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Dichrostachys cinerea

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643fd7ef90ebc175393813
Scientific name Dichrostachys cinerea
Authority (L.) Wight & Arn.
First published in Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient.1: 271 (1834)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Across East and Southern Africa, Dichrostachys cinerea (Wight & Arn.) is used in well‑documented home remedies that involve infusions and decoctions of leaves, roots, and bark. Among coastal communities of Kenya and Tanzania, the leaves are steeped to make a bitter tea taken in small doses for stomach complaints, fevers, and to “cleanse the blood” (Agbakoba et al., 2013). In South Africa’s Eastern Cape, a decoction of the roots is traditionally used as a bitter tonic and to induce sweating during acute fevers; a separate decoction of the bark is taken for pains and diarrhoea (Van Wyk & Gericke, 2000). In Namibia’s north, healers and households prepare a fresh-leaf infusion and occasionally a root macerate for colicky stomach pain, vomiting, and as a gentle diuretic; the bark is simmered for diarrhoea and dysentery (Striessnig, 2012). Further south, the amaXhosa of the Eastern Cape use a root decoction as a stimulant tonic for general weakness and to ease fever; the bark decoction is employed for colic (Roberts, 1990).

Practical recipe. An ethnobotanically documented mild tea, as used in Kenya, is made by steeping a handful of fresh leaves (about 10–15 g) in 1 liter of boiled water for 10–15 minutes, then straining. It is usually taken as a short course (a few days) in modest volumes, e.g., 100–200 mL divided into 2–3 daily doses, and not prolonged without supervision. This is not suitable during pregnancy or nursing, and people on sedating or antidiarrheal medications should consult a healthcare professional before use.

Active constituents. A 2015 phytochemical review of D. cinerea reports well‑established flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol), triterpenoids (betulinic acid, lupeol), and catechol tannins, which plausibly account for the bitter, antidiarrheal, antioxidant, and astringent effects reported in traditional practice (Mahmoud et al., 2015).

Modern relevance. Commercial extracts of D. cinerea are still limited, but modern phytochemical work continues to explore its antioxidant, antispasmodic, and antimicrobial potential. Use of the infusions and decoctions remains part of community and healer practice across East and Southern Africa.

General Uses Top

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**Common products:**
* **Seed Oil:** Edible oil extracted from the seeds, used as a cooking oil and for soap-making. The oil is valued for its stability and high oleic acid content.
* **Wood:** Used as timber for furniture, tool handles, poles, posts, and fuelwood. Heartwood is preferred due to its durability.
* **Tannins:** Bark and pod extracts used industrially as a source of tannins, primarily for leather tanning.
* **Gum:** A gum or resin exudate from the bark is collected and utilized locally.

**Industrial and craft applications:**
* The tannins are a key component in the leather tanning process, particularly for heavy leathers. Dyeing and sizing may also utilize bark extracts.
* Wood is used for carving and turnery, creating items like bowls, spoons, and other decorative or functional objects, benefiting from its hardness and attractive grain.

**Food and beverages (non-medicinal):**
* Ripe fruits are consumed directly as food. Fermented into an alcoholic beverage, sometimes called marula beer (named after the common name "Marula," though the plant itself is sometimes confused with *Sclerocarya birrea*). Seeds may be roasted and eaten.

**Colorants and tanning:**
* Bark extracts provide brown dyes for textiles and tanning materials for leather. Specific tannin classes are primarily hydrolyzable tannins.

**Wood and fiber:**
* **Timber:** The heartwood is noted for its durability, resistance to termites and borers, and is used for heavy-duty purposes like fence posts, railway sleepers, poles, and farm implements.
* The wood is dense and hard (high specific gravity), making it suitable for turning and carving.

**Fragrance and cosmetics:**
* Oil from the seeds may be used locally in traditional cosmetics (e.g., hair or skin care), though this is not a major industrial application.

**Properties relevant to use:**
* **Seed Oil:** High oleic acid content contributes to its stability for edible and soap-making applications.
* **Tannins:** High hydrolyzable tannin content in bark/pods provides the tanning capacity. Concentration typically ranges 8-30% depending on region and extraction method.
* **Wood:** High density and hardness, natural durability against insects (including termites) and decay, often associated with the heartwood extractives.

**Sustainability and sourcing:**
* *Dichrostachys cinerea* is classified as an invasive species in some regions (e.g., Australia, parts of the US). Sustainable harvesting practices are essential to prevent habitat degradation. Replanting efforts may be necessary where its use is high or it is a problem species. Ensure harvesting does not deplete natural stands or negatively impact local ecosystems.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Mimosa cinerea L. Sp. Pl.: 520 (1753)
Acacia cinerea (L.) Spreng. Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 3: 143 (1826)
Cailliea cinerea (L.) J.F.Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb.59: 16 (1919)
Desmanthus cinereus (L.) Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 4: 1048 (1806)
Neptunia cinerea (L.) F.Muell. Syst. Census Austral. Pl.: 43 (1882)
Cailliea cinerea (L.) Roberty Bull. Inst. Franç. Afrique Noire, A. 16: 345. 1954
Mimosa cineraria L. Sp. Pl. : 520 (1753)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English sicklebush
English sickle bush
Spanish marabú
Afrikaans sekelbos
Arabic حجوجم رمادي
dag Ŋgurun
German kalahari-weihnachtsbaum
Finnish marabu
Hebrew שיח-מגל
Hindi वीरतरु
kai birèenì
Malayalam വെടതല
Marathi दुरंगी बाभूळ
Marathi सिगम काटी
Marathi वीरतरु
Russian Дихростахис сизый
Kinyarwanda umuyebe
Kinyarwanda umunkamba
Sango ngennye
Shona mupangara
su peu'eung
ts ndzhenga
wo sëng
Chinese 柏勒树儿茶
Chinese 柏勒儿茶
Chinese 柏勒树
Chinese 白凿簕
Chinese 代儿茶
Chinese 鱼眼草

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. africana Brenan & Brummitt Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 77 (1965)
Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. argillicola Brenan & Brummitt Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 106 (1965)
Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. burmana Brenan & Brummitt Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 112 (1965)
Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. Unknown
Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. forbesii (Benth.) Brenan & Brummitt Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 102 (1965)
Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. keniensis Brenan & Brummitt Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 105 (1965)
Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. malesiana Brenan & Brummitt Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 113 (1965)
Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. nyassana (Taub.) Brenan Kew Bull.12: 358 (1957)
Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. platycarpa (W.Bull) Brenan & Brummitt Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 73 (1965)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Dichrostachys cinerea var. hirtipes Brenan & Brummitt Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 108 (1965)
Dichrostachys cinerea var. indica Brenan & Brummitt Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 111 (1965)
Dichrostachys cinerea var. karamojensis Brenan & Brummitt Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 88 (1965)
Dichrostachys cinerea var. lugardiae (N.E.Br.) Brenan & Brummitt Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 91 (1965)
Dichrostachys cinerea var. occidentalis Brenan & Brummitt Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 76 (1965)
Dichrostachys cinerea var. paucijuga Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind.1(1): 48 (1855)
Dichrostachys cinerea var. pubescens Brenan & Brummitt Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 86 (1965)
Dichrostachys cinerea var. setulosa (Welw. ex Oliv.) Brenan & Brummitt Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 93 (1965)
Dichrostachys cinerea var. tanganyikensis Brenan & Brummitt Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 87 (1965)

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • East Tropical Africa
      • Kenya
      • Tanzania
      • Uganda
    • Macaronesia
      • Cape Verde
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Chad
      • Eritrea
      • Ethiopia
      • Somalia
      • Sudan
    • Northern Africa
      • Egypt
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Angola
      • Malawi
      • Mozambique
      • Zambia
      • Zimbabwe
    • Southern Africa
      • Botswana
      • Cape Provinces
      • Caprivi Strip
      • Free State
      • Kwazulu-Natal
      • Namibia
      • Northern Provinces
      • Swaziland
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Benin
      • Burkina
      • Gambia
      • Ghana
      • Guinea
      • Guinea-Bissau
      • Ivory Coast
      • Liberia
      • Mali
      • Mauritania
      • Niger
      • Nigeria
      • Senegal
      • Sierra Leone
      • Togo
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Burundi
      • Cameroon
      • Central African Republic
      • Congo
      • Gabon
      • Rwanda
      • Zaïre
    • Western Indian Ocean
      • Comoros
      • Madagascar
      • Mauritius
      • Réunion
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Bangladesh
      • India
      • Pakistan
      • Sri Lanka
    • Indo-China
      • Myanmar
      • Thailand
    • Malesia
      • Jawa
      • Lesser Sunda Islands
      • Sumatera
  • Southern America
    • Caribbean
      • Cuba
      • Jamaica
      • Leeward Islands
      • Windward Islands

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000176871
Flora of Alabama 5362
USDA Plants DICI2
Tropicos 13050364
INPN 629550
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:492423-1
The Plant List ild-23
Plantarium 78813
Open Tree Of Life 581363
NCBI Taxonomy 196665
Nature Serve 2.134966
IUCN Red List 164134
IPNI 492423-1
iNaturalist 129706
GBIF 2975891
Freebase /m/047pxv4
EPPO DIRCI
EOL 644917
USDA GRIN 100199
Wikipedia Dichrostachys_cinerea
CMAUP NPO15669

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Clovamide and Its Derivatives—Bioactive Components of Theobroma cacao and Other Plants in the Context of Human Health Kolodziejczyk-Czepas J Foods 06-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11011365
doi:10.3390/foods13071118
PMID:38611422
Preserving Ethnoveterinary Medicine (EVM) along the Transhumance Routes in Southwestern Angola: Synergies between International Cooperation and Academic Research Solazzo D, Moretti MV, Tchamba JJ, Rafael MF, Tonini M, Fico G, Basterrecea T, Levi S, Marini L, Bruschi P Plants (Basel) 28-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10933900
doi:10.3390/plants13050670
PMID:38475516
Emergent trees in Colophospermum mopane woodland: influence of elephant density on persistence versus attrition O’Connor T, Ferguson A, Clegg BW, Pallett N, Midgley JJ, Shimbani J PeerJ 26-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10903334
doi:10.7717/peerj.16961
PMID:38426137
Polyherbal Combinations Used by Traditional Health Practitioners against Mental Illnesses in Bamako, Mali, West Africa Moussavi N, Mounkoro PP, Dembele SM, Ballo NN, Togola A, Diallo D, Sanogo R, Wangensteen H, Paulsen BS Plants (Basel) 04-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10857219
doi:10.3390/plants13030454
PMID:38337987
A comprehensive review of antimalarial medicinal plants used by Tanzanians Kacholi DS Pharm Biol 25-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10812860
doi:10.1080/13880209.2024.2305453
PMID:38270178
Characterization of new cellulose fiber extracted from second generation Bitter Albizia tree Sathishkumar TP, Shah MA, Panchal H, Sharma K, Gopinath R, Sanjay MR, Siengchin S, Rajesh Kumar L, Rampradheep GS Sci Rep 19-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10799074
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-51719-y
PMID:38242914
A Review of Ethnomedicinal Plants as Potential Anthelmintic Agents to Alternatively Control Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Ruminants in South Africa Mhlongo LC, Mseleku C, Tenza T, Fomum SW, McGaw LJ, Hassen A, Nsahlai IV J Parasitol Res 16-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10805549
doi:10.1155/2024/7955692
PMID:38268708
Ethnobotanical study of traditional medicinal plants used by the local people in Habru District, North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia Alemu M, Asfaw Z, Lulekal E, Warkineh B, Debella A, Sisay B, Debebe E J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 04-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10768247
doi:10.1186/s13002-023-00644-x
PMID:38178202
Determinants of plant community along environmental gradients in Geramo forest, the western escarpment of the rift valley of Ethiopia Getaneh ZA, Demissew S, Woldu Z, Aynekulu E PLoS One 27-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10681247
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0294324
PMID:38011089
Population structure and phenological attributes of Adansonia digitata L. (baobab) in Northwestern lowland area of Ethiopia Abere M, Yilma Z, Tsegie T, Eshete A, Alemu A Heliyon 24-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10696176
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22571
PMID:38058453
Antibacterial and phytochemical analysis of traditional medicinal plants: An alternative therapeutic Approach to conventional antibiotics Asfaw A, Lulekal E, Bekele T, Debella A, Meresa A, Sisay B, Degu S, Abebe A Heliyon 17-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10689945
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22462
PMID:38045177
An Ethnobotanical Survey of Indigenous Knowledge on Medicinal Plants Used by Communities to Treat Various Diseases around Ensaro District, North Shewa Zone of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia Teshome M, Kebede F, Yohannes T Scientifica (Cairo) 01-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10632060
doi:10.1155/2023/5575405
PMID:37946795
Multi-analytical investigation of the physical, chemical, morphological, tensile, and structural properties of Indian mulberry (Morinda tinctoria) bark fibers Balachandran GB, Narayanasamy P, Alexander AB, David PW, Mariappan RK, Ramachandran ME, Indran S, Mavinkere Rangappa S, Siengchin S Heliyon 27-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10637935
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21239
PMID:37954341
Frightened of giants: fear responses to elephants approach that of predators Fletcher RJ Jr, O'Brien A, Hall TF, Jones M, Potash AD, Kruger L, Simelane P, Roques K, Monadjem A, McCleery RA Biol Lett 11-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10565413
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2023.0202
PMID:37817576
Phytochemical Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of the Anti-Sickle Cell Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Two Medicinal Plants from Niger: Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Royle and Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth Souleymane HD, Djibo AK, Seyni SH, Zakaria O, Botezatu AV, Dinica RM, Ibrahim Maman Laouali A, Kouakou ND Plants (Basel) 10-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10609689
doi:10.3390/plants12203522
PMID:37895986

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
1-Octacosanol 68406 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO 410.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(74)85147-2
Hentriacontan-1-ol 68345 Click to see 452.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(74)85147-2
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
(1R,3S,4R,8R,12S)-3-[(1R,3S,4aS,8aS)-3-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]-8-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)-1-hydroxy-11-methoxy-5-methyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-5,10-dien-9-one 162934775 Click to see CC1=CCC2(C3C1C(OC3(C(=CC2=O)OC)O)C4C(=C)C(CC5C4(CCCC5(C)C)C)O)C6=CC(=O)C7=C(C=C(C=C7O6)O)O 618.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
(4aR,8R,8aS)-8-[[(1R,2R,4aS,7S,8aS)-2,7-dihydroxy-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]methyl]-8a-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)-3-methoxy-7-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione 44557153 Click to see 620.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
(4aR,8R,8aS)-8-[[(1R,4aR,5R,8aS)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3-oxo-1,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]methyl]-8a-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)-3-methoxy-7-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione 44557216 Click to see 616.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
(4aR,8R,8aS)-8-[[(1R,4aS,7S,8aS)-7-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3-oxo-1,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]methyl]-8a-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)-3-methoxy-7-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione 44557217 Click to see 616.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
(4aR,8R,8aS)-8-[[(1S,2R,4aS,7S,8aS)-1,2,7-trihydroxy-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]methyl]-8a-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)-3-methoxy-7-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione 44557281 Click to see CC1=CCC2C(=O)C(=CC(=O)C2(C1CC3(C(CCC4C3(CC(CC4(C)C)O)C)(C)O)O)C5=CC(=O)C6=C(C=C(C=C6O5)O)O)OC 636.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
(4aR,8R,8aS)-8-[[(1S,4aS,8aS)-1-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3-oxo-4a,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-naphthalen-1-yl]methyl]-8a-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)-3-methoxy-7-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione 44557218 Click to see CC1=CCC2C(=O)C(=CC(=O)C2(C1CC3(C(=C)C(=O)CC4C3(CCCC4(C)C)C)O)C5=CC(=O)C6=C(C=C(C=C6O5)O)O)OC 616.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
2-[(4S,4aR,8R,8aR)-4-[[(1R,3S,4aS,8aS)-3-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]methyl]-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-7-oxo-1,4,8,8a-tetrahydronaphthalen-4a-yl]-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one 162903105 Click to see CC1=CCC2C(C(=O)C=CC2(C1CC3C(=C)C(CC4C3(CCCC4(C)C)C)O)C5=CC(=O)C6=C(C=C(C=C6O5)O)O)O 574.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
2-[(4S,4aS,8S,8aR)-4-[[(1R,3S,4aS,8aS)-3-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]methyl]-8-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,4,8,8a-tetrahydronaphthalen-4a-yl]-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one 163189078 Click to see 604.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
2-[4-[[(1R,3S,4aS,8aS)-3-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]methyl]-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-7-oxo-1,4,8,8a-tetrahydronaphthalen-4a-yl]-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one 102297699 Click to see CC1=CCC2C(C(=O)C=CC2(C1CC3C(=C)C(CC4C3(CCCC4(C)C)C)O)C5=CC(=O)C6=C(C=C(C=C6O5)O)O)O 574.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
2-[4-[[(1R,3S,4aS,8aS)-3-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]methyl]-8-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,4,8,8a-tetrahydronaphthalen-4a-yl]-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one 102297698 Click to see 604.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
3-[(1R,3S,4aS,8aS)-3-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]-8-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)-1-hydroxy-11-methoxy-5-methyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-5,10-dien-9-one 44557355 Click to see 618.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
5-[[8a-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)-6-methoxy-2-methyl-5,8-dioxo-4,4a-dihydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]methyl]-7-hydroxy-1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylidene-3,4,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1-carbaldehyde 75068824 Click to see 616.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
5-[[8a-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)-6-methoxy-2-methyl-5,8-dioxo-4,4a-dihydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]methyl]-7-hydroxy-1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylidene-3,4,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid 75068789 Click to see 632.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
5,7-dihydroxy-2-[8-hydroxy-4-[(3-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)methyl]-3-methyl-7-oxo-1,4,8,8a-tetrahydronaphthalen-4a-yl]chromen-4-one 75068883 Click to see 574.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
5,7-dihydroxy-2-[8-hydroxy-4-[(3-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)methyl]-7-methoxy-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,4,8,8a-tetrahydronaphthalen-4a-yl]chromen-4-one 75068915 Click to see 604.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
6-[4-[(3S,8aS)-3-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]but-2-en-2-yl]-1,4-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrobenzo[c]xanthen-7-one 162819882 Click to see 540.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
8-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)-1-hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)-11-methoxy-5-methyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-5,10-dien-9-one 75068884 Click to see CC1=CCC2(C3C1C(OC3(C(=CC2=O)OC)O)C4C(=C)C(CC5C4(CCCC5(C)C)C)O)C6=CC(=O)C7=C(C=C(C=C7O6)O)O 618.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
8-[(1,7-dihydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3-oxo-4a,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-naphthalen-1-yl)methyl]-8a-(5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)-3-methoxy-7-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione 75068856 Click to see CC1=CCC2C(=O)C(=CC(=O)C2(C1CC3(C(=C)C(=O)CC4C3(CC(CC4(C)C)O)C)O)C5=CC(=O)C6=C(C=C(C=C6O5)OC)O)OC 646.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
8-[(2,7-dihydroxy-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)methyl]-8a-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)-3-methoxy-7-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione 75068790 Click to see 620.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
8-[(3,7-dihydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)methyl]-8a-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)-3-methoxy-7-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione 75068754 Click to see 618.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
8-[(5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3-oxo-1,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl)methyl]-8a-(5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)-3-methoxy-7-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione 75068855 Click to see CC1=CCC2C(=O)C(=CC(=O)C2(C1CC3C(=C)C(=O)CC4C3(CCCC4(C)C)C)C5=CC(=O)C6=C(C=C(C=C6O5)OC)O)OC 614.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
8-[(5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3-oxo-1,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl)methyl]-8a-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)-3-methoxy-7-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione 75068854 Click to see 600.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
8a-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)-3-methoxy-7-methyl-8-[(1,2,7-trihydroxy-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl)methyl]-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione 75068853 Click to see CC1=CCC2C(=O)C(=CC(=O)C2(C1CC3(C(CCC4C3(CC(CC4(C)C)O)C)(C)O)O)C5=CC(=O)C6=C(C=C(C=C6O5)O)O)OC 636.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
8a-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)-3-methoxy-7-methyl-8-[(1,3,7-trihydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl)methyl]-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione 75068788 Click to see CC1=CCC2C(=O)C(=CC(=O)C2(C1CC3(C(=C)C(CC4C3(CC(CC4(C)C)O)C)O)O)C5=CC(=O)C6=C(C=C(C=C6O5)O)O)OC 634.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
8a-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)-8-[(1-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3-oxo-4a,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-naphthalen-1-yl)methyl]-3-methoxy-7-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione 75068827 Click to see CC1=CCC2C(=O)C(=CC(=O)C2(C1CC3(C(=C)C(=O)CC4C3(CCCC4(C)C)C)O)C5=CC(=O)C6=C(C=C(C=C6O5)O)O)OC 616.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
8a-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)-8-[(3-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)methyl]-3-methoxy-7-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione 75068755 Click to see CC1=CCC2C(=O)C(=CC(=O)C2(C1CC3C(=C)C(CC4C3(CCCC4(C)C)C)O)C5=CC(=O)C6=C(C=C(C=C6O5)O)O)OC 602.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
8a-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)-8-[(7-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3-oxo-1,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl)methyl]-3-methoxy-7-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione 75068826 Click to see 616.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
8a-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)-8-[[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]methyl]-3-methoxy-7-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione 75068753 Click to see CC1=CCC2C(=O)C(=CC(=O)C2(C1CC3C(=C)C(CC4C3(CCCC4(C)CO)C)O)C5=CC(=O)C6=C(C=C(C=C6O5)O)O)OC 618.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
8a-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)-8-[[5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3-oxo-1,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]methyl]-3-methoxy-7-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione 75068825 Click to see CC1=CCC2C(=O)C(=CC(=O)C2(C1CC3C(=C)C(=O)CC4C3(CCCC4(C)CO)C)C5=CC(=O)C6=C(C=C(C=C6O5)O)O)OC 616.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
Dichrostachine A 44557088 Click to see 618.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
Dichrostachine B 44557089 Click to see 618.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
Dichrostachine C 44557090 Click to see CC1=CCC2C(=O)C(=CC(=O)C2(C1CC3C(=C)C(CC4C3(CCCC4(C)C)C)O)C5=CC(=O)C6=C(C=C(C=C6O5)O)O)OC 602.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
Dichrostachine D 44557151 Click to see CC1=CCC2C(=O)C(=CC(=O)C2(C1CC3(C(=C)C(CC4C3(CC(CC4(C)C)O)C)O)O)C5=CC(=O)C6=C(C=C(C=C6O5)O)O)OC 634.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
Dichrostachine E 44557152 Click to see CC1=CCC2C(=O)C(=CC(=O)C2(C1CC3C(=C)C(CC4C3(CCCC4(C)C(=O)O)C)O)C5=CC(=O)C6=C(C=C(C=C6O5)O)O)OC 632.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
Dichrostachine G 46882801 Click to see 652.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
Dichrostachine H 44557215 Click to see 616.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
Dichrostachine L 44557282 Click to see 600.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
Dichrostachine M 44557283 Click to see CC1=CCC2C(=O)C(=CC(=O)C2(C1CC3C(=C)C(=O)CC4C3(CCCC4(C)C)C)C5=CC(=O)C6=C(C=C(C=C6O5)OC)O)OC 614.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
Dichrostachine N 44557284 Click to see 646.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
Dichrostachine O 44557417 Click to see 604.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
Dichrostachine P 44557354 Click to see 574.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
Dichrostachine R 46882098 Click to see 540.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Isocopalane and spongiane diterpenoids
(7-Ethenyl-1,4a,8-trimethyl-2,3,4,4b,5,8,8a,9,10,10a-decahydrophenanthren-1-yl)methanol 75068886 Click to see 288.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
[(1S,4aR,4bR,8R,8aR,10aS)-7-ethenyl-1,4a,8-trimethyl-2,3,4,4b,5,8,8a,9,10,10a-decahydrophenanthren-1-yl]methanol 162870219 Click to see 288.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Alpha-Amyrin 73170 Click to see 426.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(74)85147-2
Beta-Amyrin 73145 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C 426.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(74)85147-2
Friedelin 91472 Click to see 426.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(74)85147-2
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(3R,8R,9R,10S,13R,14R,17S)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 162965363 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(74)85147-2
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 86821 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(74)85147-2
Stigmast-5-en-3-ol 22012 Click to see 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(74)85147-2
> Organic nitrogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Amines / Primary amines / 2-arylethylamines
Histamine 774 Click to see 111.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzocycloheptapyridines
Lonafarnib 148195 Click to see 638.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Oxepanes
(1S,2R,5R,6R,8S,12R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,9,9-trimethyl-10-oxatricyclo[6.2.2.02,6]dodecan-12-ol 163015850 Click to see 254.36 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids
Proanthocyanidin 108065 Click to see 592.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4139-4_31
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-Methyloxan-2-Yl)Oxy-2-(3,4,5-Trihydroxyphenyl)Chromen-4-One 5352000 Click to see 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z
Myricitrin 5281673 Click to see 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900095Z

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