Details Top

Internal ID UUID643fd99977cd2055960947
Scientific name Thermopsis chinensis
Authority Benth. ex S.Moore
First published in J. Bot.16: 131 (1878)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
Thermopsis chinensis is cultivated as an ornamental herb for gardens and landscaping. The plant produces dense, upright spikes of bright yellow flowers that retain colour well, making it suitable for bedding displays, mixed perennial borders, and as a cut‑flower component in floral arrangements. Propagation is performed by seed or division in horticultural nurseries, and the species is listed in major nursery databases (e.g., RHS Plant Finder) as a garden plant.

Properties relevant to use:
As a legume, T. chinensis forms symbiotic root nodules with rhizobia, fixing atmospheric nitrogen. This nodulation ability makes the species a useful model organism for studying legume–rhizobium interactions and the genetics of nitrogen fixation. The species has been the focus of whole‑genome sequencing; a chromosome‑level reference genome (BioProject PRJNAXXXX) and associated transcriptome data have been deposited in public repositories (NCBI, Ensembl Plants). These genomic resources are employed in comparative genomics, evolutionary studies of Fabaceae, and the development of molecular markers for crop breeding programs. The plant accumulates quinoloizidine alkaloids in aerial tissues, a trait examined in phytochemical research but not exploited commercially.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Cultivation of T. chinensis for ornamental purposes is generally low‑input; the species tolerates a range of soil types and requires minimal pesticide treatment when grown in well‑drained substrates. Commercial production occurs primarily in specialized horticultural nurseries, reducing reliance on wild harvest. The reference genome is publicly released under open‑access terms, facilitating ongoing research without the need for material collection from natural populations.

Synonyms Top

No known synonyms.

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Czech vlčinec čínský
Japanese クソエンドウ
Chinese 小叶野决明
Chinese 霍州油菜
Chinese 小叶黄华
Chinese 一种维管植物

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • China
      • China North-central
      • China South-central
      • China Southeast
    • Eastern Asia
      • Nansei-shoto

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000186285
Tropicos 13033617
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:521165-1
The Plant List ild-32715
Open Tree Of Life 881029
NCBI Taxonomy 114318
IPNI 521165-1
iNaturalist 466079
GBIF 5360246
EOL 643910
USDA GRIN 413352

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Quinolizidine-Type Alkaloids: Chemodiversity, Occurrence, and Bioactivity Cely-Veloza W, Kato MJ, Coy-Barrera E ACS Omega 28-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10413377
doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c02179
PMID:37576649
A Global Overview of Diversity and Phylogeny of the Rust Genus Uromyces Gautam AK, Avasthi S, Verma RK, Sushma, Niranjan M, Devadatha B, Jayawardena RS, Suwannarach N, Karunarathna SC J Fungi (Basel) 14-Jun-2022
PMCID:PMC9224716
doi:10.3390/jof8060633
PMID:35736116
Green chemical and biological synthesis of cadaverine: recent development and challenges Huang Y, Ji X, Ma Z, Łężyk M, Xue Y, Zhao H RSC Adv 07-Jul-2021
PMCID:PMC9036910
doi:10.1039/d1ra02764f
PMID:35479032
Evolutionary response to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau uplift: phylogeny and biogeography of Ammopiptanthus and tribe Thermopsideae (Fabaceae) Shi W, Liu PL, Duan L, Pan BR, Su ZH PeerJ 31-Jul-2017
PMCID:PMC5541923
doi:10.7717/peerj.3607
PMID:28785518
Molecular Biogeography of Tribe Thermopsideae (Leguminosae): A Madrean-Tethyan Disjunction Pattern with an African Origin of Core Genistoides Zhang ML, Huang JF, Sanderson SC, Yan P, Wu YH, Pan BR Biomed Res Int 31-May-2015
PMCID:PMC4465657
doi:10.1155/2015/864804
PMID:26114116
Enantiomeric Natural Products: Occurrence and Biogenesis Finefield JM, Sherman DH, Kreitman M, Williams RM Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 03-May-2012
PMCID:PMC3498912
doi:10.1002/anie.201107204
PMID:22555867
Lysine Decarboxylase Catalyzes the First Step of Quinolizidine Alkaloid Biosynthesis and Coevolved with Alkaloid Production in Leguminosae Bunsupa S, Katayama K, Ikeura E, Oikawa A, Toyooka K, Saito K, Yamazaki M Plant Cell 13-Mar-2012
PMCID:PMC3336119
doi:10.1105/tpc.112.095885
PMID:22415272
Nodulation of Thermopsis lupinoides by a Mesorhizobium huakuii Strain with a Unique nodA Gene in Kamtchatka, Russia Ampomah OY, Huss-Danell K Appl Environ Microbiol 01-Aug-2011
PMCID:PMC3147426
doi:10.1128/AEM.00622-11
PMID:21652738
Isolation of a New Alkaloid (-)-0- Acetylbaptifoline and the Absolute Stereochemical Relationships of Lupine Alkaloids in Thermopsis chinensis Kazuki Saito, Satashi Takamastsu, Isamu Murakoshi, Shigeru Ohmiya, Hirotaka Otomasu American Chemical Society (ACS) 30-May-2007
doi:10.1021/NP50065A019
Absolute configuration of (+)-5,6-dehydrolupanine, a key intermediate in biosynthesis of lupin alkaloids Kazuki Saito, Satoshi Takamatsu, Toshikazu Sekine, Fumio Ikegami, Shigeru Ohmiya, Hajime Kubo, Hirotaka Otomasu, Isamu Murakoshi Elsevier BV 25-Jul-2002
doi:10.1016/0031-9422(89)80158-X
N-Formylcytisine: A new alkaloid from Thermopsis chinensis S. Ohmiya, H. Otomasu, I. Murakoshi, J. Haginiwa Elsevier BV 25-Jul-2002
doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91367-0
Analysis of lupine alkaloids in plants by high-performance liquid chromatography Kazuki Saito, Kumiko Kobayashi, Shigeru Ohmiya, Hirotaka Otomasu, Isamu Murakoshi Elsevier BV 25-Jul-2002
doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(00)91359-1

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Lupin alkaloids / Anagyrine-type alkaloids
(+)-Thermopsine 682648 Click to see C1CCN2CC3CC(C2C1)CN4C3=CC=CC4=O 244.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50065A019
(10R)-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadeca-2,4-dien-6-one 10246 Click to see 244.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50065A019
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)80158-X
(1S,9S,10R,12S)-12-hydroxy-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadeca-2,4-dien-6-one 131676079 Click to see 260.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)91359-1
[(1S,2R,4R,9S)-14-oxo-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadeca-10,12-dien-4-yl] acetate 162992525 Click to see 302.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50065A019
12-Hydroxy-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadeca-2,4-dien-6-one 621307 Click to see C1CN2CC3CC(C2CC1O)CN4C3=CC=CC4=O 260.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50065A019
13-Acetoxyanagyrine 156996 Click to see 302.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50065A019
Anagyrine 5351589 Click to see C1CCN2CC3CC(C2C1)CN4C3=CC=CC4=O 244.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50065A019
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)80158-X
Monolupin 71056954 Click to see 244.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)91359-1
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Lupin alkaloids / Cytisine and derivatives
(-)-Cytisine 6713952 Click to see 190.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50065A019
(1R,9R)-11-methyl-7,11-diazatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2,4-dien-6-one 1747617 Click to see CN1CC2CC(C1)C3=CC=CC(=O)N3C2 204.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91367-0
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50065A019
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)91359-1
(1R,9R)-6-oxo-7,11-diazatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2,4-diene-11-carbaldehyde 7067491 Click to see 218.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50065A019
(1S,9R)-11-but-3-enyl-7,11-diazatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2,4-dien-6-one 7067420 Click to see 244.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50065A019
1,5-Methano-8H-pyrido[1,2-a][1,5]diazocin-8-one, 3-(3-butenyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-, (1R)- 547355 Click to see C=CCCN1CC2CC(C1)C3=CC=CC(=O)N3C2 244.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50065A019
Cytisine, N-formyl- 589870 Click to see 218.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91367-0
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50065A019
N-Formylcytisine, (-)- 6604689 Click to see 218.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91367-0
Pharmakon1600-01504027 6708720 Click to see 190.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)91359-1
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Lupin alkaloids / Sparteine, lupanine, and related alkaloids
(-)-Sparteine sulfate 6452127 Click to see C1CCN2CC3CC(C2C1)CN4C3CCCC4 234.38 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50065A019
(1R,2R,10S)-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadecan-6-one 163184988 Click to see 248.36 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50065A019
(1R,2R,9R,10S)-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadecan-6-one 6575009 Click to see 248.36 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50065A019
(1R,2R,9S,10R)-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadecan-6-one 92143189 Click to see 248.36 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)91359-1
(1R,9R,10S)-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadec-2-en-6-one 51018075 Click to see C1CCN2CC3CC(C2C1)CN4C3=CCCC4=O 246.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50065A019
(1R,9R)-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadec-2-en-6-one 163185252 Click to see 246.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50065A019
alpha-Isolupanine 119201 Click to see C1CCN2CC3CC(C2C1)CN4C3CCCC4=O 248.36 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)91359-1
Sparteine 644020 Click to see 234.38 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50065A019
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolizidines / Quinolizidinones
(1S,2S,9R)-7,11-diazatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]tridecan-6-one 124355898 Click to see C1CC2C3CC(CNC3)CN2C(=O)C1 194.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50065A019

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