Marah macrocarpa
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64405c22c6d36687452610 |
| Scientific name | Marah macrocarpa |
| Authority | (Greene) Greene |
| First published in | Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 36 (1910) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Live ornamental vines (Marah macrocarpa) are sold by horticultural nurseries for use in gardens, as climbing plants on walls, arbors, or as ground‑cover on slopes. Propagation material such as seed and cuttings is also marketed to gardeners.
Industrial and craft applications:
- The bitter fruit yields cucurbitacins, which are extracted and used as reference standards in analytical chemistry and as model compounds in studies of plant defense and insect feeding deterrence. The extracts are employed in laboratory assays rather than as commercial products.
Properties relevant to use:
- The fruit contains high concentrations of cucurbitacins (type C), responsible for its pronounced bitterness; these triterpenoids are stable under acidic conditions, facilitating extraction and analysis. The vines develop woody, tuberous roots that provide structural resilience, a trait valued in ornamental cultivation for drought tolerance.
Sustainability and sourcing:
- As a native species of California and Baja California, M. macrocarpa is harvested from wild populations for horticulture. Sustainable practices include collecting seed from non‑destructive, well‑established stands and promoting cultivation to reduce pressure on wild plants.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Echinocystis macrocarpa | Greene | Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1(4): 188 (1885) |
| Micrampelis macrocarpa | Greene | Pittonia 2: 129 (1890) |
| Megarrhiza macrocarpa | (Greene) Tidestr. | Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 48: 43 (1935) |
| Micrampelis leptocarpa | Greene | Pittonia 2: 282 (1892) |
| Marah leptocarpa | (Greene) Greene | Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 36 (1910) |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Northern America click to expand
-
Mexico
- Mexico Northwest
-
Southwestern U.S.A.
- California
-
Mexico
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0001300996 |
| Tropicos | 9200473 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:152834-2 |
| The Plant List | tro-9200473 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 1066437 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 48242 |
| IPNI | 152834-2 |
| iNaturalist | 77959 |
| GBIF | 3622216 |
| Freebase | /m/02622zx |
| EOL | 584303 |
| Elurikkus | 385529 |
| Calflora (Californian flora) | 11822 |
| USDA GRIN | 23389 |
| Wikipedia | Marah_macrocarpa |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
| Accession | Assembly | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Level | Submitter | Released | Coverage | Size | |
| GCA_052075745.1 | ASM5207574v1 | Scaffold | Iridian Genomes | 2025-08-17 | 60 | 577.71 Mb |
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids | |||||
| [(E)-5-[(1S,4aR,8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]-3-methylpent-2-enyl] phosphono hydrogen phosphate | 162883301 | Click to see | 450.40 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC426057/ |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / C19-gibberellins / C19-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids | |||||
| (1S,2R,5S,8S,9S,10S,11S)-11-methyl-6-methylidene-12-oxo-13-oxapentacyclo[9.3.3.15,8.01,10.02,8]octadecane-9-carboxylic acid | 159696818 | Click to see | 330.40 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC158260/ |
| Gibb-2-ene-1,10-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4a-dihydroxy-1-methyl-8-methylene-, 1,4a-lactone, (1alpha,4beta,4aalpha,4bbeta,10beta)- | 101603126 | Click to see | 330.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00179-3 |
| Gibberellic acid | 6466 | Click to see CC12C(C=CC3(C1C(C45C3CCC(C4)(C(=C)C5)O)C(=O)O)OC2=O)O | 346.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00179-3 |
| Gibberellin A1 | 5280379 | Click to see CC12C(CCC3(C1C(C45C3CCC(C4)(C(=C)C5)O)C(=O)O)OC2=O)O | 348.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00179-3 |
| Gibberellin A37 | 14605568 | Click to see CC12C(CCC3(C1C(C45C3CCC(C4)C(=C)C5)C(=O)O)COC2=O)O | 346.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00179-3 |
| Gibberellin A44 | 5460372 | Click to see CC12CCCC3(C1C(C45C3CCC(C4)(C(=C)C5)O)C(=O)O)COC2=O | 346.40 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC158260/ |
| Gibberellin A9 | 5281984 | Click to see | 316.40 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC158260/ |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / C20-gibberellins | |||||
| Gibberellin A13 trimethyl ester | 630064 | Click to see CC1(C(CCC2(C1C(C34C2CCC(C3)C(=C)C4)C(=O)OC)C(=O)OC)O)C(=O)OC | 420.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)83034-2 |
| trimethyl (1R,2S,3R,4R,6R,8R,9R,12R)-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.01,9.03,8]pentadecane-2,4,8-tricarboxylate | 163075612 | Click to see CC1(CC(CC2(C1C(C34C2CCC(C3)C(=C)C4)C(=O)OC)C(=O)OC)O)C(=O)OC | 420.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)83034-2 |
| trimethyl (1R,2S,3S,4S,5S,8R,9R,12R)-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.01,9.03,8]pentadecane-2,4,8-tricarboxylate | 14605717 | Click to see | 420.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)83034-2 |
| Trimethyl 6-hydroxy-4-methyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.01,9.03,8]pentadecane-2,4,8-tricarboxylate | 163075611 | Click to see | 420.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)83034-2 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / C20-gibberellins / C20-gibberellin 20-carboxylic acids | |||||
| (1R,2S,3S,4R,5R,6S,8R,9R,12R)-5,6-dihydroxy-4-methyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.01,9.03,8]pentadecane-2,4,8-tricarboxylic acid | 163003299 | Click to see CC1(C2C(C34CC(CCC3C2(CC(C1O)O)C(=O)O)C(=C)C4)C(=O)O)C(=O)O | 394.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)83034-2 |
| 5,6-Dihydroxy-4-methyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.01,9.03,8]pentadecane-2,4,8-tricarboxylic acid | 14833730 | Click to see | 394.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)83034-2 |
| Gibberellin A17 | 5460657 | Click to see | 378.40 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC158260/ |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / C20-gibberellins / C20-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids | |||||
| Gibberellin A12 | 443450 | Click to see | 332.40 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC158260/ |
| Gibberellin A19 | 5460209 | Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1C(C34C2CCC(C3)(C(=C)C4)O)C(=O)O)C=O)C(=O)O | 362.40 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC158260/ |
| Gibberellin A53 | 440914 | Click to see CC12CCCC(C1C(C34C2CCC(C3)(C(=C)C4)O)C(=O)O)(C)C(=O)O | 348.40 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC158260/ |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Kaurane diterpenoids | |||||
| (1R,2R,3S,4S,5R,9S,10S,13R,14R)-2,3-dihydroxy-14-(hydroxymethyl)-5,9-dimethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid | 162893725 | Click to see CC12CCCC(C1C(C(C34C2CCC(C3)C(C4)CO)O)O)(C)C(=O)O | 352.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)83034-2 |
| (1R,2R,3S,4S,5R,9S,10S,13R,14S)-2,3,14-trihydroxy-14-(hydroxymethyl)-5,9-dimethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid | 101482220 | Click to see | 368.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)83034-2 |
| (ent-6alpha,7alpha,16alphaH)-6,7,17-Trihydroxy-19-kauranoic acid | 131752049 | Click to see | 352.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)83034-2 |
| 2,3,14-Trihydroxy-14-(hydroxymethyl)-5,9-dimethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid | 14160530 | Click to see | 368.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)83034-2 |
| Ent-Kaurene | 11966109 | Click to see | 272.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JA00270A050 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-Heptamethyl-8-oxo-1,2,3,4a,5,6,6a,7,9,10,12,13,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl) acetate | 163033863 | Click to see CC(=O)OC1CCC2(C3CCC4C5=C(CCC(C5)(C)C)C(=O)CC4(C3(CCC2C1(C)C)C)C)C | 468.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(79)80081-2 |
| (4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-Heptamethyl-8-oxo-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,9,10,12,14,14a-dodecahydropicen-3-yl) acetate | 163099228 | Click to see CC(=O)OC1CCC2(C(C1(C)C)CCC3(C2CC=C4C3(CC(=O)C5=C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C)C)C | 466.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(79)80081-2 |
| (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bR)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,4a,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-5-one | 101324834 | Click to see CC1(CCC2C(C1)C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2=O)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(79)80081-2 |
| [(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8-oxo-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,9,10,12,14,14a-dodecahydropicen-3-yl] acetate | 163099229 | Click to see | 466.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(79)80081-2 |
| [(3S,4aR,6aS,6aR,6bR,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8-oxo-1,2,3,4a,5,6,6a,7,9,10,12,13,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl] acetate | 163033864 | Click to see | 468.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(79)80081-2 |
| 10-Hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,4a,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-5-one | 78077963 | Click to see | 426.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(79)80081-2 |
| methyl (4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-5,10-diacetyloxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate | 14337657 | Click to see | 570.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(79)80081-2 |
| Methyl 5,10-diacetyloxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate | 14337656 | Click to see | 570.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(79)80081-2 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |