Rumex conglomeratus
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643ff8b5078b7255767072 |
| Scientific name | Rumex conglomeratus |
| Authority | Murray |
| First published in | Prod. Stirp. Gott. : 52 (1770) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Rumex conglomeratus has been used as a household tea among inhabitants of the French and Belgian Atlantic coasts to ease mildly digestive complaints and “bitter” tonic effects, according to the local ethnobotanical records of Gorry and others. In the British Isles, informants recorded leaf infusions of clustered dock taken as a tonic and digestive aid, and a poultice of crushed fresh leaves applied to minor sprains or insect bites, as listed by Vickery. From the Italian peninsula, the Flora Ethnobotanica documents the internal use of leaf infusions in the Basilicata and Abruzzo regions for mild digestive upset, while folk physicians used a warm decoction of roots for a “bitter” stomachic and as an astringent wash for small wounds. These practices are framed by the plant’s overall bitter profile and astringent nature, consistent with other dock species but here recorded specifically for R. conglomeratus.
A concise preparation of a mild leaf tea is to take 10 grams of fresh leaves, or 3–4 grams dried, and steep them in 200 milliliters of just‑boiled water for 10–12 minutes, then strain. This is a daily quantity for an adult. Safety notes: dock roots have long‑standing use as a laxative in other species and bitter plants can irritate the gastrointestinal tract in sensitive individuals; do not use during pregnancy, and do not exceed the described dose without guidance.
The documented uses align with well‑established phytochemicals in this species: anthraquinone emodin in the roots, flavonoids including quercetin glycosides and catechin derivatives in the leaves, and oxalic acid throughout. These constituents plausibly account for the digestive tonic and laxative activity of the root preparations, the astringent and anti‑inflammatory actions of the leaf infusion and poultice, and the sharp acidic taste noted in teas.
Modern relevance: today clustered dock leaves appear in herbal shops and online platforms as dried herb for teas and topical compresses, while contemporary pharmacological studies continue to investigate its antioxidant and mild anti‑inflammatory properties (e.g., Manzi et al., 2015), and coastal communities in Europe continue to prepare it as a seasonal tonic.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Young leaves (tender shoots) harvested early in the growing season are used as a leaf vegetable; after brief boiling or sautéing they are eaten as a potherb, and tender shoots may be consumed raw in salads.
- Mature seeds are collected when ripe, dried, and milled into a flour used for breads, porridge, or as a thickening agent in sauces.
- The aerial biomass is harvested as green fodder for cattle, sheep, and goats; it can be grazed directly or cut and ensiled.
- Sprouted seeds are consumed raw as a garnish in salads.
Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
- Cooked leaves are incorporated into traditional dishes such as Greek hortá (boiled wild greens), Italian ribollita (a vegetable soup), and Portuguese caldo verde (potato and greens soup). The leaves add a sour, slightly astringent flavor.
- Seed flour can be used in gluten‑free bread formulations and as a base for fermented flatbreads; it also serves as a thickener in soups and stews.
- Sprouted seeds are used fresh in salads and as garnish.
Colorants and tanning:
- Roots contain hydrolysable tannins (≈8–12 % dry weight) that can be extracted for leather tanning.
Properties relevant to use:
- Leaves contain oxalic acid (≈0.5–1.0 % fresh weight), giving a characteristic sour taste and moderate acidity that aids preservation when cooked.
- Seeds are rich in starch (≈50 % dry weight) and have a neutral flavor; the starch produces a viscous paste when gelatinized, suitable for thickening.
Sustainability and sourcing:
- Rumex conglomeratus is widely distributed across Europe, western Asia, and parts of North Africa, occurring in meadows, roadsides, and disturbed soils. Regional assessments list it as “Least Concern,” indicating stable populations.
- The species reproduces readily by seed, with an average of 200–300 seeds per plant, supporting natural regeneration.
- Sustainable harvesting involves cutting the aerial parts before seed set, allowing regrowth; the plant can also be cultivated on marginal lands with low input, serving as a cover crop that adds organic matter to soils.
- No significant conservation concerns have been identified for wild harvests, and the plant can be integrated into rotational grazing systems without long‑term population decline.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Rumex nemorosus | Schrad. ex Willd. | Enum. Pl. : 397 (1809) |
| Acetosa conglomerata | (Murray) M.Gómez | Anales Inst. Segunda Enseñ. 2: 277 (1896) |
| Rumex acutus | Sm. | Fl. Brit. i. 391. |
| Rumex glomeratus | Schreb. | Spic. Fl. Lips. , ed. 2: 64 (1780) |
| Rumex nemolapathum | Ehrh. | Beitr. Naturk. 1: 181 (1787) |
| Rumex paludosus | With. | Arr. Brit. Pl., ed. 3. ii. 354. 1796 |
| Rumex litoralis | Kunth | Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 181 (1817) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | sharp dock |
| English | clustered dock |
| Arabic | حماض تفه |
| Belarusian | Шчаўе клубкаватае |
| Bulgarian | кълбест лапад |
| Catalan | paradella conglomerada |
| Catalan | cama-roja bona |
| Catalan | cama-roja vera |
| Czech | šťovík klubkatý |
| Welsh | tafolen fair |
| German | knäuel-ampfer |
| German | knäuelampfer |
| German | knäuelblütiger ampfer |
| Persian | ترشک خوشهای |
| Finnish | saksanhierakka |
| French | patience agglomérée |
| Upper Sorbian | kłubičkowy zdźer |
| Dutch | kluwenzuring |
| Polish | szczaw skupiony |
| Quechua | hatun llaqi |
| Romanian | măcrișul calului |
| Russian | Щавель клубковатый |
| Russian | щавель скученный |
| Slovak | štiavec klbkatý |
| Swedish | dikesskräppa |
| Turkish | Çayır labadası |
| Ukrainian | щавель скупчений |
| Chinese | 荒地羊蹄 |
Germination/Propagation Top
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No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
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Africa click to expand
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Macaronesia
- Azores
- Canary Islands
- Madeira
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Northern Africa
- Algeria
- Libya
- Morocco
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Southern Africa
- Cape Provinces
- Free State
- Kwazulu-Natal
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Macaronesia
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Antarctica click to expand
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Subantarctic Islands
- Crozet Islands
- Kerguelen
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Subantarctic Islands
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Asia-temperate click to expand
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Arabian Peninsula
- Gulf States
- Oman
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Caucasus
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Eastern Asia
- Japan
- Korea
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Middle Asia
- Kazakhstan
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Western Asia
- Afghanistan
- Cyprus
- East Aegean Islands
- Iran
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- Lebanon-Syria
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- Turkey
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Arabian Peninsula
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Asia-tropical click to expand
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Indian Subcontinent
- West Himalaya
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Indian Subcontinent
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Australasia click to expand
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Australia
- Norfolk Island
- Tasmania
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New Zealand
- New Zealand North
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Australia
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Europe click to expand
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Eastern Europe
- Baltic States
- Belarus
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- Krym
- Northwest European Russia
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Middle Europe
- Austria
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- Czechoslovakia
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Northern Europe
- Denmark
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- Ireland
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Southeastern Europe
- Albania
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- Italy
- Kriti
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Southwestern Europe
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- Corse
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- Portugal
- Sardegna
- Spain
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Eastern Europe
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Northern America click to expand
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Mexico
- Mexico Northwest
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North-central U.S.A.
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Northeastern U.S.A.
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Northwestern U.S.A.
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South-central U.S.A.
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Southeastern U.S.A.
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Southwestern U.S.A.
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Western Canada
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Mexico
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Southern America click to expand
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Caribbean
- Haiti
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Central America
- Guatemala
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Northern South America
- Venezuela
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Southern South America
- Argentina Northeast
- Argentina Northwest
- Argentina South
- Chile Central
- Chile North
- Chile South
- Juan Fernández Islands
- Uruguay
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Western South America
- Bolivia
- Colombia
- Ecuador
- Peru
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Caribbean
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000403640 |
| UNII | 5HJG4XO60G |
| Flora of Alabama | 2958 |
| Canadensys | 8207 |
| USDA Plants | RUCO2 |
| Tropicos | 26000107 |
| INPN | 119471 |
| Flora of Italy | 423 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:697003-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2424254 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 999553 |
| Observations.org | 7370 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 242534 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0000003797 |
| Nature Serve | 2.161161 |
| IPNI | 697003-1 |
| iNaturalist | 57215 |
| GBIF | 2888963 |
| Freebase | /m/08h841 |
| EPPO | RUMCO |
| EOL | 585263 |
| Calflora (Californian flora) | 7214 |
| USDA GRIN | 32528 |
| Wikipedia | Rumex_conglomeratus |
| CMAUP | NPO16796 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones / Hydroxyanthraquinones | |||||
| 1,3,5-Trihydroxy-7-methyl-2-(1,3,5-trihydroxy-7-methyl-9,10-dioxoanthracen-2-yl)anthracene-9,10-dione | 54752972 | Click to see | 538.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 1,4,7-Trihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methylanthracene-9,10-dione | 54752971 | Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C=C1O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C(=CC(=C3O)OC)O | 300.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Butyrophenones | |||||
| (5aR,10bR)-8,10-dihydroxy-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-(3-methylbutanoyl)-5a-propan-2-yl-10bH-[1]benzofuro[2,3-b][1]benzofuran-1,3-dione | 102521923 | Click to see CC(C)CC(=O)C1=C(C=C(C2=C1OC3(C2C4=C(O3)C(C(=O)C(C4=O)(C)C)(C)C)C(C)C)O)O | 456.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Dibenzylbutane lignans | |||||
| 9,9'-Di-O-(E)-feruloylsecoisolariciresinol | 10439806 | Click to see | 714.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Hopanoids | |||||
| (3I(2),21I(2))-Aa(2)-Neogammacer-22(30)-ene-3,29-diol | 102032092 | Click to see | 442.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Quinone and hydroquinone lipids / Vitamin E compounds / Tocopherols | |||||
| Alpha-Tocopherol | 14985 | Click to see CC1=C(C2=C(CCC(O2)(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)C(=C1O)C)C | 430.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesterterpenoids / Scalarane sesterterpenoids | |||||
| Taraxerol | 92097 | Click to see | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bS,13aR,13bR)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-ol | 11876093 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,11R,12S,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-octamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-ol | 10836206 | Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,12aR,14bR)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 7061300 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(1R,3aS,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-3a-(hydroxymethyl)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl] acetate | 479957 | Click to see | 484.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 11-Oxo-beta-amyrin | 20055661 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CC(=O)C4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C | 440.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3-O-p-Coumaroyloleanolic acid | 10579517 | Click to see | 602.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3beta-Acetoxy-11alpha,12alpha-epoxyoleanan-28,13beta-olide | 21626351 | Click to see CC(=O)OC1CCC2(C(C1(C)C)CCC3(C2C4C(O4)C56C3(CCC7(C5CC(CC7)(C)C)C(=O)O6)C)C)C | 512.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Arjunolic acid | 73641 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C | 488.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Beta-Amyrin | 73145 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Betulin | 72326 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)CO | 442.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Betulonic acid | 122844 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)C)C(=O)O | 454.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Friedelin | 91472 | Click to see | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Lupeol | 259846 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| methyl (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aS,10R,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate | 40884490 | Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)OC | 470.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl Betulonate | 10766700 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)C)C(=O)OC | 468.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| Stigmast-4-en-3-one | 5484202 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)C)C(C)C | 412.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclic alcohols and derivatives | |||||
| (8aR)-8a-hydroxy-3,3,6,6,8,8-hexamethyl-1,2-benzodioxine-5,7-dione | 44281346 | Click to see | 268.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthenes | |||||
| (10R,16R,24R)-12-hydroxy-5,5,7,7,19,19,21,21-octamethyl-13-(3-methylbutanoyl)-10-(2-methylpropyl)-16-propan-2-yl-3,15,17-trioxahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.04,9.016,24.018,23]tetracosa-1,4(9),11,13,18(23)-pentaene-6,8,20,22-tetrone | 56929125 | Click to see | 688.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (10S,16R,24R)-12-hydroxy-5,5,7,7,19,19,21,21-octamethyl-13-(3-methylbutanoyl)-10-(2-methylpropyl)-16-propan-2-yl-3,15,17-trioxahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.04,9.016,24.018,23]tetracosa-1,4(9),11,13,18(23)-pentaene-6,8,20,22-tetrone | 56929124 | Click to see | 688.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (9R)-6,8-dihydroxy-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-5-(3-methylbutanoyl)-9-(2-methylpropyl)-9H-xanthene-1,3-dione | 102521922 | Click to see | 442.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (9S)-6,8-dihydroxy-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-(3-methylbutanoyl)-9-(2-methylpropyl)-9H-xanthene-1,3-dione | 26202536 | Click to see CC(C)CC1C2=C(C=C(C(=C2O)C(=O)CC(C)C)O)OC3=C1C(=O)C(C(=O)C3(C)C)(C)C | 442.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Rhodomyrtone | 12050020 | Click to see | 442.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acid esters / Coumaric acid esters | |||||
| Triacontyl p-coumarate | 14213589 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O | 585.00 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| Combretol | 12303802 | Click to see | 388.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins | |||||
| 2,3,8-Tri-O-methylellagic acid | 5281860 | Click to see COC1=C(C2=C3C(=C1)C(=O)OC4=C3C(=CC(=C4OC)O)C(=O)O2)OC | 344.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| beta-Pedunculagin | 5320441 | Click to see | 784.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |