Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Among the Cheyenne of the northern Plains, a hot decoction of dried bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva‑ursi) leaves was drunk to “clean the kidneys” and to ease painful urination, a practice recorded by Moerman (1998). In German folk herbalism the same leaf was steeped as a mild tea for mild urinary‑tract complaints; Lust (2006) describes a routine “bearberry tea” of about 2 g of dried leaf per cup of water, taken after meals. The Coast Salish peoples of the Pacific Northwest used a cold maceration of crushed leaves as a soothing poultice on bruised or inflamed skin, a use detailed by Turner, Kuhnlein & Beaudry (1990). These three traditions share the same plant part – the leathery leaf – and they all employ a water‑based preparation (infusion, decoction or poultice) rather than raw fruit or root.

A simple bearberry leaf infusion can be prepared by placing 2 g of dried, crumbled leaves into a cup (≈250 ml) of just‑boiled water, covering and letting it steep for 5–10 minutes before straining. The tea is taken warm, up to three times daily, for no longer than two to four weeks without a break. Safety notes: bearberry contains hydroquinone, a substance that in large doses can irritate the gastrointestinal tract and may be hepatotoxic; it is contraindicated in pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 12 years of age, and it should not be used by people with severe kidney disease or those on diuretic medication without professional guidance.

The therapeutic activity of the leaf is attributed to well‑characterized phytochemicals. Arbutin, a glycosylated hydroquinone, is the principal marker in standardized extracts (European Medicines Agency, 2004). The leaf also contains high levels of tannins—principally gallotannins—that provide astringent action (Kellner et al., 2002). Flavonoids such as quercetin and myricetin, together with phenolic acids like caffeic acid, contribute antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory effects (Kumar et al., 2001). These constituents plausibly explain the traditional diuretic, antimicrobial and astringent properties of the infusions and poultices.

Modern research continues to validate the folk knowledge: in‑vitro studies show arbutin’s inhibition of uropathogenic Escherichia coli, and clinical trials of standardized bearberry extracts report modest benefit for uncomplicated urinary‑tract infections. Bearberry leaf teas and capsules are sold widely in health‑food markets and remain listed in the European Pharmacopoeia, while many indigenous communities still prepare the traditional decoction for occasional urinary discomfort.

General Uses Top

Suggest a correction!

Common products:
Arbutin (hydroquinone-β-D-glucoside) extracted from bearberry leaves.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
Bearberry leaf extract, standardized for arbutin content, is used in cosmetic formulations as a skin-lightening agent. Arbutin functions as a slow-release hydroquinone donor, inhibiting tyrosinase activity and reducing melanin synthesis in skin melanocytes. It is employed in formulations for hyperpigmentation treatment and topical depigmenting products across various international markets.

Properties relevant to use:
The primary bioactive constituent in leaves is arbutin (typically 7–15% in dried leaf material). This glycosylated hydroquinone exhibits melanogenesis inhibition through tyrosinase downregulation and direct substrate competition. Commercial extracts focus on the arbutin fraction for standardized potency.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Commercial supply relies primarily on wild-harvested leaves from native boreal and subarctic populations in North America and Eurasia. Harvesting occurs selectively to maintain stand viability, typically targeting low-lying trailing stems which regenerate readily. No cultivated commercial production is documented. Sustainable harvesting guidelines exist within non-timber forest product frameworks to prevent overharvesting pressure on wild populations.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Mairrania uva-ursi	(L.) Desv.	J. Bot. Agric. 1: 37. 1813
Uva-ursi procumbens	Moench	Methodus : 470 (1794)
Arbutus acerba	Gilib.	Fl. Lit. Inch. i. 5. 1782
Arbutus buxifolia	Stokes	Bot. Mat. Med. 2: 509 (1812)
Arbutus officinalis	Boiss.	Fl. Orient. 3: 967 (1875)
Arbutus procumbens	Salisb.	Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 289 (1796)
Arbutus uva-ursi	L.	Sp. Pl. : 395 (1753)
Arctostaphylos adenotricha	(Fernald & J.F.Macbr.) Á.Löve, D.Löve & B.M.Kapoor	Arctic Alpine Res. 3(2): 154 (1972)
Arctostaphylos angustifolia	Payot	Fl. du Mont Blanc, Phan. 174.
Arctostaphylos officinalis	Wimm. & Grab.	Fl. Siles. 1: 391 (1827)
Arctostaphylos procumbens	Patze, E.Mey. & Elkan	Fl. Preuss. 2: 188. 1849 [Feb 1849]
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi var. adenotricha	Fernald & J.F.Macbr.	Rhodora 16: 213 (1914)
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi subsp. adenotricha	(Fernald & J.F.Macbr.) Calder & Roy L.Taylor	Canad. J. Bot. 43: 1397 (1965)
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi f. adenotricha	(Fernald & J.F.Macbr.) P.V.Wells	Madroño 35(4): 339. 1989 [1988 publ. 1989]
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi var. coactilis	Fernald & J.F.Macbr.	Rhodora 16: 212 (1914)
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi f. coactilis	(Fernald & J.F.Macbr.) P.V.Wells	Madroño 35(4): 339. 1989 [1988 publ. 1989]
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi var. fendleriana	(Klotzsch) Eastw.	Leafl. W. Bot. 14: 269 (1946)
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi f. heterochroma	Fernald	Rhodora 35: 350. 1933
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi var. leobreweri	Roof	Changing Seasons 1(2): 26 (1980)
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi f. leobreweri	(Roof) P.V.Wells	Madroño 35(4): 339. 1989 [1988 publ. 1989]
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi subsp. longipilosa	Packer & Denford	Canad. J. Bot. 52: 751 (1974)
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi f. longipilosa	(Packer & Denford) P.V.Wells	Madroño 35: 340. 1988
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi var. marinensis	Roof	Changing Seasons 1(2): 19 (1980)
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi f. marinensis	(Roof) P.V.Wells	Madroño 35(4): 340. 1989 [1988 publ. 1989]
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi subsp. monoensis	Roof	Changing Seasons 1(3): 7 (1980)
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi var. pacifica	Hultén	Acta Univ. Lund., 2 , 44(1): 1249 (1948)
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi var. saxicola	Roof	Changing Seasons 1(2): 24 (1980)
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi subsp. stipitata	Packer & Denford	Canad. J. Bot. 52: 750 (1974)
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi f. stipitata	(Packer & Denford) P.V.Wells	Madroño 35: 340. 1988
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi var. stipitata	(Packer & Denford) Dorn	Vasc. Pl. Wyoming : 296 (1988)
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi var. suborbiculata	W.Knight	Four Seasons 7(2): 32 (1984)
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi f. suborbiculata	(W.Knight) P.V.Wells	Madroño 35(4): 340. 1989 [1988 publ. 1989]
Daphnidostaphylis fendleriana	Klotzsch	Linnaea 24: 80 (1851)
Uva-ursi buxifolia	(Stokes) Gray	Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 400 (1821 publ. 1822)
Uva-ursi procumbens var. coactilis	(Fernald & J.F.Macbr.) Moldenke	Boissiera 7: 5 (1943)
Uva-ursi procumbens var. adenotricha	(Fernald & J.F.Macbr.) D.Löve	Bot. Not. 109: 198 (1956)
Uva-ursi uva-ursi	(L.) Cockrell ex Daniels	Univ. Missouri Stud., Sci. Ser. 2(2): 186. 1911 Fl. Boulder
Arctostaphylos alpina	Payot	cf. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 29(Rev. Bibliogr.): 43, lapsu. 1882

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	bearberry
English	kinnikinnick
English	pinemat manzanita
English	red bearberry
Spanish	abugues
Spanish	abugués
Spanish	agauva
Spanish	agaúva
Spanish	algayua
Spanish	bujarola
Spanish	engarrolla
Spanish	gallua
Spanish	galluva
Spanish	gaoya
Spanish	gaulla
Spanish	gaúlla
Spanish	gayumina
Spanish	manzanicas de pastor
Spanish	mearrera
Spanish	muxes
Spanish	revellones
Spanish	uva ursina
Spanish	zumaque blanco espanol
Afrikaans	beerbessie
an	buixalina
an	buixareta
an	buixarguala
an	buixargüela
an	buixaruala
an	buixaruela
an	buixereta
an	buxalina
an	buxareta
an	buxarguala
an	buxargüela
an	buxaruala
an	buxaruela
an	buxereta
Arabic	عنب الدب
Arabic	عنب الذئب
Arabic	قطب زحاف
Azerbaijani	uva-ursi cratericola
Azerbaijani	adi ayıqulağı
ba	Талҡанемеш
Belarusian	Мучальнік
Belarusian	Мучаннік
Belarusian	Мучанніца
Belarusian	Мядзведжая ягада
Belarusian	Мядзведжыя вушкі
Belarusian	Талакнянка лекавая
Belarusian	Талаконнік
Belarusian	Талачаннік
Belarusian	Талакнянка звычайная
Bulgarian	мечо грозде
Bosnian	uva
Catalan	barruixes
Catalan	boixereta
Catalan	boixerina
Catalan	boixeringa
Catalan	farinell
Catalan	faringoler
Catalan	faringoles
Catalan	farinjoler
Catalan	farinola
Catalan	farnola
Catalan	gallufa
Catalan	gallufera
Catalan	muixes
Catalan	raïm d'óssa
Catalan	boixerola
Czech	medvědice lékařská
Welsh	llusen-yr-arth goch
Danish	hede-melbærris
German	echte bärentraube
German	immergrüne bärentraube
Esperanto	ursbera arktostafilo
Estonian	harilik leesikas
Persian	تنباکوی کینیکینیک
Finnish	kangassianpuolukka
Finnish	sianpuolukka
French	raisin d'ours
French	busserole
French	busserolle
Galician	uva de oso
Hebrew	ענבי דוב
Croatian	medvjetka
Hungarian	orvosi medveszőlő
Armenian	Մարուղենի
ik	tinnik
Icelandic	sortulyng
Italian	uva ursina
Japanese	ウバウルシ
Japanese	ウワウルシ
Japanese	熊苔桃
Japanese	クマコケモモ
Korean	곰들쭉
Lithuanian	arkliauogė
Lithuanian	kiauluogė
Lithuanian	miltinė meškauogė
Latvian	parastā miltene
Latvian	mūžzaļā miltene
mis	raisin d'ours
Macedonian	обично мечкино грозје
Macedonian	мечкино грозје
Norwegian Bokmål	mjølbær
Norwegian Bokmål	melbær
Dutch	berendruif
Norwegian Nynorsk	mjølbær
nv	dinas
olo	počinbuolu
Polish	mącznica lekarska
Portuguese	uva-de-urso
Russian	Медвежьи ушки
Russian	Медвежья ягода
Russian	Свиная брусника
Russian	Свиная ягода
Russian	Толокнянка обыкновенная
sd	ڪامون
se	gáranasmuorji
Samogitian	pelenė
Serbo-Croatian	uva ursi
Slovak	medvedica lekárska
Slovenian	vednozeleni gornik
smn	káránâsjuŋŋâ
Albanian	rrushi i arushës
Serbian	Медвеђе ухо
Serbian	Мечије грожђе
Serbian	Мливњак
Serbian	Планика
Serbian	Увин чај
Serbian	Медвеђе грожђе
Swedish	mjölon
Ukrainian	Мучниця звичайна
vep	kondjanbol
Chinese	熊果
Chinese	熊莓
Chinese	熊葡萄

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Start at 4°C for 3 months, then warm to 20°C for another 3 months.

Requires Scarification: Scarification involves physically breaking, scratching, or softening the seed coat to allow water absorption and germination to occur. This can be done by nicking the seed coat with a knife or rubbing the seeds between sheets of sandpaper.

Requires Soaking: These seeds need to be soaked in warm water until they swell, which can take 24-48 hours. Seeds that float are usually not viable and should be discarded, along with the soaking water.

Sow seeds immediately as their viability decreases rapidly, or they best germinate when fresh. If stored, seeds might need temperature cycling and patience to germinate.

immerse in boiling water for 20 seconds; protect well first winter

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Mongolia
  - Mongolia
- Russian Far East
  - Amur
  - Khabarovsk
  - Sakhalin
- Siberia
  - Buryatiya
  - Chita
  - Irkutsk
  - Krasnoyarsk
  - West Siberia
  - Yakutskiya

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - Belarus
  - Central European Russia
  - East European Russia
  - North European Russia
  - Northwest European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Netherlands
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Finland
  - Great Britain
  - Iceland
  - Ireland
  - Norway
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Romania
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - France
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - Labrador
  - Newfoundland
  - Nova Scotia
  - Ontario
  - Prince Edward Island
  - Québec
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Illinois
  - Iowa
  - Minnesota
  - North Dakota
  - South Dakota
  - Wisconsin
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut
  - Indiana
  - Maine
  - Massachusetts
  - Michigan
  - New Hampshire
  - New Jersey
  - New York
  - Ohio
  - Pennsylvania
  - Rhode Island
  - Vermont
  - West Virginia
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado
  - Idaho
  - Montana
  - Oregon
  - Washington
  - Wyoming
- South-central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Delaware
  - Maryland
  - Virginia
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Arizona
  - California
  - Nevada
  - Utah
- Subarctic America
  - Alaska
  - Aleutian Islands
  - Greenland
  - Northwest Territorie
  - Nunavut
  - Yukon
- Western Canada
  - Alberta
  - British Columbia
  - Manitoba
  - Saskatchewan

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000543738
UNII	37SXO36KR7
Cornell Woody Plants	26
Canadensys	5492
USDA Plants	ARUV
UConn	53
Tropicos	12300006
INPN	83528
Flora of Italy	3731
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1024084-2
The Plant List	kew-2647407
Plantarium	3573
Missouri Botanical Garden	279933
PaleoBotany	83461
Open Tree Of Life	100960
NCBI Taxonomy	84009
NBN Atlas	NHMSYS0000456036
Nature Serve	2.139183
IPNI	1024084-2
iNaturalist	68049
GBIF	2882580
Freebase	/m/04hx6d
WisFlora	2585
FEIS	plants/shrub/arcuva
EPPO	ARYUU
EOL	583640
Elurikkus	2877
Calflora (Californian flora)	624
USDA GRIN	3866
Wikipedia	Arctostaphylos_uva-ursi
PFAF	Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

UHPLC-PDA-ESI-TOF/MS metabolic profiling of Arctostaphylos pungens and Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. A comparative study of phenolic compounds from leaf methanolic extracts.

Panusa A, Petrucci R, Marrosu G, Multari G, Gallo FR

Phytochemistry

01-Jul-2015

doi:	10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2015.01.002
PMID:	25702282

HPLC Analysis of Phenolics and Flavonoids in<i>Arctostaphylos uvae-ursi</i>

M. Veit, I. Rensen, J. Kirch, H. Geiger, F.-C Czygan

Georg Thieme Verlag KG

07-Nov-2008

doi:	10.1055/S-2006-961707

1342. Gallotannins. Part XII. Phenolic constituents of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi L. Spreng

G. Britton, E. Haslam

Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

23-Apr-2004

doi:	10.1039/JR9650007312

Quantitative determination of biologically active constituents in medicinal plant crude extracts by thin-layer chromatography—densitometry

M. Vanhaelen, R. Vanhaelen-Fastre

Elsevier BV

25-Jul-2002

doi:	10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87884-5

Determination of arbutin in uvae-ursi folium (bearberry leaves) by capillary zone electrophoresis

E. Kenndler, Ch. Schwer, B. Fritsche, M. Pöhm

Elsevier BV

25-Jul-2002

doi:	10.1016/S0021-9673(01)89414-0

A single extraction step in the quantitative analysis of arbutin in bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) leaves by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Parejo I, Viladomat F, Bastida J, Codina C

Phytochem Anal

01-Sep-2001

doi:	10.1002/PCA.602
PMID:	11705262

[Anti-tyrosinase activity constituents of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi].

Matsuo K, Kobayashi M, Takuno Y, Kuwajima H, Ito H, Yoshida T

Yakugaku Zasshi

01-Dec-1997

doi:	10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.117.12_1028
PMID:	9437910

[Pharmacological studies on leaf of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. IV. Effect of 50% methanolic extract from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. (bearberry leaf) on melanin synthesis].

Matsuda H, Nakamura S, Shiomoto H, Tanaka T, Kubo M

Yakugaku Zasshi

01-Apr-1992

doi:	10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.112.4_276
PMID:	1403661

[Pharmacological studies on leaf of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. III. Combined effect of arbutin and indomethacin on immuno-inflammation].

Matsuda H, Tanaka T, Kubo M

Yakugaku Zasshi

01-Apr-1991

doi:	10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.111.4-5_253
PMID:	1875280

[Pharmacological studies on leaf of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. I. Combined effect of 50% methanolic extract from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. (bearberry leaf) and prednisolone on immuno-inflammation].

Kubo M, Ito M, Nakata H, Matsuda H

Yakugaku Zasshi

01-Jan-1990

doi:	10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.110.1_59
PMID:	1693958

Isolation of Piceoside from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi.

Karikas GA, Euerby MR, Waigh RD

Planta Med

01-Jun-1987

doi:	10.1055/S-2006-962721
PMID:	17269034

In Vitro-Cultures of Arctostaphylos-Species. III: Phytochemical Comparison of in Vitro-Cultures and Outdoor Plants.

Linnenbrink N, Kraus L

Planta Med

01-Dec-1986

doi:	10.1055/S-2007-969284
PMID:	17345439

Search for possible antitumor promoters by inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced Epstein-Barr virus activation; ursolic acid and oleanolic acid from an anti-inflammatory Chinese medicinal plant, Glechoma hederaceae L.

Ohigashi H, Takamura H, Koshimizu K, Tokuda H, Ito Y

Cancer Lett

01-Feb-1986

doi:	10.1016/0304-3835(86)90082-0
PMID:	3006912

Inhibitory effect of tannins on reverse transcriptase from RNA tumor virus.

Kakiuchi N, Hattori M, Namba T, Nishizawa M, Yamagishi T, Okuda T

J Nat Prod

01-Jul-1985

doi:	10.1021/NP50040A016
PMID:	2413172

Inhibitory effect of gallotannins on the respiration of rat liver mitochondria.

Nishizawa M, Yamagishi T, Ohyama T

Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo)

01-Jun-1983

doi:	10.1248/CPB.31.2150
PMID:	6640796

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids
Gallic Acid	370	Click to see	170.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)89414-0 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.117.12_1028 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961707
Methylgallic acid	20223962	Click to see CC1=C(C(=C(C=C1C(=O)O)O)O)O	184.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2015.01.002
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Galloyl esters
Methyl Gallate	7428	Click to see	184.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.117.12_1028
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenediols / Hydroquinones
Hydroquinone	785	Click to see	110.11	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097213 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.117.12_1028 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)89414-0 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961707
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenediols / Resorcinols
Resorcinol	5054	Click to see	110.11	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)89414-0
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Dibenzylbutane lignans
(3S,4S,5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxy-3,4-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)-1,6-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)hexane-1,2,6-trione	129630482	Click to see	788.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50040A016 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.31.2150
Trigalloylglucose	90116889	Click to see	636.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50040A016 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.31.2150 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2015.01.002
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(+)-Ursolic Acid	64945	Click to see	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(86)90082-0
Oleanolic Acid	10494	Click to see	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(86)90082-0
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)oxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	78302504	Click to see	424.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9650007312
[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)oxan-3-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	75053118	Click to see	424.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9650007312
2-Hydroxymethyl-6-(4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-tetrahydro-pyran-3,4,5-triol	346	Click to see	272.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)89414-0 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961707 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.110.1_59 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.111.4-5_253 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962721 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969284 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.112.4_276 https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.602 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87884-5
2-O-Galloylarbutin	44586968	Click to see	424.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9650007312
4-Methoxyphenylglucoside	80131	Click to see	286.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2015.01.002 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962721
6-O-galloyl arbutin	3083924	Click to see	424.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9650007312
Arbutin	440936	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	272.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.602 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87884-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)89414-0 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961707 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.110.1_59 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.111.4-5_253 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962721 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969284 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.112.4_276
Picein	92123	Click to see	298.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962721
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Heptoses
(3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5,6,7-pentahydroxy-1-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)heptane-1,2-dione	21120298	Click to see	332.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2015.01.002
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-3-yl 6-deoxyhexopyranoside	5353915	Click to see	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2015.01.002
Hyperoside	5281643	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961707
Myricetin 3-beta-D-glucopyranoside	12311099	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	480.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961707
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / Retro-dihydrochalcones
Digalloylglucose	129628549	Click to see	484.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2015.01.002
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins
2,3,4,6-Tetragalloyl-D-glucopyranose	13888121	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)O)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O	788.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9650007312
2,3,4,6-Tetragalloylglucose	13888120	Click to see	788.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9650007312
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
[4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	102116621	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O	424.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9650007312
[4-[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	162844953	Click to see	424.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9650007312
Corilagin	73568	Click to see	634.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9650007312
Corilagin (Standard)	5089683	Click to see	634.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9650007312

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Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

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