Trifolium arvense in Genus Trifolium

Details Top

Internal ID	UUID643fdee6166bd526412056
Scientific name	Trifolium arvense
Authority	L.
First published in	Sp. Pl.: 769 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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**Agricultural and Scientific Uses:**
Trifolium arvense, a leguminous annual herb, has documented applications in sustainable agriculture and scientific research. Its primary non-medicinal use stems from its role as a green manure/cover crop. When incorporated into the soil, it fixes atmospheric nitrogen through symbiosis with *Rhizobium* bacteria, enriching soil nitrogen for subsequent crops without external fertilizer input. Research (e.g., studies cited in "Applied Soil Ecology" and "Biological Agriculture & Horticulture") demonstrates its efficacy in suppressing soil nitrification via phytotoxic root exudates, reducing nitrate leaching and improving nitrogen use efficiency in mixed-cropping systems. This nitrification inhibition property is a key ecological service utilized in organic and low-input farming for environmental protection. Its value as a forage is limited due to high tannin content reducing palatability and digestibility, though some reports suggest potential utility in extensive grazing systems or as a component of hay for specific livestock management strategies aimed at reducing bloat risk associated with other clovers.

**Scientific Uses:**
Trifolium arvense is utilized as a research model organism. It serves as a valuable species for studies on nitrogen fixation genetics, legume-rhizobia symbiosis specificity, and population biology within the genus *Trifolium*. Documented genomic resources, including the recently published reference genome sequence (e.g., Kersey et al., plantgenome.org databases), support its use in comparative evolutionary and functional genomics. Its ability to thrive in poor, sandy soils makes it useful for research into plant adaptations to abiotic stress and soil ecology.

**Sustainability and Sourcing:**
Trifolium arvense is native to Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa and widely naturalized elsewhere. It propagates easily from seed and requires minimal cultivation inputs. Its nitrogen-fixing ability and drought tolerance make it a low-input candidate for soil improvement and erosion control, contributing to sustainable land management practices by reducing reliance on synthetic fertilizers and preventing soil degradation.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Trifolium arenivagum	Jord. ex Boreau	Fl. Centre France, éd. 3, 2: 153 (1857)
Trifolium brittingeri	Weitenweb. ex Opiz	Naturalientausch9: 142 (1825)
Trifolium brachyodon	(Celak.) A.Kern.	A.J.R.Kerner, Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung.5: 1 (1888)
Trifolium arvense subsp. gracile	(Thuill.) Teles	Agron. Lusit. 33: 13 (1971)
Trifolium arvense var. gracile	(Thuill.) DC.	J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle, Fl. Franç., éd. 3, 4: 530 (1805)
Trifolium gracile	Thuill.	Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2: 383 (1799)
Trifolium longisetum	Boiss. & Balansa	P.E.Boissier, Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 6: 47 (1859)
Trifolium capitulatum	Pau
Trifolium agrestinum	Jord. ex Boreau	Fl. Centre France, éd. 3, 2: 153 (1857)
Trifolium preslianum	Boiss.	Diagn. Pl. Orient.2: 25 (1843)
Trifolium lagopinum	Jord.	Mém. Acad. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci.1: 57 (1852)
Trifolium littorale	Jord. ex Boreau	Fl. Centre France, éd. 3, 2: 153 (1857)
Trifolium cyrenaicum	(Pamp.) Maire & Weiller	Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N.30: 374 (1939 publ. 1940)
Trifolium ceretanum	Sennen	Bol. Soc. Ibér. Ci. Nat.26: 90 (1927)
Trifolium capitellatum	Pau	Not. Bot. Fl. Españ.1: 9 (1887)
Trifolium rubellum	Jord.	Mém. Acad. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci.1: 57 (1852)
Trifolium sabuletorum	Jord. ex Boreau	Fl. Centre France, éd. 3, 2: 153 (1857)
Trifolium arvense f. komlodiae	Soó	Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung.18: 174 (1973)
Trifolium arvense var. glabrum	Vis.	Fl. Dalmat.3: 292 (1851)
Trifolium agrestinum subsp. lagopinum	(Jord.) P.Fourn.	Fl. Compl. Plaine Franç.: 79 (1928)
Trifolium agrestinum subsp. littorale	(Jord.) P.Fourn.	Fl. Compl. Plaine Franç.: 79 (1928)
Trifolium arvense subsp. agrestinum	(Jord. ex Boreau) Rouy	G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France5: 106 (1899)
Trifolium arvense subsp. agrestinum	(Boreau) Berher	L.Louis, Fl. Vosges, éd. 2: 69 (1887)
Trifolium arvense subsp. brittingeri	(Weitenweb. ex Opiz) Rouy	G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France5: 105 (1899)
Trifolium arvense subsp. longisetosum	(Boiss. & Balansa) Braun-Blanq.	Cat. Fl. Aigoual: 192 (1933)
Trifolium arvense subsp. longisetum	(Boiss. & Balansa) Rouy	G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France5: 104 (1899)
Trifolium arvense subsp. preslianum	(Boiss.) Gibelli & Belli	Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino, ser. 2, 39: 29 (1889)
Trifolium arvense var. aetnense	Guss.	Fl. Sicul. Syn.2: 236 (1844)
Trifolium arvense var. alopecuroides	Rouy	G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France5: 106 (1899)
Trifolium arvense var. angustifolium	Lej.	A.L.S.Lejeune & R.J.Courtois, Comp. Fl. Belg.3: 50 (1836)
Trifolium arvense var. arenivagum	(Jord. ex Boreau) Rouy	G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France5: 106 (1899)
Trifolium arvense var. australe	Ten.	Fl. Napol.5: 141 (1836)
Trifolium arvense var. ballii	Murb.	Contr. Fl. Maroc1: 62 (1922)
Trifolium arvense var. brachyodon	Celak.	Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 907 (1881)
Trifolium arvense var. capitatum	Ser.	A.P.de Candolle, Prodr.2: 191 (1825)
Trifolium arvense var. crassicaule	Ser.	A.P.de Candolle, Prodr.2: 191 (1825)
Trifolium arvense var. cyrenaicum	Pamp.	Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 31: 217 (1924)
Trifolium arvense var. exiguum	Gaudin	Fl. Helv.4: 589 (1829)
Trifolium arvense var. lagopinum	(Jord.) Pit. & Proust	Iles Canaries: 164 (1909)
Trifolium arvense var. latifolium	Lej.	A.L.S.Lejeune & R.J.Courtois, Comp. Fl. Belg.3: 50 (1836)
Trifolium arvense var. littorale	(Jord. ex Boreau) Rouy	G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France5: 106 (1899)
Trifolium arvense var. longisetum	(Boiss. & Balansa) Boiss.	Fl. Orient.2: 120 (1872)
Trifolium arvense var. maritimum	Rouy	G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France5: 105 (1899)
Trifolium arvense var. nanum	Gray	Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl.2: 601 (1821 publ. 1822)
Trifolium arvense var. perpusillum	Ser.	A.P.de Candolle, Prodr.2: 191 (1825)
Trifolium arvense var. preslianum	(Boiss.) Ball	J. Linn. Soc., Bot.16: 417 (1878)
Trifolium arvense var. rubellum	(Jord.) Beck	Fl. Nieder-Österreich: 848 (1892)
Trifolium arvense var. rubellum	(Jord.) St.-Lag.	A.Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8, 2: 177 (1889)
Trifolium arvense var. rubellum	Rouy	G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France5: 107 (1899)
Trifolium arvense var. sabuletorum	(Jord. ex Boreau) Rouy	G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France5: 106 (1899)
Trifolium arvense var. strictior	W.D.J.Koch	J.C.Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 5: 270 (1839)
Trifolium capitellatum var. elatius	Merino	Brotéria, Sér. Bot.10: 184 (1912)
Trifolium arvense prol. agrestinum	(Boreau) Rouy	G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France5: 105 (1899)
Trifolium arvense prol. brittingeri	(Weitenw. ex Opiz) Rouy	G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France5: 105 (1899)
Trifolium arvense prol. gracile	(Thuill.) Rouy	G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France5: 107 (1899)
Trifolium arvense prol. longisetosum	(Boiss. & Balansa) Rouy	G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France5: 104 (1899)
Trifolium lagopus	Gouan	Fl. Monsp.: 105 (1764)
Trifolium arvense subsp. gracile	(Thuill.) Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur.: 175 (1878)
Trifolium eriocephalum	Ledeb.	Fl. Ross. 1: 541 (1843)
Trifolium villosum	Gilib.	Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 89 (1782)
Trifolium pectinatum	Willd. ex Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 2: 707 (1841)
Trifolium arvicola	Jord. ex Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. : 175 (1878)
Trifolium arvense var. latifolium	Panţu	Mem. Sect. Şti. Acad. Română , ser. 2, 32: 145 (1910)
Trifolium arvense var. pulchellum	Lange	Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1865: 167 (1866)
Trifolium arvense f. pulchellum	(Lange) C.Vicioso	Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 11: 298 (1954)
Trifolium arvense var. agrestinum	(Jord. ex Boreau) Corb.	Nouv. Fl. Normandie : 158 (1894)

Common names Top

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Language	Common/alternative name
English	haire-foot trefoil
English	oldfield clover
English	rabbit-foot clover
English	rabbitfoot clover
English	stone clover
English	haresfoot clover
English	hare's-foot clover
Spanish	pie de liebre
Arabic	نفل بري
Arabic	رجل الأرنب
Arabic	ارني
Azerbaijani	tarla yoncası
Belarusian	Канюшына раллявая
Bulgarian	плевелна детелина
Catalan	peu de llebre
Czech	jetel rolní
Czech	jetel kočičí
Welsh	meillionen gedennog
Danish	hare-kløver
German	mäuseklee
German	hasenklee
German	katzenklee
German	hasen-klee
Estonian	kassiristik
Persian	شبدر خودروی
Finnish	jänönapila
French	pied-de-lièvre
French	trèfle pied-de-lièvre
Irish	cos mhaideach
grc	λαγώπουν
Hebrew	תלתן השדה
Upper Sorbian	zaječi dźećel
Hungarian	tarlóhere
Armenian	Երեքնուկ դաշտային
Icelandic	hérasmári
Cornish	mellyon blewek
Lithuanian	dirvinis dobilas
Latvian	tīruma āboliņš
myv	Соказь модань вараканьпря тикше
myv	Соказь модань вараканьпал
Norwegian Bokmål	harekløver
Dutch	hazenpootje
Polish	koniczyna polna
Russian	Клевер пашенный
Slovak	ďatelina roľná
Slovenian	njivska detelja
Serbian	Пољска детелина
Swedish	harklöver
Turkish	tavşanayağı
Ukrainian	Конюшина польова
Vietnamese	cỏ ba lá chân thỏ
Chinese	兔足三叶草

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Macaronesia
  - Azores
  - Canary Islands
  - Madeira
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Djibouti
  - Eritrea
  - Ethiopia
  - Sudan
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria
  - Libya
  - Morocco
  - Tunisia
- Southern Africa
  - Cape Provinces

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- Eastern Asia
  - Japan
  - Nansei-shoto
- Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan
  - Turkmenistan
- Russian Far East
  - Amur
  - Khabarovsk
  - Kuril Islands
  - Primorye
  - Sakhalin
- Siberia
  - Altay
  - Irkutsk
  - Krasnoyarsk
  - West Siberia
- Western Asia
  - East Aegean Islands
  - Iran
  - Iraq
  - Lebanon-Syria
  - Palestine
  - Turkey

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Sri Lanka

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - New South Wales
  - Queensland
  - South Australia
  - Tasmania
  - Victoria
  - Western Australia
- New Zealand
  - Chatham Islands
  - New Zealand North
  - New Zealand South

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - Belarus
  - Central European Russia
  - East European Russia
  - Krym
  - North European Russia
  - Northwest European Russia
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Netherlands
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Finland
  - Great Britain
  - Ireland
  - Norway
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Kriti
  - Romania
  - Sicilia
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares
  - Corse
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Sardegna
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - Newfoundland
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Illinois
  - Iowa
  - Minnesota
  - Missouri
  - Wisconsin
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - New York
  - Vermont
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Oregon
  - Washington
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama
  - Arkansas
  - Georgia
  - Kentucky
  - Maryland
  - Mississippi
  - North Carolina
  - South Carolina
  - Tennessee
  - Virginia
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - California

Pacific click to expand
- North-central Pacific
  - Hawaii

Southern America click to expand
- Caribbean
  - Haiti
- Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast
  - Argentina South
  - Chile Central
  - Uruguay
- Western South America
  - Colombia

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000212967
Florida Plant Atlas	1982
Flora of Alabama	2078
Canadensys	5910
USDA Plants	TRAR4
Tropicos	13033708
INPN	127230
Flora of Italy	2643
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:522881-1
The Plant List	ild-8046
Open Tree Of Life	689169
NCBI Taxonomy	361560
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000003238
Nature Serve	2.151223
IPNI	522881-1
iNaturalist	79408
GBIF	5359246
Freebase	/m/077cwy
WisFlora	5266
EPPO	TRFAR
EOL	703386
Elurikkus	7992
Calflora (Californian flora)	8052
USDA GRIN	40173
Wikipedia	Trifolium_arvense

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

New Light on Plants and Their Chemical Compounds Used in Polish Folk Medicine to Treat Urinary Diseases

Olas B, Różański W, Urbańska K, Sławińska N, Bryś M

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

28-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11054606
doi:	10.3390/ph17040435
PMID:	38675397

Revisiting decade-old questions in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis: current understanding and new challenges

Lu N

Front Plant Sci

26-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11002137
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2024.1373975
PMID:	38595764

Housing European Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus citellus) for an Ex Situ Conservation Program

Bárdos B, Altbacker V, Török HK, Nagy I

Methods Protoc

20-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10885073
doi:	10.3390/mps7020018
PMID:	38390845

Which Plant Species for Green Roofs in the Mediterranean Environment?

Leotta L, Toscano S, Romano D

Plants (Basel)

27-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10708222
doi:	10.3390/plants12233985
PMID:	38068621

Comparative GC–MS based nutrients profiling of less explored legume seeds of Melilotus, Medicago, Trifolium, and Ononis analysed using chemometric tools

Fahmy HA, El-Shamy S, Farag MA

Sci Rep

25-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10600120
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-45453-0
PMID:	37880311

The most polyphagous insect herbivore? Host plant associations of the Meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (L.)

Thompson V, Harkin C, Stewart AJ

PLoS One

04-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10602594
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0291734
PMID:	37792900

Nesting biology and phylogenetic relationships of the parasitoid-hunting wasp Lindenius pygmaeus armatus (Vander Linden, 1829) (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)

Olszewski P, Budrys E, Orlovskytė S, Wiśniowski B, Ljubomirov T

Sci Rep

14-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10267213
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-36019-1
PMID:	37316508

Examination of the Effects of Domestic Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Grazing on Wetland and Dry Grassland Habitats

Fűrész A, Penksza K, Sipos L, Turcsányi-Járdi I, Szentes S, Fintha G, Penksza P, Viszló L, Szalai F, Wagenhoffer Z

Plants (Basel)

31-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10255522
doi:	10.3390/plants12112184
PMID:	37299162

Adaptive plasticity and fitness costs of endangered, nonendangered, and invasive plants in response to variation in nitrogen and phosphorus availabilities

Minden V, Verhoeven K, Olde Venterink H

Ecol Evol

13-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10182570
doi:	10.1002/ece3.10075
PMID:	37193113

Amaranthus Biochar-Based Microbial Cell Composites for Alleviation of Drought and Cadmium Stress: A Novel Bioremediation Approach

Tripti, Kumar A, Maleva M, Borisova G, Rajkumar M

Plants (Basel)

13-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10222574
doi:	10.3390/plants12101973
PMID:	37653890

Plant Species as Potential Forage for Honey Bees in the Al-Baha Mountain Region in Southwestern Saudi Arabia

Al-Ghamdi AA, Al-Sagheer NA

Plants (Basel)

22-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10058344
doi:	10.3390/plants12061402
PMID:	36987090

Features of Natural Succession of Ex-Arable Forest Steppe Grassland (from Western Romania) under the Influence of Climate

Sărățeanu V, Cotuna O, Paraschivu M, Cojocariu LL, Horablaga NM, Rechițean D, Mircov VD, Sălceanu C, Urlică AA, Copăcean L

Plants (Basel)

07-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10059065
doi:	10.3390/plants12061204
PMID:	36986892

Evaluation and quantification of associations between commonly suggested milk biomarkers and the proportion of grassland-based feeds in the diets of dairy cows

Birkinshaw A, Sutter M, Reidy B, Jungo L, Mueller S, Kreuzer M, Terranova M

PLoS One

02-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC9980782
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0282515
PMID:	36862746

Characterization of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Typha latifolia and Their Effect in Plants Exposed to Either Pb or Cd

Rubio-Santiago J, Hernández-Morales A, Rolón-Cárdenas GA, Arvizu-Gómez JL, Soria-Guerra RE, Carranza-Álvarez C, Rubio-Salazar JE, Rosales-Loredo S, Pacheco-Aguilar JR, Macías-Pérez JR, Aldaba-Muruato LR, Vázquez-Martínez J

Plants (Basel)

21-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9920544
doi:	10.3390/plants12030498
PMID:	36771585

Extensive archaeobotanical data estimate carrying capacity, duration, and land use of the Late Bronze Age settlement site Březnice (Czech Republic)

Šálková T, Vobejda L, Chvojka O, Beneš J, Vondrovský V, Kuna M, Křivánek R, Menšík P, Novák J

Sci Rep

25-Nov-2022

PMCID:	PMC9700714
doi:	10.1038/s41598-022-24753-x
PMID:	36434129

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)Oxan-2-Yl)Oxychromen-4-One	5378597	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00567719
Hyperoside	5281643	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00567719
Isoquercitin	10813969	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00567719
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 4-O-methylated isoflavonoids / 4-O-methylisoflavones
Biochanin A	5280373	Click to see	284.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TALANTA.2009.03.011

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Trifolium arvense

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top