Common products:
- Raw gutta-percha obtained as a coagulum from the latex of Manilkara kauki; processed into blocks, slabs, sheets, or powders. Refined grades are compounded with fillers and plasticizers for use as a thermoplastic base for molding, sheathing, and coating.

Industrial and craft applications:
- Coarse sheathing for early telegraph and telephone conductors (historic). Core materials for early golf balls (historically). General-purpose thermoplastic for carving, moldings, and durable, water-resistant craft items. Excellent electrical insulator; resistant to water and many acids; softens under heat and hardens upon cooling.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
- No documented food or beverage uses.

Colorants and tanning:
- The sapote family is noted as a source of natural brown dyes for protein fibers (historical craft use). Tanning capacity not documented for this taxon.

Wood and fiber:
- Wood noted as hard and dense; specific commercial timber applications and fiber uses not documented.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
- Fragrance or cosmetic uses not documented.

Properties relevant to use:
- The gum is a gutta-percha type consisting mainly of trans‑1,4‑polyisoprene with resinous constituents, yielding a rigid, water-resistant, electrically insulating, and thermoplastic material. Insoluble in water; softens on heating.

Standards and regulation:
- Historic regulation of gutta‑percha product grades and trade based on ISO/ASTM standards for natural rubber/gutta‑percha materials.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- Wild harvesting and regional tapping practices have led to local scarcity; replacement by synthetic polymers for many applications is now common. Standardized sustainable tapping methods are not documented for this species.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Imbricaria malabarica	Poir.	Encycl. 4: 434 (1798)
Kaukenia kauki	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 406 (1891)
Mimusops bojeri	A.DC.	Prodr. 8: 205 (1844)
Mimusops browniana	Benth.	Fl. Austral. 4: 285 (1868)
Mimusops elengi	Bojer	Hortus Maurit. : 198 (1837)
Mimusops hookeri	A.DC.	Prodr. 8: 204 (1844)
Mimusops kauki	L.	Sp. Pl. : 349 (1753)
Mimusops manilkara	G.Don	Gen. Hist. 4: 35 (1837)
Achras mammosa	Sieber ex A.DC.	Prodr. 8: 204 (1844)
Achras octodecemfida	Stokes.	Bot. Mat. Med. 2: 294 (1812)
Mimusops kauki var. browniana	A.DC.	Prodr. 8: 203 (1844)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
ban	sabo kecik
Indonesian	sawo kecik
Japanese	サオ
Japanese	マライサオ
Japanese	サワノキ
jv	sawo kecik
Malay	sawo kecil
Chinese	凹叶人心果

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - India
  - Sri Lanka
- Indo-China
  - Cambodia
  - Myanmar
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Borneo
  - Jawa
  - Lesser Sunda Islands
  - Malaya
  - Maluku
  - Philippines
  - Sulawesi
  - Sumatera
- Papuasia
  - New Guinea

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - Queensland

Pacific click to expand
- Southwestern Pacific
  - Fiji

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000235898
UNII	Q7DE8405JO
USDA Plants	MAKA3
Tropicos	28700873
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:787653-1
The Plant List	kew-120182
Open Tree Of Life	603204
NCBI Taxonomy	233707
IPNI	787653-1
iNaturalist	348725
GBIF	2885150
Freebase	/m/04f1c57
EOL	1154592
USDA GRIN	102657
Wikipedia	Manilkara_kauki

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Plant Extracts as Skin Care and Therapeutic Agents

Michalak M

Int J Mol Sci

22-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10607442
doi:	10.3390/ijms242015444
PMID:	37895122

Searching for Natural Plants with Antimelanogenesis and Antityrosinase Properties for Cosmeceutical or Nutricosmetics Applications: A Systematic Review

Tung XY, Yip JQ, Gew LT

ACS Omega

06-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10515176
doi:	10.1021/acsomega.3c02994
PMID:	37744793

Integrating traditional ecological knowledge into habitat restoration: implications for meeting forest restoration challenges

Haq SM, Pieroni A, Bussmann RW, Abd-ElGawad AM, El-Ansary HO

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

10-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10413632
doi:	10.1186/s13002-023-00606-3
PMID:	37559120

Commodity risk assessment of Acer palmatum plants grafted on Acer davidii from China

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

12-May-2022

PMCID:	PMC9096882
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7298
PMID:	35592020

Simultaneous micronization and purification of bioactive fraction by supercritical antisolvent technology

Hiendrawan S, Veriansyah B, Widjojokusumo E, Tjandrawinata RR

J Adv Pharm Technol Res

01-Apr-2017

PMCID:	PMC5416655
doi:	10.4103/japtr.JAPTR_164_16
PMID:	28516056

Secondary Metabolites from Leaves of Manilkara subsericea (Mart.) Dubard

de Almeida FB, Fernandes CP, Romao W, Vanini G, Costa HB, França HS, Santos MG, Carvalho JC, Falcão DQ, Rocha L

Pharmacogn Mag

01-Oct-2015

PMCID:	PMC4787084
doi:	10.4103/0973-1296.172957
PMID:	27013790

Triterpene Esters and Biological Activities from Edible Fruits of Manilkara subsericea (Mart.) Dubard, Sapotaceae

Fernandes CP, Corrêa AL, Lobo JF, Caramel OP, de Almeida FB, Castro ES, Souza KF, Burth P, Amorim LM, Santos MG, Ferreira JL, Falcão DQ, Carvalho JC, Rocha L

Biomed Res Int

20-Dec-2012

PMCID:	PMC3591231
doi:	10.1155/2013/280810
PMID:	23509702

Mimusops manilkara, constituents of fruit and seed

G. Misra, C.R. Mitra

Elsevier BV

12-Feb-2003

doi:	10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85821-5

Triterpenoids of mimusops manilkara trunk bark

G. Misra, S.K. Nigam, C.R. Mitra

Elsevier BV

25-Jul-2002

doi:	10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85365-0

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesterterpenoids / Scalarane sesterterpenoids
(3I(2),13I+/-)-3-Methoxy-13-methyl-27-norolean-14-ene	12305297	Click to see	440.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85365-0
4,4,6a,8a,11,11,12b,14b-Octamethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14,14a,14b-icosahydropicen-3-ol	344467	Click to see	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85365-0
D-Friedoolean-14-en-3-one	500344	Click to see	424.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85365-0
Sawamilletin	609451	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CC=C3C4(CCC5C(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2C1)C)C)OC)(C)C)C)C)C	440.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85365-0
Taraxerol	92097	Click to see	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85365-0
Taraxerone	92785	Click to see	424.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85365-0
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,9R,11aR,11bS,13aS,13bR)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-ol	162996338	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85365-0
(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,11S,12S,12aR,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-octamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-ol	12358384	Click to see	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85365-0
(4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-Octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl) acetate	345510	Click to see	468.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85365-0
(4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-octamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl) octanoate	74369062	Click to see	552.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85821-5
[(3R,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,11R,12S,12aR,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-octamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl] octanoate	162926181	Click to see CCCCCCCC(=O)OC1CCC2(C(C1(C)C)CCC3(C2CC=C4C3(CCC5(C4C(C(CC5)C)C)C)C)C)C	552.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85821-5
alpha-Amyrenol	225688	Click to see	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85365-0
alpha-Amyrin acetate	92842	Click to see	468.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85365-0
beta-Amyrenol	225689	Click to see	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85365-0
Beta-Amyrin	73145	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85365-0
Beta-Amyrin Acetate	92156	Click to see	468.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85365-0
Lup-20(29)-en-3-ol, (3beta)-	521518	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85365-0
Npc25529	293754	Click to see	468.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85365-0
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(3R,5S,9S,10R,13S,14R,17S)-17-[(E,2S,5S)-5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	162958784	Click to see	412.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85821-5
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones / Flavanonols
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3,6,7-trihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one	235240	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O)O	304.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85821-5
2-(3,6,7-Trihydroxy-chroman-4-one	54603556	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O)O	304.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85821-5
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see	302.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85821-5

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Manilkara kauki

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top