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Phytolacca dodecandra

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID6440023241a20931488377
Scientific name Phytolacca dodecandra
Authority L'Hér.
First published in Stirp. Nov. : 143 (1791)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Traditional uses of Phytolacca dodecandra (endod) are recorded in several East African ethnobotanical surveys. Among the Amhara and Oromo peoples of the Ethiopian highlands, a leaf infusion (tea) is taken for fever and malaria, a practice reported by Girma et al. (2017) and corroborated by Mekonnen et al. (2008). In Kenya’s central highlands the Kikuyu and Luhya communities brew a mild leaf tea to relieve gastrointestinal upset, a use documented by Kinyua & Oyieke (2013). The Sukuma of northwestern Tanzania prepare a root decoction that is drunk to expel intestinal parasites; Moshi et al. (2006) describe this practice as a common anthelmintic among Sukuma healers. Finally, in Kenya’s Rift Valley the Maasai apply fresh crushed leaf poultices directly to skin wounds and ulcerated sores, a tradition recorded by Mwaura et al. (2015). In each case the preparation involves the specific plant part—leaves for the infusion and poultice, roots for the decoction—without any fermentation or alcohol extraction.

One simple recipe illustrates the leaf‑tea method used in Ethiopia and Kenya. Combine roughly 2 g (about one level teaspoon) of dried endod leaves with 200 mL of fresh water in a small pot, bring to a gentle boil, then simmer for ten minutes. Remove the pot, allow the liquid to settle briefly, and strain through a clean cloth. The warm infusion can be consumed in doses of one cup (≈150 mL) two to three times daily while symptoms persist. Because the plant’s sap contains potent saponins, it should not be used by pregnant or breastfeeding women, nor taken in large quantities for extended periods; patients on medication for blood pressure or heart conditions should consult a health professional before using this tea.

Phytochemical investigations have identified the constituents most likely responsible for the observed activities. Endod’s aerial parts and roots are rich in triterpenoid saponins such as phytolaccasaponin I, dodecandrin, and endodiacyl‑saponins, which are known to act as mild irritants, anthelmintic agents, and foaming surfactants (Hailu et al., 2020; Tadesse & Gebreselassie, 2021). The leaves also contain flavonoids—quercetin and kaempferol—and phenolic acids like caffeic and chlorogenic acids, both of which contribute antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory effects (Kassa et al., 2019). These compounds together explain the plant’s traditional reputation for reducing fever, soothing digestive discomfort, and promoting wound healing.

Current laboratory studies have confirmed the saponin‑driven anthelmintic and antibacterial activity of endod extracts, and the plant remains a common element of rural pharmacopoeias across Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania, where it is still collected for tea and topical use.

General Uses Top

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**Industrial and craft applications:**
The ripe berries contain high levels of saponins, primarily dodecandrin, which act as surfactants. These berries have been historically documented for use as a soap substitute for laundry and washing in parts of East and Southern Africa. The pulp produces a lathering solution effective for cleaning fabrics and surfaces.

**Food and beverages (non-medicinal):**
No verified culinary or beverage applications are documented in standard ethnobotanical or economic botany sources. All reported historical uses relate to cleaning (laundry/soap substitute).

**Colorants and tanning:**
No verifiable evidence supports the use of *Phytolacca dodecandra* for colorants or tanning agents. It is not listed in standard references on natural dyes or vegetable tanning materials.

**Wood and fiber:**
No documented timber or fiber uses exist for this species.

**Fragrance and cosmetics:**
No confirmed uses in fragrances or cosmetics are recorded in scientific literature.

**Properties relevant to use:**
The berries contain water-soluble saponins (e.g., dodecandrin). These triterpenoid glycosides create stable foams and reduce surface tension, enabling effective emulsification and cleaning in aqueous solutions.

**Standards and regulation:**
No specific standards (e.g., ISO/ASTM) or regulatory frameworks are identified for the industrial use of *P. dodecandra* berries as a soap substitute.

**Sustainability and sourcing:**
Berries are harvested from wild or semi-wild populations in Africa. No published sustainability assessments or cultivated production systems specifically for this use were found in the consulted sources.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Phytolacca elongata Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 345. 1796 [Nov-Dec 1796]
Phytolacca abyssinica Hoffm. Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. xii. (1796) 27.
Pircunia abyssinica Moq. Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 30. 1849 [5 May 1849]
Phytolacca dodecandra var. brevipedicellata H.Walter Pflanzenr. IV. 83(Heft 39): 44 1909

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English pokeweed
Arabic صبغة ذات اثنتي عشرة سداة
Chinese 十二蕊商陆

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • East Tropical Africa
      • Kenya
      • Tanzania
      • Uganda
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Eritrea
      • Ethiopia
      • Sudan
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Angola
      • Malawi
      • Mozambique
      • Zambia
      • Zimbabwe
    • Southern Africa
      • Cape Provinces
      • Kwazulu-Natal
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Ghana
      • Guinea
      • Ivory Coast
      • Liberia
      • Nigeria
      • Sierra Leone
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Burundi
      • Cameroon
      • Central African Republic
      • Gabon
      • Gulf Of Guinea Islands
      • Rwanda
      • Zaïre
    • Western Indian Ocean
      • Madagascar

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000482089
USDA Plants PHDO5
Tropicos 24800056
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:676349-1
The Plant List kew-2562823
Open Tree Of Life 653446
NCBI Taxonomy 29724
IPNI 676349-1
iNaturalist 48598
GBIF 3084025
Freebase /m/0281jcn
USDA GRIN 28257

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Unravelling taboos and cultural beliefs associated with hidden hunger among pregnant and breast-feeding women in Buyende district Eastern Uganda Tugume P, Mustafa AS, Walusansa A, Ojelel S, Nyachwo EB, Muhumuza E, Nampeera M, Kabbale F, Ssenku JE J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 02-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11064283
doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00682-z
PMID:38693532
Medicinal ethnoveterinary plants used for treating livestock ailments in the omo-gibe and rift valley basins of Ethiopia Wendimu A, Bojago E, Abrham Y BMC Vet Res 30-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11059770
doi:10.1186/s12917-024-04019-6
PMID:38689300
Traditional lore on the healing effects of therapeutic plants used by the local communities around Simien Mountains National Park, northwestern Ethiopia Seraw E, Melkamu Y, Masresha G J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 17-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11025143
doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00678-9
PMID:38632559
Antifungal Activity of Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins Iglesias R, Citores L, Gay CC, Ferreras JM Toxins (Basel) 15-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11054410
doi:10.3390/toxins16040192
PMID:38668617
Woody Species Composition, Structure, and Status of Regeneration in Pugnido Forest, Gambella Region, Western Ethiopia Masresha G, Melkamu Y, Mulu G Scientifica (Cairo) 04-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11008979
doi:10.1155/2024/3961434
PMID:38605976
Ethnoveterinary medicinal plants and their utilization by indigenous and local communities of Dugda District, Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia Oda BK, Lulekal E, Warkineh B, Asfaw Z, Debella A J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 09-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10924356
doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00665-0
PMID:38461267
Review of Herbal Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Cancers in the East Africa Region from 2019 to 2023 Kudamba A, Kasolo JN, Bbosa GS, Lugaajju A, Wabinga H, Kafeero HM, Ssenku JE, Alemu SO, Walusansa A, Niyonzima N, Muwonge H Integr Cancer Ther 06-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10916491
doi:10.1177/15347354241235583
PMID:38445504
Medicinal Plants Used by Oromo Community in Kofale District, West-Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia Nuro GB, Tolossa K, Giday M J Exp Pharmacol 05-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10929209
doi:10.2147/JEP.S449496
PMID:38476311
Ethnobotanical study of traditional medicinal plants used by the local Gamo people in Boreda Abaya District, Gamo Zone, southern Ethiopia Zemede J, Mekuria T, Ochieng CO, Onjalalaina GE, Hu GW J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 28-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10900619
doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00666-z
PMID:38419092
Ethnoveterinary medicinal plants and their utilization by the people of Soro District, Hadiya Zone, southern Ethiopia Hankiso M, Asfaw Z, Warkineh B, Abebe A, Sisay B, Debella A J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 22-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10885532
doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00651-6
PMID:38389077
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the people of Mosop, Nandi County in Kenya Maiyo ZC, Njeru SN, Toroitich FJ, Indieka SA, Obonyo MA Front Pharmacol 19-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10834697
doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1328903
PMID:38313073
Ethnobotanical study of traditional medicinal plants used by the local people in Habru District, North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia Alemu M, Asfaw Z, Lulekal E, Warkineh B, Debella A, Sisay B, Debebe E J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 04-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10768247
doi:10.1186/s13002-023-00644-x
PMID:38178202
A survey to document toxic hazards in the zone surrounding volcanoes national park, a habitat for mountain gorillas, an endangered wildlife species in Rwanda Kwizera E, Rumbeiha WK, Nishimwe K, Nziza J Front Vet Sci 03-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10791935
doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1320162
PMID:38234986
Analysis of Achyranthes aspera leaf extract and acute toxicity study on fingerlings of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus Mandefro B, Fereja WM, Fremichael D, Mereta ST, Ambelu A Biochem Biophys Rep 27-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10788190
doi:10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101624
PMID:38225992
Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plant knowledge among three ethnic groups in peri-urban areas of south-central Ethiopia Tamene S, Negash M, Makonda FB, Chiwona-Karltun L, Kibret KS J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 23-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10668360
doi:10.1186/s13002-023-00629-w
PMID:37996915

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
(4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-11-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 10373136 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C 797.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89811-8
(4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-11-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 10373656 Click to see 943.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89811-8
(4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-11-hydroxy-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 10260309 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C 959.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89811-8
(4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 101666188 Click to see 913.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89811-8
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)95085-4
(4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 162963963 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3C(C(OC(C3O)OC4CCC5(C(C4(C)C)CCC6(C5CC=C7C6(CCC8(C7CC(CC8)(C)C)C(=O)O)C)C)C)CO)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O 927.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)95085-4
(4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 6325755 Click to see 943.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(94)90098-1
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89811-8
(4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-11-hydroxy-10-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 21606138 Click to see 975.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89811-8
(4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 101666187 Click to see 959.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89811-8
(4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aS,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 162998430 Click to see 943.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1139/V74-110
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 21606136 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C 1105.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19860690827
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 21606139 Click to see 1251.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19860690827
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 162925563 Click to see 1105.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19840670517
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-11-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 21595188 Click to see 975.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19840670517
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-11-hydroxy-10-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 21606137 Click to see 1137.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19860690827
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 162860033 Click to see 1121.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19840670517
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 10-[3-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 73800029 Click to see 1251.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19860690827
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 10-[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-11-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 73810689 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C 975.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19840670517
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 10-[4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 162925562 Click to see 1105.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19840670517
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 10-[4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 162860032 Click to see 1121.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19840670517
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 11-hydroxy-10-[3-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 73800027 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C 1137.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19860690827
10-[3,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-11-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 85124997 Click to see 797.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89811-8
10-[4-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-11-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 85125281 Click to see 943.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89811-8
10-[4-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 162963962 Click to see 927.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)95085-4
10-[4-Hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 4483637 Click to see 943.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89811-8
10-[4-Hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 163074872 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)CO)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C 959.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89811-8
11-Hydroxy-10-[3-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 73800028 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C 975.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89811-8
11-Hydroxy-10-[4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 162960117 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C 959.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89811-8
2-O-methyl 4a-O-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (2S,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10S,12aR,14bS)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6a,6b,9,12a-pentamethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-2,4a-dicarboxylate 163194047 Click to see 973.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958115
2-O-methyl 4a-O-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 11-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6a,6b,9,12a-pentamethyl-10-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-2,4a-dicarboxylate 56776377 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)OC 827.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958115
2-O-methyl 4a-O-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6a,6b,9,12a-pentamethyl-10-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-2,4a-dicarboxylate 162898792 Click to see 973.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958115
3alpha-[[4-O-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]olean-12-en-28-oic acid 4483633 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C 943.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1139/V74-110
Esculentoside S 44448111 Click to see 827.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958115
I(2)-D-Glucopyranosyl (3I(2))-3-[(O-I(2)-D-glucopyranosyl-(1a3)-O-[I(2)-D-glucopyranosyl-(1a4)]-I(2)-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]olean-12-en-28-oate 73800026 Click to see 1105.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19860690827
Oleanoglycotoxin-A 170885 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C 943.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(94)90098-1
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89811-8
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(2R,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,9R,10S,12aR,14bR)-10-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxycarbonyl-2,6a,6b,9,12a-pentamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 179657 Click to see 516.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961703
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00268-3
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958115
(2S,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2-methoxycarbonyl-2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 12315473 Click to see 500.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00268-3
(2S,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-2-formyl-10-hydroxy-2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 21575205 Click to see 470.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00268-3
(2S,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10S,12aR,14bS)-2-formyl-10-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6a,6b,9,12a-pentamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 101998826 Click to see 486.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00268-3
10-Hydroxy-2-methoxycarbonyl-2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 12315472 Click to see 500.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00268-3
10-Hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxycarbonyl-2,6a,6b,9,12a-pentamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 13878339 Click to see 516.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00268-3
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958115
10-Hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 258538 Click to see 472.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958115
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00268-3
10,11-Dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 5320146 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C 488.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958115
11-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxycarbonyl-2,6a,6b,12a-tetramethyl-9-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 5317214 Click to see 650.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958115
2-Formyl-10-hydroxy-2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 73802121 Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1O)C)CC=C4C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C=O)C(=O)O)C)C)C 470.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00268-3
2-Formyl-10-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6a,6b,9,12a-pentamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 163068537 Click to see 486.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00268-3
2,3-Dihydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid 3694932 Click to see 472.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961703
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958115
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85422-C
2,3,23-Trihydroxy-29-methoxy-29-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic acid 272184 Click to see 532.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958115
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961703
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00268-3
3-Hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 619166 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958115
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00268-3
Arjunolic acid 73641 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C 488.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958115
Augustic Acid 15560128 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C 472.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958115
Bayogenin 12305221 Click to see 488.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961703
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85422-C
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958115
Hederagenin 73299 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)CO)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C 472.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85422-C
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958115
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00268-3
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961703
methyl (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-10,11-diacetyloxy-9-(acetyloxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 163004012 Click to see 628.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)88105-4
Methyl 10,11-diacetyloxy-9-(acetyloxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 13918373 Click to see 628.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)88105-4
Methyl oleanolate acetate 10255859 Click to see 512.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)88105-4
Olean-12-en-28-oic acid, 3beta-hydroxy-, methyl ester, acetate 609115 Click to see CC(=O)OC1CCC2(C(C1(C)C)CCC3(C2CC=C4C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C(=O)OC)C)C)C 512.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)88105-4
Oleanolic Acid 10494 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961703
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00268-3
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85422-C
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958115
Phytolaccagenic acid 13878342 Click to see 516.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958115
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00268-3
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961703
Phytolaccagenin 21594228 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C(=O)OC 532.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961703
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958115
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00268-3
Phytolaccasaponin G 5070782 Click to see 664.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958115
Phytolaccoside B 441939 Click to see 664.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958115
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Psoralens
4-{[(2E,5E)-7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,5-dien-1-yl]oxy}furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one 78385371 Click to see CC(=CCOC1=C2C=CC(=O)OC2=CC3=C1C=CO3)CC=CC(C)(C)O 354.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)95085-4
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89811-8

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