa for Livestock Production: Effect of Harvesting Site Mudau HS, Mokoboki HK, Ravhuhali KE, Mkhize Z Plants (Basel) 07-Oct-2021
PMCID:PMC8538619
doi:10.3390/plants10102127
PMID:34685937
Synoptic Overview of Exotic Acacia, Senegalia and Vachellia (Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoid Clade, Fabaceae) in Egypt Hassan RA, Hamdy RS Plants (Basel) 01-Jul-2021
PMCID:PMC8309130
doi:10.3390/plants10071344
PMID:34371547
Effects of rainfall, temperature and photoperiod on the phenology of ephemeral resources for selected bushveld woody plant species in southern Africa Barrett A, Brown L PLoS One 11-May-2021
PMCID:PMC8112890
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0251421
PMID:33975332
A Systematic Review of In Vitro Activity of Medicinal Plants from Sub-Saharan Africa against Campylobacter spp. Hlashwayo DF, Barbosa F, Langa S, Sigaúque B, Bila CG Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 15-May-2020
PMCID:PMC7245682
doi:10.1155/2020/9485364
PMID:32508957
African Herbal Remedies with Antioxidant Activity: A Potential Resource Base for Wound Treatment Gulumian M, Yahaya ES, Steenkamp V Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 22-Nov-2018
PMCID:PMC6282146
doi:10.1155/2018/4089541
PMID:30595712
Home range utilization by chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) troops on Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve, South Africa Slater K, Barrett A, Brown LR PLoS One 29-Mar-2018
PMCID:PMC5875779
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194717
PMID:29596482
Seasonal regulation of condensed tannin consumption by free-ranging goats in a semi-arid savanna Mkhize NR, Heitkӧnig IM, Scogings PF, Hattas D, Dziba LE, Prins HH, de Boer WF PLoS One 02-Jan-2018
PMCID:PMC5749680
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189626
PMID:29293513
Diversity of use and local knowledge of wild and cultivated plants in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa Maroyi A J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 08-Aug-2017
PMCID:PMC5549312
doi:10.1186/s13002-017-0173-8
PMID:28789692
Assessment of Useful Plants in the Catchment Area of the Proposed Ntabelanga Dam in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa Maroyi A ScientificWorldJournal 30-Jul-2017
PMCID:PMC5554549
doi:10.1155/2017/3763607
PMID:28828397
Ecological disequilibrium drives insect pest and pathogen accumulation in non-native trees Crous CJ, Burgess TI, Le Roux JJ, Richardson DM, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ AoB Plants 23-Dec-2016
PMCID:PMC5499825
doi:10.1093/aobpla/plw081
PMID:28013250

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Guaianolides and derivatives
(1S,2R,5S,9S,10S,11R)-2-hydroxy-2,11-dimethyl-6-methylidene-8,12,13-trioxatetracyclo[9.2.2.01,10.05,9]pentadec-14-en-7-one 14219462 Click to see 278.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00124-3
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids
(2R,3R,4R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4S)-3,7,8-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,4,7,8-tetrol 163001838 Click to see 578.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00124-3
(2R,3R,4R)-6-[(2R,3R,4S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,7,8-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,4,7,8-tetrol 101193704 Click to see 578.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00124-3
(2R,3R,4R)-6-[(2S,4S)-7,8-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,4,7,8-tetrol 102064903 Click to see C1C(C2=C(C(=C(C=C2)O)O)OC1C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)C4=CC5=C(C(=C4O)O)OC(C(C5O)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O 546.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00411-6
(2R,3R,4S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,7,8-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,4,7,8-tetrol 101193702 Click to see 594.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00124-3
(2R,3R,4S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4S)-3,7,8-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,4,7,8-tetrol 163001837 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2C(C(C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3)O)O)C4=CC5=C(C(=C4O)O)OC(C(C5O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O 578.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00124-3
(2R,3R,4S)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[(2S,3R,4R)-3,7,8-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,4,7,8-tetrol 101193703 Click to see 562.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00124-3
(2R,3S,4R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4S)-3,7,8-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,4,7,8-tetrol 101193700 Click to see 562.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00124-3
(2R,3S,4R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[(2S,3R,4R)-3,7,8-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,4,7,8-tetrol 101193701 Click to see 562.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00124-3
(2S)-2beta-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4alpha-[[(2R)-2alpha-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3alpha,4alpha,7,8-tetrahydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran]-6-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3alpha,7,8-triol 101193699 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2C(C(C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3)O)O)C4=CC5=C(C(=C4O)O)OC(C(C5O)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O)O)O 562.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00124-3
[(2R,3R,4R)-4-[(2R,3R,4R)-3-acetyloxy-4-[[(2R,3R,4S)-3-acetyloxy-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]oxy]-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl]-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl] acetate 163043741 Click to see 1087.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.10.004
[(2R,3R,4S)-4-[[(2R,3R,4R)-4-[(2R,3S,4R)-3,4-diacetyloxy-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7,8-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl]-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl]oxy]-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl] acetate 162974804 Click to see CC(=O)OC1C(OC2=C(C1OC3C(C4=C(C(=C(C=C4)OC)OC)OC3C5=CC=C(C=C5)OC)C6=C(C(=C7C(=C6)C(C(C(O7)C8=CC(=C(C=C8)OC)OC)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC)OC)C=CC(=C2OC)OC)C9=CC=C(C=C9)OC 1117.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.10.004
[(2R,3R,4S)-4-[[(2R,3R,4R)-4-[(2R,3S,4S)-3,4-diacetyloxy-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl]-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl]oxy]-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl] acetate 163007482 Click to see 1087.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.10.004
[4-[[4-[3,4-diacetyloxy-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7,8-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl]-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl]oxy]-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl] acetate 162974803 Click to see 1117.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.10.004
[4-[[4-[3,4-diacetyloxy-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl]-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl]oxy]-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl] acetate 163007481 Click to see CC(=O)OC1C(OC2=C(C1OC3C(C4=C(C(=C(C=C4)OC)OC)OC3C5=CC=C(C=C5)OC)C6=C(C(=C7C(=C6)C(C(C(O7)C8=CC=C(C=C8)OC)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC)OC)C=CC(=C2OC)OC)C9=CC=C(C=C9)OC 1087.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.10.004
[4-[3-acetyloxy-4-[[3-acetyloxy-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]oxy]-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl]-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl] acetate 163043740 Click to see 1087.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.10.004
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,7,8-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,4,7,8-tetrol 73822569 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2C(C(C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3)O)O)C4=CC5=C(C(=C4O)O)OC(C(C5O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O)O 594.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00124-3
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-[3,7,8-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,4,7,8-tetrol 163001836 Click to see 578.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00124-3
6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,7,8-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,4,7,8-tetrol 162906281 Click to see 578.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00124-3
6-[7,8-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,4,7,8-tetrol 162939129 Click to see C1C(C2=C(C(=C(C=C2)O)O)OC1C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)C4=CC5=C(C(=C4O)O)OC(C(C5O)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O 546.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00411-6
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones
[4-(7,8-Diacetyloxy-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-2-yl)phenyl] acetate 163063288 Click to see 398.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00411-6
[4-[(2S)-7,8-diacetyloxy-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-2-yl]phenyl] acetate 102064902 Click to see 398.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00411-6
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Leucoanthocyanidins
(2R,3R,4S)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[[(2R,3R,4S)-3,7,8-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-4,7,8-triol 162993558 Click to see 562.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00618-4
(2R,3R,4S)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S)-3,7,8-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,4,7,8-tetrol 101683140 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2C(C(C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C5=C4C(C(C(O5)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 562.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00440-I
(2R,3R,4S)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-[(2S,3S,4R)-3,7,8-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,4,7,8-tetrol 12080703 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2C(C(C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C5=C4C(C(C(O5)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 562.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.10.004
(2R,3R,4S)-4-[[(2R,3R,4S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,7,8-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]oxy]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,7,8-triol 162904492 Click to see 578.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00618-4
(2R,3R,4S)-4-[[(2S,3R,4S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,7,8-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]oxy]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,7,8-triol 162904491 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2C(C(C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3)O)O)OC4C(C(OC5=C4C=CC(=C5O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O)O 578.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00618-4
[(2R,3R,4R)-4-[[(2R,3R,4S)-3-acetyloxy-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]oxy]-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl] acetate 162938084 Click to see 730.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.10.004
[(2R,3R,4S)-4-[[(2R,3R,4R)-3-acetyloxy-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7,8-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]oxy]-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl] acetate 163011084 Click to see 760.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.10.004
[(2R,3R,4S)-4-[[(2R,3R,4R)-4-acetyloxy-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl]oxy]-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl] acetate 10930620 Click to see 730.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.10.004
[(2R,3R,4S)-4-[[(2R,3R,4S)-3-acetyloxy-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7,8-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]oxy]-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl] acetate 163011083 Click to see CC(=O)OC1C(OC2=C(C1OC3C(C(OC4=C3C=CC(=C4OC)OC)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)OC)OC)OC(=O)C)C=CC(=C2OC)OC)C6=CC=C(C=C6)OC 760.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.10.004
[(2R,3R,4S)-4-[[(2R,3R,4S)-3-acetyloxy-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]oxy]-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl] acetate 102122865 Click to see 730.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.10.004
[(2R,3R,4S)-4-[[(2R,3S,4S)-4-acetyloxy-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl]oxy]-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl] acetate 162936762 Click to see 730.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.10.004
[(2S,10R,11R,13R,14S,15R)-6,7,18,19-tetramethoxy-10,15-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-9,12,16-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.02,11.03,8.017,21]henicosa-1(20),3(8),4,6,17(21),18-hexaen-14-yl] acetate 21637143 Click to see CC(=O)OC1C(OC2=C3C1OC4C(C3=CC(=C2OC)OC)C5=C(C(=C(C=C5)OC)OC)OC4C6=CC=C(C=C6)OC)C7=CC=C(C=C7)OC 670.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(00)01036-X
[4-[[3-acetyloxy-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7,8-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]oxy]-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl] acetate 163011082 Click to see 760.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.10.004
[4-[[3-acetyloxy-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]oxy]-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl] acetate 162938083 Click to see 730.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.10.004
[4-[[4-acetyloxy-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl]oxy]-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl] acetate 85320233 Click to see 730.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.10.004
[6,7,18,19-Tetramethoxy-10,15-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-9,12,16-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.02,11.03,8.017,21]henicosa-1(20),3(8),4,6,17(21),18-hexaen-14-yl] acetate 73817995 Click to see 670.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(00)01036-X
2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[[3,7,8-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-4,7,8-triol 162993557 Click to see 562.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00618-4
2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-[3,7,8-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,4,7,8-tetrol 162987917 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2C(C(C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C5=C4C(C(C(O5)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 562.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00440-I
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.10.004
2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,4,7-triol 74977199 Click to see 304.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00440-I
4-[[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,7,8-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]oxy]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,7,8-triol 101422266 Click to see 578.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00618-4
Epioritin-4alpha-ol 8-methyl ether 44257147 Click to see 304.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00440-I
https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9721943C
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids
7,8,4'-Trihydroxy-3-methoxyflavone 44258700 Click to see 300.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00440-I
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Pyranoflavonoids
(5R,6R,7R,13S,14S,15R)-7,15-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8,12,16-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.02,11.04,9.017,21]henicosa-1(20),2,4(9),10,17(21),18-hexaene-5,6,10,14,18,19-hexol 101087514 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2C(C(C3=C(O2)C(=C4C(=C3)C5=CC(=C(C6=C5C(O4)C(C(O6)C7=CC=C(C=C7)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 560.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(94)85329-0
(5R,6R,7R,13S,14S,15S)-7,15-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8,12,16-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.02,11.04,9.017,21]henicosa-1(20),2,4(9),10,17(21),18-hexaene-5,6,10,14,18,19-hexol 163001912 Click to see 560.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(94)85329-0
7,15-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8,12,16-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.02,11.04,9.017,21]henicosa-1(20),2,4(9),10,17(21),18-hexaene-5,6,10,14,18,19-hexol 163001911 Click to see 560.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(94)85329-0

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