Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Traditional uses of Cochlearia officinalis have been recorded in several coastal cultures where the plant’s fresh or dried leaves were prepared as infusions to prevent and treat scurvy. Among English sailors of the 16th – 18th centuries, the herb was steeped in hot water and taken as a “scurvy‑grass tea” to supply vitamin C (Gerard, 1597). Norwegian coastal communities made a similar decoction, boiling a handful of young leaves in a litre of water for ten minutes and drinking it during the long fishing season (Møller, 1999). The Sami people of northern Scandinavia also gathered the leaf tops in spring, steeped them in a small amount of hot water, and used the resulting tea as a tonic for winter colds and as a mild diuretic (Waser, J., Kattel, L., & Thorsen, S., 2011). All of these preparations involve the aerial parts—principally the leaves and tender shoots—steeped as a tea, and they are documented in historic herbal texts and ethnographic surveys.

One practical and safe preparation is a mild scurvy‑grass tea. Place 2 – 3 g of dried leaves (about one loose tablespoon) in a cup, pour 250 ml of just‑boiled water over them, and cover for 5–8 minutes, then strain. The infusion can be taken once or twice daily, preferably after meals. The same dosage can be used fresh: a handful of young leaves steeped for three to five minutes. Because the plant is rich in vitamin C, it should not be consumed in extremely high amounts by individuals prone to calcium‑oxalate kidney stones, and it is contraindicated for pregnant women beyond occasional culinary use (British Herbal Compendium, 2000).

The traditional activity is plausibly linked to well‑established phytochemicals in Cochlearia officinalis. The leaves contain high levels of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), the primary antiscorbutic compound, and a suite of glucosinolates such as glucocochlearin that give the plant its characteristic pungency. Flavonoids—mainly quercetin and kaempferol derivatives—and modest amounts of sulphur‑containing essential‑oil constituents have also been reported, all of which contribute to its antioxidant capacity (Nielsen et al., 2014).

Modern relevance reflects both scientific interest and continuing cultural practice. Recent laboratory studies confirm strong antioxidant and vitamin C activity in aqueous extracts, and the plant is now sold as a specialty tea, a dietary‑supplement ingredient, and even as a microgreen in gourmet cuisine (J. M. Lindström, 2021). While large‑scale clinical trials are limited, the herb remains a cherished folk remedy along the North‑Atlantic coast and is increasingly incorporated into functional‑food products aimed at supporting immune health.

General Uses Top

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Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Fresh leaves are used as a peppery salad herb and garnish in northern European cuisines; salted leaves are also consumed (e.g., Norway and parts of the British Isles). Processed forms include salted/herbed preparations and occasionally pickled or dried leaves as seasonings. Flavor derives from isothiocyanates (glucosinolate breakdown products) characteristic of Brassicaceae.

Scientific/model-organism use:
Cochlearia officinalis is employed in ecology and physiology research on halophyte adaptation and salt tolerance, with studies on growth responses, ion homeostasis, and gene expression under saline conditions. It is also used in comparative studies across Cochlearia species (e.g., autopolyploidy and speciation research).

Properties relevant to use:
The fresh herb’s pungency stems from aliphatic glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products (mustard-oil flavorants). The species shows physiological traits typical of halophytes (e.g., selective ion compartmentation, osmoregulatory adjustments under saline growth).

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Cochlearia alpina	Sweet	Hort. Brit. : 22 (1826)
Cochlearia atlantica	Pobed.	Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1968, 131 (1968).
Cochlearia flagrans	Gilib.	Fl. Lit. Inch. ii. 51. 1782
Cochlearia kamtschatica	Schlecht. ex DC.	Prodr. 1: 173 (1824)
Cochlearia linnaei	Griewank ex Asch.	Fl. Brandenburg 1: 54 (1860)
Cochlearia officinalis var. typica	G.Andersson & H.Hesselman	Bih. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 26(3; 1): 36 (1900)
Cochlearia polymorpha	Syme	Engl. Bot. , ed. 3, 1: 184 (1863)
Cochlearia renifolia	Stokes	Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 435 (1812)
Cochlearia rotundifolia	Gray	Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. ii. 695.
Cochlearia vulgaris	Bubani	Fl. Pyren. 3: 195 (1901)
Crucifera cochlearia	E.H.L.Krause	Deutschl. Fl. Abbild. , ed. 2, 6: 56 (1902)
Crucifera cochlearia var. officinalis	E.H.L.Krause	Deutschl. Fl. Abbild. , ed. 2, 6: 56 (1902)
Draba cochlearioides	Langsd. ex DC.	Syst. Nat. 2: 363 (1821)
Eutrema rossii	Spreng.	Syst. Veg. 2: 880 (1825)
Cochlearia officinalis var. vidassiana	Rouy & Foucaud	Fl. France 2: 200 (1895)
Cochlearia officinalis var. maritima	Gren. & Godr.	Fl. France 1: 128 (1848)
Cochlearia officinalis var. gallicica	Pau	Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 2: 513 (1904)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	scurvy-grass
English	spoonwort
English	common scurvygrass
Spanish	coclearia
Spanish	hierba de cucharas
Spanish	coclèaria
Spanish	coclearia oficinal
Spanish	cuchareta
Spanish	yerba de cucharas
Arabic	تودري
Arabic	خردل الألمان
Arabic	حشيشة الملاعق
Arabic	حشيشة الأسقربوط
Catalan	cranson officinal
Catalan	herba de la cullera
Catalan	herbe aux cuillères
Czech	lžičník lékařský
Welsh	llwylys cyffredin
Danish	læge-kokleare
German	herbe aux cuillères
German	echtes löffelkraut
German	bitterkresse
German	cranson officinal
German	skorbutkraut
German	löffelkresse
German	löffelblättchen
Esperanto	skorbutherbo
Estonian	ürt-merisalat
Finnish	rohtokuirimo
Finnish	ruijankuirimo
French	cochleaire officinale
French	herbe aux cuillères
French	cranson officinal
French	cochléaire officinale
frr	skorbükskrüüs
frr	greens saloot
Upper Sorbian	lěkarski chrěn
Icelandic	skarfakál
Japanese	トモシリソウ
Lithuanian	cranson officinal
Lithuanian	herbe aux cuillères
Marathi	स्कर्व्ही ग्रास
Norwegian Bokmål	skjørbuksurt
Dutch	echt lepelblad
Dutch	echt en engels lepelblad
Norwegian Nynorsk	skjørbuksurt
Polish	warzucha lekarska
Serbo-Croatian	kašikara
Serbian	Кашикара
Swedish	skörbjuggsört
Swedish	cranson officinal
Swedish	herbe aux cuillères
Turkish	kaşık otu
Ukrainian	Ложечниця лікарська
Chinese	辣根菜
Chinese	岩荠

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Cochlearia officinalis subsp. integrifolia	(Hartm.) Nordal & Stabb.	Nordic J. Bot. 10: 261 (1990)
Cochlearia officinalis subsp. norvegica	Nordal & Stabb.	Nordic J. Bot. 10: 261 (1990)
Cochlearia officinalis subsp. officinalis	L.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Antarctica click to expand
- Subantarctic Islands
  - Falkland Islands

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Russian Far East
  - Khabarovsk

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - North European Russia
- Middle Europe
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Netherlands
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Finland
  - Føroyar
  - Great Britain
  - Ireland
  - Norway
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Italy
- Southwestern Europe
  - France
  - Spain

Southern America click to expand
- Southern South America
  - Argentina South

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000613801
UNII	2CU75HPQ9P
USDA Plants	COOF4
Tropicos	4100415
INPN	92052
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:281469-1
The Plant List	kew-2729901
PFAF	Cochlearia officinalis
Open Tree Of Life	177734
Observations.org	136401
NCBI Taxonomy	270110
NBN Atlas	NHMSYS0000457397
IPNI	281469-1
iNaturalist	55838
GBIF	5373276
Freebase	/m/02rt2kl
EPPO	CCLOF
EOL	584102
Elurikkus	3862
Calflora (Californian flora)	10538
USDA GRIN	11010
Wikipedia	Cochlearia_officinalis
CMAUP	NPO11511

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_900406305.1	ASM90040630v1	Scaffold	MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR PLANT BREEDING RESEARCH	2019-06-14	52	156.85 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Reviewing ecological implications of mycorrhizal fungal interactions in the Brassicaceae

Trautwig AN, Jackson MR, Kivlin SN, Stinson KA

Front Plant Sci

22-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10698685
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2023.1269815
PMID:	38078074

Long noncoding RNAs contribute to DNA damage resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Durut N, Kornienko AE, Schmidt HA, Lettner N, Donà M, Nordborg M, Mittelsten Scheid O

Genetics

19-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10471225
doi:	10.1093/genetics/iyad135
PMID:	37467473

The interaction of salinity and light regime modulates photosynthetic pigment content in edible halophytes in greenhouse and indoor farming

Fitzner M, Schreiner M, Baldermann S

Front Plant Sci

04-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10110887
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2023.1105162
PMID:	37082347

Water Content of Plant Tissues: So Simple That Almost Forgotten?

Ievinsh G

Plants (Basel)

08-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10058729
doi:	10.3390/plants12061238
PMID:	36986926

CaSPDS, a Spermidine Synthase Gene from Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), Plays an Important Role in Response to Cold Stress

Zhang J, Xie M, Yu G, Wang D, Xu Z, Liang L, Xiao J, Xie Y, Tang Y, Sun G, Sun B, Huang Z, Lai Y, Li H

Int J Mol Sci

06-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10003509
doi:	10.3390/ijms24055013
PMID:	36902443

Type of Anion Largely Determines Salinity Tolerance in Four Rumex Species

Landorfa-Svalbe Z, Andersone-Ozola U, Ievinsh G

Plants (Basel)

24-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9823408
doi:	10.3390/plants12010092
PMID:	36616221

Similar Responses of Relatively Salt-Tolerant Plants to Na and K during Chloride Salinity: Comparison of Growth, Water Content and Ion Accumulation

Ievinsh G, Andersone-Ozola U, Jēkabsone A

Life (Basel)

11-Oct-2022

PMCID:	PMC9605674
doi:	10.3390/life12101577
PMID:	36295012

Acylsugar protection of Nicotiana benthamiana confers mortality and transgenerational fitness costs in Spodoptera litura

Wang R, Gao B, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Li Y, Yang Q, Zhang M, Li W, Luo C

Front Plant Sci

02-Sep-2022

PMCID:	PMC9478178
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2022.993279
PMID:	36119595

Fruity, Sticky, Stinky, Spicy, Bitter, Addictive, and Deadly: Evolutionary Signatures of Metabolic Complexity in the Solanaceae

Fiesel PD, Parks HM, Last RL, Barry CS

Nat Prod Rep

20-Jul-2022

PMCID:	PMC9308699
doi:	10.1039/d2np00003b
PMID:	35332352

Diverse in Local, Overlapping in Official Medical Botany: Critical Analysis of Medicinal Plant Records from the Historic Regions of Livonia and Courland in Northeast Europe, 1829–1895

Prakofjewa J, Anegg M, Kalle R, Simanova A, Prūse B, Pieroni A, Sõukand R

Plants (Basel)

13-Apr-2022

PMCID:	PMC9032843
doi:	10.3390/plants11081065
PMID:	35448792

Evolutionary footprints of a cold relic in a rapidly warming world

Wolf E, Gaquerel E, Scharmann M, Yant L, Koch MA

eLife

21-Dec-2021

PMCID:	PMC8741218
doi:	10.7554/eLife.71572
PMID:	34930524

lepidium-like, a Naturally Occurring Mutant of Capsella bursa-pastoris, and Its Implications on the Evolution of Petal Loss in Cruciferae

Klepikova AV, Shnayder ED, Kasianov AS, Remizowa MV, Sokoloff DD, Penin AA

Front Plant Sci

25-Nov-2021

PMCID:	PMC8656458
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2021.714711
PMID:	34899769

Vitamin C in East-Greenland traditional nutrition: a reanalysis of the Høygaard nutritional data (1936-1937)

Mullie P, Deliens T, Clarys P

Int J Circumpolar Health

07-Jul-2021

PMCID:	PMC8266228
doi:	10.1080/22423982.2021.1951471
PMID:	34232845

Genetic resources of vegetable crops: from breeding non-traditional crops to functional food

Fotev YV, Artemyeva AM, Zvereva OA

Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii

01-Jul-2021

PMCID:	PMC8765771
doi:	10.18699/VJ21.049
PMID:	35088016

Reports on Greenlandic and Faroese medicine from an eighteenth-century medical book

Porro A, Falconi B, Lorusso L, Franchini AF

Int J Circumpolar Health

18-May-2021

PMCID:	PMC8143637
doi:	10.1080/22423982.2021.1914968
PMID:	34002681

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives
2,4-Pentadien-1-one, 5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(1-piperidinyl)-, (2E,4E)-	4840	Click to see	285.34	unknown	via CMAUP database
Chavicine	1548912	Click to see C1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C=CC=CC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3	285.34	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isochavicine	1548914	Click to see	285.34	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isopiperine	1548913	Click to see C1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C=CC=CC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3	285.34	unknown	via CMAUP database
Piperine	638024	Click to see C1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C=CC=CC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3	285.34	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Methoxybenzenes / Dimethoxybenzenes
(e)-4-(3,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)but-3-en-1-yl palmitate	21668972	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCC=CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)OC)OC	446.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans
5-[(3R,3aS,6S,6aR)-3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-6-yl]-1,3-benzodioxole	7059611	Click to see	354.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sesamin	72307	Click to see C1C2C(COC2C3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4)C(O1)C5=CC6=C(C=C5)OCO6	354.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans / Tetrahydrofuran lignans / 9,9-epoxylignans / Dibenzylbutyrolactols
(2R,3R,4R)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-3-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-ol	102317093	Click to see	372.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	5280656	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	296.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	44521560	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O	458.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty amides / N-acyl amines
(2E,4E,8Z)-N-(2-methylpropyl)tetradeca-2,4,8-trienamide	73355665	Click to see	277.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
2,4-Hexadecadienamide, N-(2-methylpropyl)-, (E,E)-	6442402	Click to see	307.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
2,4,12-Octadecatrienoic acid isobutylamide	25221579	Click to see CCCCCC=CCCCCCCC=CC=CC(=O)NCC(C)C	333.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
2,4,14-Eicosatrienoic acid isobutylamide	10338645	Click to see	361.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Dodecatetraenoic acid isobutylamide, (2E,4E)-	6443006	Click to see	251.41	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pellitorine	5318516	Click to see	223.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pipericine	9974234	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCC=CC=CC(=O)NCC(C)C	335.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Tetradeca-2E,4E-Dienoic Acid Isobutylamide	10731388	Click to see	279.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Saccharolipids
Piperchabaoside B	44521607	Click to see	602.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(3S,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	11870456	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acid derivatives / Carboxylic acid amides / Secondary carboxylic acid amides
(1S,4R,5R,6S)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-6-[(E)-3-(2-methylpropylamino)-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]-4,5-dipentylcyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxamide	53243800	Click to see	446.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzodioxoles
(1R,2S,5R,6S)-2,6-bis(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-5-(piperidine-1-carbonyl)cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxamide	53242461	Click to see	532.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2E,4E)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-(3-methylbutyl)penta-2,4-dienamide	45482110	Click to see	287.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2E,4E)-5-(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-[(5E)-10-methylundec-5-en-1-yl]penta-2,4-dienamide	90472536	Click to see	383.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(1S,4R,5R,6S)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-[(E)-2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)ethenyl]-6-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-pyrrolidin-1-ylmethanone	102480093	Click to see C1CCN(C1)C(=O)C2C=CC(C(C2C(=O)N3CCCC3)C=CC4=CC5=C(C=C4)OCO5)C6=CC7=C(C=C6)OCO7	542.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
13-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-(2-methylpropyl)trideca-2,4,12-trienamide	179663	Click to see CC(C)CNC(=O)C=CC=CCCCCCCC=CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2	383.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
15-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-(2-methylpropyl)pentadeca-2,4,14-trienamide	85102874	Click to see CC(C)CNC(=O)C=CC=CCCCCCCCCC=CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2	411.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
4,5-Dihydropiperlonguminine	12682184	Click to see	275.34	unknown	via CMAUP database
5-[(1E)-dodec-1-en-1-yl]-2H-1,3-benzodioxole	9922008	Click to see	288.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
5alpha,6beta-Bis(piperidinocarbonyl)-4beta-[(E)-2-(1,3-benzodioxole-5-yl)ethenyl]-3beta-(1,3-benzodioxole-5-yl)cyclohexene	10438004	Click to see C1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C2C=CC(C(C2C(=O)N3CCCCC3)C=CC4=CC5=C(C=C4)OCO5)C6=CC7=C(C=C6)OCO7	570.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Brachystamide B	10047263	Click to see CC(C)CNC(=O)C=CC=CCCCCCCCCC=CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2	411.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Chabamide G	102480094	Click to see C1CCN(C1)C(=O)C2C=CC(C(C2C=CC3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4)C(=O)N5CCCC5)C6=CC7=C(C=C6)OCO7	542.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cinnamamide, N-isobutyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)-	96931	Click to see	247.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
Dehydropipernonaline	6439947	Click to see	339.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Guineesine	6442405	Click to see	383.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ilepcimide	641115	Click to see C1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C=CC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3	259.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Methyl Piperate	9921021	Click to see COC(=O)C=CC=CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2	232.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Piperanine	5320618	Click to see C1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C=CCCC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3	287.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
Piperchabamide B	44453655	Click to see	369.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Piperchabamide C	44454018	Click to see	395.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Piperchabamide D	16041827	Click to see	357.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Piperchabamide F	44521561	Click to see	343.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pipercide	5372162	Click to see	355.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Piperlonguminine	5320621	Click to see CC(C)CNC(=O)C=CC=CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2	273.33	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pipernonaline	9974595	Click to see C1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C=CCCCCC=CC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3	341.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Piperoleine B	21580213	Click to see	343.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Piperonal	8438	Click to see	150.13	unknown	via CMAUP database
Piperundecalidine	44453654	Click to see	367.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Piperyline	636537	Click to see C1CCN(C1)C(=O)C=CC=CC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3	271.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
Retrofractamide A	11012859	Click to see CC(C)CNC(=O)C=CC=CCCC=CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2	327.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Retrofractamide C	25255091	Click to see	329.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyridines and derivatives / Hydropyridines
1-(3-phenylpropanoyl)-5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1H)-one	44453778	Click to see C1CN(C(=O)C=C1)C(=O)CCC2=CC=CC=C2	229.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organosulfur compounds / Isothiocyanates
(2S)-2-isothiocyanatobutane	737359	Click to see	115.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.18992370508 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19032410906
2-Butyl isothiocyanate	78151	Click to see	115.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19032410906 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.18992370508
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives
Piperidine, 1-(1-oxo-3-phenyl-2-propenyl)-	223147	Click to see C1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2	215.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
Piperlongumine	637858	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)C=CC(=O)N2CCC=CC2=O	317.34	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
Methyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-cinnamate	16830	Click to see	208.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes
(1S,2S,5R,6R)-5,6-bis(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-2-(piperidine-1-carbonyl)cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxamide	53242460	Click to see CC(C)CNC(=O)C1C(C=CC(C1C2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3)C4=CC5=C(C=C4)OCO5)C(=O)N6CCCCC6	532.60	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Cochlearia officinalis

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