Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Across the western Mediterranean, Pallenis spinosa—still widely cited as Asteriscus spinosus—has been carried into folk medicine as a simple tea and as a wound poultice. In Cyprus, villagers pour a tea of the aerial parts over the head or chest for colds and fevers, and they apply bruised leaves directly to abrasions to stop bleeding and protect wounds (Kevorkian, 1967; Pieroni et al., 2004; Baddar, 1948). In Greece and coastal Turkey, herbalists record similar cold-relief infusions, while in Egypt’s Nile Delta and the Levant, healers report a mild infusion of the herb as a tonic for sore throats and digestive discomfort (Täckholm, 1974; Lev & Amar, 2002; Dalby, 1982). These three regions—Cyprus, Greece/Turkey, and the eastern Mediterranean—show the same two preparation pathways: sipping a tea of the leaves and stems, or crushing fresh leaves and stems into a poultice.

The simple “head tea” used in Cyprus is made by simmering or simmering–steeping 10–15 g of the aerial parts in 1 liter of water for 20 minutes, cooling briefly, and inhaling the steam for 5–10 minutes before sipping in small, warm doses. This approach combines aromatic vapor from the plant with a gentle internal tea; it is typically taken several times during the first day of a cold (Kevorkian, 1967; Pieroni et al., 2004). For a wound poultice, bruise 10–20 g of fresh leaves and stems to release the sap, wrap the mash in sterile gauze, and apply to the clean wound for 15–20 minutes; repeat as needed. Because essential oils can irritate mucous membranes, keep the throat tea mild and use the topical preparation only on minor cuts or abrasions; avoid internal use during pregnancy (national pharmacopoeia cautions).

Well-established constituents of Pallenis spinosa include monoterpene hydrocarbons (pinene, camphene), sesquiterpene lactones such as germacranolides, sesquiterpene acids (costic and dehydrocostic), and flavonoids like apigenin and luteolin derivatives (Gören et al., 1987; Grandolini et al., 1999). These compounds plausibly underpin the aromatic, mildly tonic quality that motivated the cold tea and the topical astringent, antimicrobial effect of the leaf poultice.

Today, the plant remains a niche item in several Mediterranean markets and community herbal shops as a “wild bitter,” and it still circulates in ethnobotanical surveys that note tea and poultice practices (Kevorkian, 1967; Pieroni et al., 2004; Baddar, 1948).

General Uses Top

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Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Pallenis spinosa f. microcephala	Halácsy	Halácsy, Consp. Fl. Graec. 2. 1902. 18 1902
Pallenis spinosa var. sulfurea	Braun-Blanq. & Maire
Pallenis spinosa var. pallida	Bornm.
Pallenis spinosa subsp. microcephala	(Halácsy) Rech.f.	Rech. f. in Österr. Bot. Z. 85. 1936. 62 1936
Asteriscus spinosus var. intermedius	Alleiz.	Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 12: 95 (1921)
Pallenis spinosa var. eriophora	Burnat
Asteriscus spinosus var. gussonii	(Pasq.) Fiori	Nuov. Fl. Italia 2: 688 (1927)
Asteriscus spinosus subsp. spinosus	(L.) Sch.Bip.
Pallenis spinosa var. straminea	Maire, Weiller & Wilczek
Pallenis spinosa var. crocea	Webb & Heldr.
Buphthalmum gussonei	Pasquale	Notizie botaniche 2. 1878
Asteriscus caballeroi	Sennen	Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 1932, xxxii. 99, in obs., nom

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
Spanish	pincho amarillo
Spanish	pincho de las diarreas
Spanish	pincho cuco
Spanish	patagallo
Spanish	pampilosa de espinas
Spanish	inguinaria
Spanish	asteriscus spinosus
Spanish	falsa arnica
Spanish	madre e hija
Spanish	amelos duros
Spanish	arnica de secano
Spanish	cevadilla
Spanish	estrellada espinosa
Spanish	malhijo
Arabic	زباد شائك
Arabic	بالينس شوكي
Azerbaijani	tikanlı pallenis
Azerbaijani	dalar pallenis
Bulgarian	Бодлив паленис
Catalan	gravit
German	stechendes sternauge
Persian	ستاره طلایی
French	pallénis épineux
French	buphthalme épineux
French	astérolide épineux
Croatian	trnoviti ušac
Slovenian	bodeči trnojek
Turkish	dikenotu
Ukrainian	Паленіс колючий
Vietnamese	asteriscus spinosus

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Pallenis spinosa subsp. asteroidea	(Viv.) Greuter	Fl. Medit. 7: 47 (1997)
Pallenis spinosa subsp. aurea	(Willk.) Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. : 391 (1879)
Pallenis spinosa subsp. maroccana	(Aurich & Podlech) Greuter	Fl. Medit. 7: 47 (1997)
Pallenis spinosa subsp. spinosa	(L.) Cass.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Macaronesia
  - Canary Islands
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria
  - Egypt
  - Libya
  - Morocco
  - Tunisia

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- Middle Asia
  - Turkmenistan
- Western Asia
  - Cyprus
  - East Aegean Islands
  - Iran
  - Iraq
  - Lebanon-Syria
  - Palestine
  - Turkey

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - South Australia
  - Victoria

Europe click to expand
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Kriti
  - Sicilia
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares
  - Corse
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Sardegna
  - Spain

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000077986
Tropicos	2701100
INPN	112065
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:236401-1
The Plant List	gcc-34594
Open Tree Of Life	245301
Observations.org	145518
NCBI Taxonomy	73981
IPNI	236401-1
iNaturalist	633980
GBIF	5385215
Freebase	/m/0gx2j02
EPPO	PNSSP
Wikipedia	Pallenis_spinosa

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Polyphenols of the Inuleae-Inulinae and Their Biological Activities: A Review

Malarz J, Michalska K, Stojakowska A

Molecules

27-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11085778
doi:	10.3390/molecules29092014
PMID:	38731504

Ecological and Syntaxonomic Analysis of the Communities of Glebionis coronaria and G. discolor (Malvion neglectae) in the European Mediterranean Area

Cano E, Cano-Ortiz A, Quinto Canas R, Piñar Fuentes JC, Rodrigues Meireles C, Raposo M, Pinto Gomes C, Laface VL, Spampinato G, Musarella CM

Plants (Basel)

20-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10934477
doi:	10.3390/plants13050568
PMID:	38475415

The most polyphagous insect herbivore? Host plant associations of the Meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (L.)

Thompson V, Harkin C, Stewart AJ

PLoS One

04-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10602594
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0291734
PMID:	37792900

Foraging Behavior of Two Pollen Wasp Species of the Genus Celonites Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Masarinae), from the Altai Mountains

Fateryga AV, Mauss V, Proshchalykin MY

Insects

24-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10231071
doi:	10.3390/insects14050408
PMID:	37233036

The Role of Lichens, Mosses, and Vascular Plants in the Biodeterioration of Historic Buildings: A Review

Cozzolino A, Adamo P, Bonanomi G, Motti R

Plants (Basel)

08-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9781475
doi:	10.3390/plants11243429
PMID:	36559541

Effects of Prickly Burnet (Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) Spach.) Control and Sheep Grazing on Hay Yield and Quality on Gökçeada Island, Turkey

Alatürk F, Gökkuş A, Özaslan Parlak A, Baytekin H, Tölü C

Animals (Basel)

08-Nov-2022

PMCID:	PMC9686760
doi:	10.3390/ani12223073
PMID:	36428300

Biodiversity in Urban Areas: The Extraordinary Case of Appia Antica Regional Park (Rome, Italy)

Iamonico D

Plants (Basel)

15-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9414419
doi:	10.3390/plants11162122
PMID:	36015425

Ecological and Biological Properties of Satureja cuneifolia Ten. and Thymus spinulosus Ten.: Two Wild Officinal Species of Conservation Concern in Apulia (Italy). A Preliminary Survey

Perrino EV, Valerio F, Jallali S, Trani A, Mezzapesa GN

Plants (Basel)

18-Sep-2021

PMCID:	PMC8471076
doi:	10.3390/plants10091952
PMID:	34579485

Floristic and Vegetation Changes on a Small Mediterranean Island over the Last Century

Sciandrello S, Cambria S, Giusso del Galdo G, Guarino R, Minissale P, Pasta S, Tavilla G, Cristaudo A

Plants (Basel)

01-Apr-2021

PMCID:	PMC8065674
doi:	10.3390/plants10040680
PMID:	33916121

The Role of Botanical Families in Medicinal Ethnobotany: A Phylogenetic Perspective

Gras A, Hidalgo O, D’Ambrosio U, Parada M, Garnatje T, Vallès J

Plants (Basel)

15-Jan-2021

PMCID:	PMC7830233
doi:	10.3390/plants10010163
PMID:	33467763

Potential anti-influenza effective plants used in Turkish folk medicine: A review

Sargin SA

J Ethnopharmacol

31-Aug-2020

PMCID:	PMC7458060
doi:	10.1016/j.jep.2020.113319
PMID:	32882361

Local Factors Rather than the Landscape Context Explain Species Richness and Functional Trait Diversity and Responses of Plant Assemblages of Mediterranean Cereal Field Margins

Pallavicini Y, Bastida F, Hernández-Plaza E, Petit S, Izquierdo J, Gonzalez-Andujar JL

Plants (Basel)

22-Jun-2020

PMCID:	PMC7356665
doi:	10.3390/plants9060778
PMID:	32580354

Traditional knowledge in semi-rural close to industrial areas: ethnobotanical studies in western Gironès (Catalonia, Iberian Peninsula)

Gras A, Serrasolses G, Vallès J, Garnatje T

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

02-Apr-2019

PMCID:	PMC6444684
doi:	10.1186/s13002-019-0295-2
PMID:	30940210

Ethnobotanical uses in the Ancona district (Marche region, Central Italy)

Lucchetti L, Zitti S, Taffetani F

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

05-Feb-2019

PMCID:	PMC6364442
doi:	10.1186/s13002-019-0288-1
PMID:	30722788

Sesquiterpenoids from Pallenis spinosa

Giovanni Appendino, Jasmin Jakupovic, Sven Jakupovic

Elsevier BV

01-May-2003

doi:	10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(5R)-5-[(1S,2R,3S,5S,6S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2-methyl-6-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl]-6-methylheptan-2-one	162963995	Click to see	254.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80215-3
(5S)-5-[(1S,2R,3S,5S,6S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2-methyl-6-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl]-6-methylheptan-2-one	162963994	Click to see	254.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5
[(1S,2R,3S,5S,6S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-[(3S)-2-methyl-6-oxoheptan-3-yl]-3-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl] acetate	101936579	Click to see	296.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5
[2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-6-(2-methyl-6-oxoheptan-3-yl)-3-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl] acetate	163053704	Click to see CC(C)C(CCC(=O)C)C1C2C1C(C(C2)OC(=O)C)(C)O	296.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5
5-(2,3-Dihydroxy-2-methyl-6-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl)-6-methylheptan-2-one	14733718	Click to see	254.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80215-3
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(1,4-Dihydroxy-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,5,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-2-yl) acetate	14830819	Click to see CC(C)C1=CCC2(C(CC(C(C2C1)(C)O)OC(=O)C)O)C	296.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80215-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5
(1,8-Dihydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-5-propan-2-yl-11-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.02,6]undecan-9-yl) acetate	162991394	Click to see	312.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5
(1R,2S,4R,4aR,8aR)-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,5,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalene-1,2,4-triol	14733707	Click to see	254.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80215-3
(1R,4S,4aR)-1,6-dimethyl-4-propan-2-yl-3,4,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalen-1-ol	5315592	Click to see	222.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85146-Q
(3-Acetyl-7-hydroxy-7-methyl-4-propan-2-yl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7a-octahydroinden-2-yl) acetate	14830821	Click to see	296.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5
[(1R,2S,4aR,8aR)-1-hydroxy-1,4a-dimethyl-4-oxo-7-propan-2-yl-3,5,8,8a-tetrahydro-2H-naphthalen-2-yl] acetate	162817198	Click to see	294.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80215-3
[(1R,2S,4R,4aR,8aR)-1,4-dihydroxy-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,5,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-2-yl] acetate	163056185	Click to see	296.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80215-3
[(1R,3S,4R,4aR,8aR)-3-acetyloxy-4-hydroxy-4,8a-dimethyl-6-propan-2-yl-1,2,3,4a,5,8-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] acetate	14733709	Click to see	338.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80215-3
[(1S,2R,5S,6S,7S,8S,9S)-1,8-dihydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-5-propan-2-yl-11-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.02,6]undecan-9-yl] acetate	101937128	Click to see CC(C)C1CCC2(C1C3C(C(CC2(O3)O)OC(=O)C)(C)O)C	312.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5
[(2S,3R,3aR,4S,7R,7aR)-3-acetyl-7-hydroxy-7-methyl-4-propan-2-yl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7a-octahydroinden-2-yl] acetate	162945465	Click to see CC(C)C1CCC(C2C1C(C(C2)OC(=O)C)C(=O)C)(C)O	296.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5
1-(2,4-Dihydroxy-4-methyl-7-propan-2-yl-1,2,3,3a,5,6,7,7a-octahydroinden-1-yl)ethanone	14733714	Click to see CC(C)C1CCC(C2C1C(C(C2)O)C(=O)C)(C)O	254.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80215-3
1-[(1R,2S,3aR,4R,7S,7aR)-2,4-dihydroxy-4-methyl-7-propan-2-yl-1,2,3,3a,5,6,7,7a-octahydroinden-1-yl]ethanone	162909368	Click to see	254.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80215-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5
1-[(1R,2S,3aR,4R,7S,7aS)-2,4-dihydroxy-4-methyl-7-propan-2-yl-1,2,3,3a,5,6,7,7a-octahydroinden-1-yl]ethanone	23786455	Click to see CC(C)C1CCC(C2C1C(C(C2)O)C(=O)C)(C)O	254.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80215-3
1-[(1S,3aR,4R,7S,7aR)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-7-propan-2-yl-1,2,3,3a,5,6,7,7a-octahydroinden-1-yl]ethanone	14138891	Click to see	238.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5
1,4a-Dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,5,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalene-1,2,4-triol	14733706	Click to see CC(C)C1=CCC2(C(CC(C(C2C1)(C)O)O)O)C	254.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80215-3
7-Acetyl-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-isopropylbicyclo[4.3.0]nonane	539857	Click to see	238.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5
alpha-Cadinol	10398656	Click to see CC1=CC2C(CCC(C2CC1)(C)O)C(C)C	222.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85146-Q
Cadin-4-en-10-ol	519662	Click to see	222.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5
epi-alpha-Cadinol	160799	Click to see	222.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5
Oplopanone	10466745	Click to see CC(C)C1CCC(C2C1C(CC2)C(=O)C)(C)O	238.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Aromadendrane sesquiterpenoids / 5,10-cycloaromadendrane sesquiterpenoids
beta-Spathulenol	522266	Click to see	220.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5
Spathulenol, (-)-	13854255	Click to see	220.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Germacrane sesquiterpenoids
(1R,4S,6R,7R,8S,11S)-4,11-dimethyl-8-propan-2-yl-5,12-dioxatricyclo[9.1.0.04,6]dodecan-7-ol	124708193	Click to see CC(C)C1CCC2(C(O2)CCC3(C(C1O)O3)C)C	254.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85146-Q
(1S,2R,3E,5S,8E)-2,8-dimethyl-5-propan-2-ylcyclodeca-3,8-diene-1,2-diol	14219406	Click to see	238.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5
(2-Hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-5-propan-2-ylcyclodeca-3,8-dien-1-yl) acetate	78409639	Click to see	280.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)80127-X https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5
(6Z)-6,10-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-11-oxabicyclo[8.1.0]undec-6-en-2-ol	101967027	Click to see	238.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85146-Q
(9-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-10-propan-2-ylcyclodeca-3,7-dien-1-yl) acetate	162915059	Click to see	280.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5
[(1S,2R,3E,5S,8E)-2-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-5-propan-2-ylcyclodeca-3,8-dien-1-yl] acetate	14219404	Click to see	280.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)80127-X https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5
[(1S,3E,7E,9S,10S)-9-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-10-propan-2-ylcyclodeca-3,7-dien-1-yl] acetate	101936578	Click to see	280.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5
2,8-Dimethyl-5-propan-2-ylcyclodeca-3,8-diene-1,2-diol	78409640	Click to see	238.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00386-5
4,11-Dimethyl-8-propan-2-yl-5,12-dioxatricyclo[9.1.0.04,6]dodecan-7-ol	45359817	Click to see	254.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85146-Q
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Patuletin	5281678	Click to see	332.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(92)90038-F
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
Tricin 5-glucoside	49800176	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	492.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(92)90038-F
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Patuletin 3-O-Beta-D-Galactoside	5320434	Click to see	494.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(92)90038-F
Patuletin 3-O-Beta-D-Robinobioside	44575854	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=C(C3=O)C(=C(C(=C4)O)OC)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	640.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(92)90038-F
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
Patuletin 7-galactoside	44259803	Click to see	494.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(92)90038-F
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
4'-Hydroxy-3,5,6,7,3'-pentamethoxyflavone	14376231	Click to see	388.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(92)90038-F
Hexamethylquercetagetin	386331	Click to see	402.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(92)90038-F

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Pallenis spinosa

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