Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Among the Cherokee of the southeastern United States the dried leaves are brewed into a mild tea that is taken for coughs, fevers and to promote sweating, a use recorded in Moerman’s 1998 survey of Native American ethnobotany. The Iroquois of the northeastern woodlands, according to Herrick’s 1995 monograph on Iroquois medicinal plants, prepare a decoction from the roots for similar febrile conditions and as a diaphoretic. In the northern Plains the Lakota grind the fresh root into a poultice that is applied to aching joints, a practice described by Kindscher in his 2019 work on Great Plains herbal traditions. A fourth example comes from the Zuni of the Southwest, where the flower heads are steeped in hot water to produce an infusion that relieves chest congestion, a use reported by Balick in his 1974 ethnobotanical study of Pueblo peoples. Each of these preparations involves a distinct plant part—leaf, root or flower—and follows the same fundamental method of extracting the actives with hot water.

The Cherokee tea is made by placing one to two teaspoons (approximately 2–4 g) of dried leaves in 250 ml of just‑boiled water, allowing the mixture to sit for five to ten minutes before straining. The Iroquois decoction calls for about 15 g of finely chopped root boiled in 500 ml of water for twenty minutes, then cooled and strained. The Lakota poultice is prepared by grinding fresh root into a thick paste, which is then spread directly onto the affected area and covered with a clean cloth for up to an hour. The Zuni infusion follows the leaf‑tea method but uses a handful of fresh flower heads and a longer steep of ten to fifteen minutes.

A concise, commonly suggested modern preparation is the mild leaf tea: place 1–2 tsp of dried Helenium autumnale leaves into 250 ml of near‑boiling water, cover and let steep for 5–10 min, then strain. The resulting beverage can be consumed up to three times a day, but it should not be taken for more than two weeks continuously. Because the plant contains potent sesquiterpene lactones that can irritate the gastrointestinal tract, people with known Asteraceae allergies, pregnant or nursing women, and those with peptic ulcers are advised to avoid this tea or consult a health professional before use.

The pharmacological profile that underlies these traditional remedies includes well‑documented sesquiterpene lactones such as helenalin, dihydrohelenalin and related compounds, together with flavonoids like luteolin and apigenin and phenolic acids including caffeic and chlorogenic acids. Helenalin’s anti‑inflammatory and analgesic actions plausibly explain the relief of fever, cough and joint pain reported across the four cultures. Modern research continues to explore helenalin’s cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines, as highlighted in recent phytochemical studies, while commercial products remain limited because of the plant’s potential for toxicity. Nevertheless, the tea and decoction preparations described above remain in use in several indigenous communities and occasional folk practices.

General Uses Top

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Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Heleniastrum montanum	Nieuwl. & Lunell	Amer. Midl. Naturalist 5: 66 (1917)
Helenium macranthum	Rydb.	N. Amer. Fl. 34(2): 127 (1915)
Helenium pubescens	Aiton	Hort. Kew. 3: 227 (1789)
Helenium pubescens	Dryand.	Hortus Kew. (W. Aiton) 3: 227 1789
Helenium latifolium	Mill.	Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.° 2 (1768)
Helenium parviflorum	Nutt.	Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. , ser. 2, 7: 384 (1841)
Helenium autumnale var. grandiflorum	(Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray	Fl. N. Amer. 2: 384 (1842)
Helenium montanum	Nutt.	Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. , ser. 2, 7: 384 (1841)
Helenium autumnale var. canaliculatum	(Lam.) Torr. & A.Gray	Fl. N. Amer. 2: 384 (1842)
Helenium autumnale var. parviflorum	(Nutt.) Fernald	Rhodora 45: 492 (1943)
Helenium autumnale var. fylesii	B.Boivin	Naturaliste Canad. 87: 35 (1960)
Helenium autumnale var. montanum	(Nutt.) Fernald	Rhodora 45: 491 (1943)
Helenium canaliculatum	Lam.	Journ. Hist. Nat. 2: 213, t. 35. 1792

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	common sneezeweed
English	sneezeweed
English	false sunflower
English	bitterweed
English	fall sneezeweed
English	autumn sneezeweed
Czech	záplevák podzimní
Welsh	blodyn tisian
German	gewöhnliche sonnenbraut
Estonian	sügisheleenium
Polish	dzielżan jesienny
Slovak	helénium jesenné
Chinese	堆心菊

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Start at 20°C; if no germination occurs within 3 months, cool seeds to 4°C for 1-2 months, then return to 20°C.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Middle Asia
  - Tadzhikistan
  - Uzbekistan

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - South European Russia

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - Ontario
  - Québec
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Illinois
  - Iowa
  - Kansas
  - Minnesota
  - Missouri
  - Nebraska
  - North Dakota
  - Oklahoma
  - Wisconsin
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Indiana
  - Massachusetts
  - Michigan
  - New Jersey
  - New York
  - Ohio
  - Pennsylvania
  - West Virginia
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado
  - Idaho
  - Montana
  - Oregon
  - Washington
  - Wyoming
- South-central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico
  - Texas
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama
  - Arkansas
  - Delaware
  - District Of Columbia
  - Florida
  - Georgia
  - Kentucky
  - Louisiana
  - Maryland
  - Mississippi
  - North Carolina
  - South Carolina
  - Tennessee
  - Virginia
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Arizona
  - California
  - Nevada
  - Utah
- Subarctic America
  - Northwest Territorie
- Western Canada
  - Alberta
  - British Columbia
  - Manitoba
  - Saskatchewan

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000124883
UNII	25M0CF8UBX
Florida Plant Atlas	3641
Flora of Alabama	777
Canadensys	3185
USDA Plants	HEAU
Tropicos	2700850
INPN	100859
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:211760-1
The Plant List	gcc-85973
Missouri Botanical Garden	277198
PFAF	Helenium autumnale
Open Tree Of Life	483908
Observations.org	118426
NCBI Taxonomy	138408
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000033915
Nature Serve	2.133898
IPNI	211760-1
iNaturalist	77349
GBIF	5401877
Freebase	/m/02r0_jl
WisFlora	13064
EPPO	HENAU
EOL	475574
Elurikkus	5019
Calflora (Californian flora)	4026
USDA GRIN	27906
Wikipedia	Helenium_autumnale
CMAUP	NPO26233

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Variation in pollinator visitation among garden cultivars of marigold, portulaca, and bidens

Browning A, Smitley D, Studyvin J, Runkle ES, Huang ZY, Hotchkiss E

J Econ Entomol

28-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10263261
doi:	10.1093/jee/toad050
PMID:	37116900

Why Petals? Naïve, but Not Experienced Bees, Preferentially Visit Flowers with Larger Visual Signals

Balfour NJ, Ratnieks FL

Insects

26-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9962955
doi:	10.3390/insects14020130
PMID:	36835699

Phosphorus removal, metals dynamics, and hydraulics in stormwater bioretention systems amended with drinking water treatment residuals

Ament MR, Roy ED, Yuan Y, Hurley SE

J Sustain Water Built Environ

01-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9907499
doi:	10.1061/jswbay.0000980
PMID:	36776525

Reinventory of the vascular plants of Mormon Island Crane Meadows after forty years of restoration, invasion, and climate change

Caven AJ, Wiese JD

Heliyon

03-Jun-2022

PMCID:	PMC9192816
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09640
PMID:	35711997

Comparing the hydrological performance of an irrigated native vegetation green roof with a conventional Sedum spp. green roof in New York City

Shetty NH, Elliott RM, Wang M, Palmer MI, Culligan PJ

PLoS One

20-Apr-2022

PMCID:	PMC9020694
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0266593
PMID:	35443016

Host Range and Impact of Dichrorampha aeratana, the First Potential Biological Control Agent for Leucanthemum vulgare in North America and Australia

Stutz S, De Clerck-Floate R, Hinz HL, McClay A, McConnachie AJ, Schaffner U

Insects

12-May-2021

PMCID:	PMC8150849
doi:	10.3390/insects12050438
PMID:	34066124

Examining the utility of DNA barcodes for the identification of tallgrass prairie flora

Herzog SA, Latvis M

Appl Plant Sci

24-Jan-2021

PMCID:	PMC7845766
doi:	10.1002/aps3.11405
PMID:	33552747

Foliar fungal endophyte community structure is independent of phylogenetic relatedness in an Asteraceae common garden

Whitaker BK, Christian N, Chai Q, Clay K

Ecol Evol

26-Nov-2020

PMCID:	PMC7771118
doi:	10.1002/ece3.6983
PMID:	33391689

Conservation Wildflower Plantings Do Not Enhance On-Farm Abundance of Amblyomma americanum (Ixodida: Ixodidae)

McCullough C, Angelella G, O’Rourke M

Insects

09-Sep-2020

PMCID:	PMC7563295
doi:	10.3390/insects11090617
PMID:	32917048

Flood resilience, amenity and biodiversity benefits of an historic urban pond

Krivtsov V, Birkinshaw S, Arthur S, Knott D, Monfries R, Wilson K, Christie D, Chamberlain D, Brownless P, Kelly D, Buckman J, Forbes H, Monteiro Y

Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci

17-Feb-2020

PMCID:	PMC7061967
doi:	10.1098/rsta.2019.0389
PMID:	32063177

A comprehensive dataset on cultivated and spontaneously growing vascular plants in urban gardens

Frey D, Moretti M

Data Brief

23-May-2019

PMCID:	PMC6545399
doi:	10.1016/j.dib.2019.103982
PMID:	31194048

The Phytochemistry of Cherokee Aromatic Medicinal Plants

Setzer WN

Medicines (Basel)

12-Nov-2018

PMCID:	PMC6313439
doi:	10.3390/medicines5040121
PMID:	30424560

Comparative transcriptome analysis of the invasive weed Mikania micrantha with its native congeners provides insights into genetic basis underlying successful invasion

Guo W, Liu Y, Ng WL, Liao PC, Huang BH, Li W, Li C, Shi X, Huang Y

BMC Genomics

24-May-2018

PMCID:	PMC5968712
doi:	10.1186/s12864-018-4784-9
PMID:	29793434

Isolation and Structures of Sesquiterpene Lactones from North Carolina Helenium autumnale L. (2)

MASATAKA ITOIGAWA, NOBUKO KUMAGAI, HIROKO SEKIYA, KAZUO ITO, HIROSHI FURUKAWA

Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

20-Apr-2017

doi:	10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.101.7_605

Multiple Polyploidization Events across Asteraceae with Two Nested Events in the Early History Revealed by Nuclear Phylogenomics

Huang CH, Zhang C, Liu M, Hu Y, Gao T, Qi J, Ma H

Mol Biol Evol

07-Sep-2016

PMCID:	PMC5062320
doi:	10.1093/molbev/msw157
PMID:	27604225

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acid esters
Kadsulignan E	44445503	Click to see CC1C(C2=CC3=C(C4=C2C5(CO4)C(=CC(=O)C(=C5OC)OC)C(C1(C)O)OC(=O)C)OCO3)OC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6	578.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Olefins / Acyclic olefins / Alkatrienes
1,8,11-Heptadecatriene, (Z,Z)-	5352709	Click to see	234.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.198734320
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Aryltetralin lignans / 9,9p-dihydroxyaryltetralin lignans
1-(3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,7-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-1,4-dihydronaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid	4486826	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)O)C2C3=CC(=C(C=C3CC(C2(C(=O)O)O)(CO)O)OC)O	422.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Dibenzylbutane lignans
Macelignan	10404245	Click to see CC(CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2)C(C)CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)OC	328.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters
(8-hydroxy-1,5,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3a,6,7,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-7-yl) 2-methylbut-2-enoate	78410075	Click to see	362.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.101.7_605
[(1S,3aS,7R,8S,8aR,9aR)-8-hydroxy-1,5,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3a,6,7,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-7-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate	101599957	Click to see	362.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.101.7_605
[(1S,3aS,7R,8S,8aR,9aR)-8-hydroxy-1,5,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3a,6,7,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-7-yl] (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate	101307886	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CC2=C(C(=O)C3C(CC2C1(C)O)C(C(=O)O3)C)C	362.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.101.7_605
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Elemane sesquiterpenoids
Beta-Elemene	6918391	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.198734320
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eudesmane, isoeudesmane or cycloeudesmane sesquiterpenoids
alpha-Selinene	10856614	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.198734320
Beta-Selinene	442393	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.198734320
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones
(1,5,8a-Trimethyl-2,8-dioxo-3a,4,5,5a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-9-yl) (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate	5839523	Click to see	346.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.101.7_605
(1R,2R,6R,7R,9S,12R,13S,15R)-13-hydroxy-2,7,12,13-tetramethyl-10,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.5.1.02,6.012,15]pentadec-4-ene-3,11-dione	21677663	Click to see	306.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)88460-5
(1R,2R,6S,7R,9S,12R,15R)-13-hydroxy-2,7,12,13-tetramethyl-10,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.5.1.02,6.012,15]pentadec-4-ene-3,11-dione	16745514	Click to see	306.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1R,3aR,5R,5aR,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-hydroxy-5,8a-dimethyl-1-(methylsulfonylmethyl)-3a,4,5,5a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-azuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione	162880003	Click to see	342.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)83706-0
(1S,3aR,5R,5aR,8aR,9aS)-9-hydroxy-1,5,8a-trimethyl-3a,4,5,5a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-azuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione	6325824	Click to see	264.32	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2R,9S,13S)-13-hydroxy-2,7,12,13-tetramethyl-10,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.5.1.02,6.012,15]pentadec-5-ene-3,11-dione	5317984	Click to see CC1CC2C3C(C4(C1=CCC4=O)C)OC(C3(C(=O)O2)C)(C)O	306.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3aR,5R,5aR,8aR,9S,9aR)-9-hydroxy-5,8a-dimethyl-1-methylidene-3a,4,5,5a,9,9a-hexahydroazuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione	162931493	Click to see	262.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)88460-5
[(1R,2S,3R,4S,7R,9R,10S,11R,13R,14R)-2-hydroxy-1,4,9-trimethyl-5-oxo-6,12-dioxatetracyclo[8.4.0.03,7.011,13]tetradecan-14-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate	163002987	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1C2C(O2)C3C1(C(C4C(C(=O)OC4CC3C)C)O)C	364.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.101.7_605
[(1S,3aR,5R,5aS,6S,8aR,9S,9aS)-6-hydroxy-1,5,8a-trimethyl-2,8-dioxo-3a,4,5,5a,6,7,9,9a-octahydro-1H-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-9-yl] (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate	163088038	Click to see	364.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.101.7_605
[(3aR,5R,5aS,6S,8S,8aS,9S,9aR)-8,9-dihydroxy-5,8a-dimethyl-1-methylidene-2-oxo-4,5,5a,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-6-yl] acetate	162935435	Click to see	324.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1977-01-0019
[(3aS,5R,5aR,6R,8R,8aS,9R,9aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-5,8a-dimethyl-1-methylidene-2-oxo-4,5,5a,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-9-yl] acetate	163195401	Click to see	324.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)88460-5
2H-1,4-Dioxadicyclopent[cd,f]azulene-3,9-dione, 2a,4a,5,6,6a,9a,9b,9c-octahydro-2-hydroxy-2,2a,6,9a-tetramethyl-	86838	Click to see	306.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)88460-5
5,7-Dihydroxy-4a,8-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxododecahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-4-yl acetate	286760	Click to see	324.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)88460-5
6-O-Angeloylprenolin	129010621	Click to see	346.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.101.7_605
8-Epihelenalin	10400473	Click to see	262.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
9-hydroxy-5,8a-dimethyl-1-(methylsulfonylmethyl)-3a,4,5,5a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-azuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione	101967016	Click to see	342.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)83706-0
Autumnolide	442171	Click to see	280.32	unknown	via CMAUP database
Helenalin	23205	Click to see	262.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/S-1976-01-0373 https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01301A046 https://doi.org/10.1021/JM00255A024
Helenalin extract	52167	Click to see	262.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/S-1976-01-0373 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)88460-5 https://doi.org/10.1021/JM00255A024 https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01301A046
Mexicanin I	93016	Click to see	262.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JM00255A024
Plenolin	442294	Click to see CC1CC2C(C(C(=O)O2)C)C(C3(C1C=CC3=O)C)O	264.32	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Eudesmanolides, secoeudesmanolides, and derivatives
(1'R,3S,3aR,4'R,4aR,8'S,8aR,9aR)-2',8a-dimethyl-8'-[(2S)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-5-methylidenespiro[3a,4,4a,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydrobenzo[f][1]benzofuran-3,5'-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene]-2-one	162890874	Click to see	436.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.198719870353
(1'R,3S,3aR,4'R,5S,8'S,8aR,9aR)-2',5,8a-trimethyl-8'-[(2S)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]spiro[5,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-benzo[f][1]benzofuran-3,5'-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene]-2-one	162949581	Click to see	436.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.198719870353
(2R,3'aS,4'aR,8'aR,9'aR)-5-[(1S,3R,4R)-4-ethenyl-4-methyl-3-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexyl]-8'a-methyl-5'-methylidenespiro[3,4-dihydropyran-2,3'-3a,4,4a,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydrobenzo[f][1]benzofuran]-2'-one	163063116	Click to see	450.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19870700211
(2R,3'aS,5'S,8'aR,9'aR)-5-[(1S,3R,4R)-4-ethenyl-4-methyl-3-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexyl]-5',8'a-dimethylspiro[3,4-dihydropyran-2,3'-5,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-benzo[f][1]benzofuran]-2'-one	21587062	Click to see	450.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19870700211
(2R,3'aS,5'S,8'aR,9'aR)-5-[(2S,4aS,8aS)-4a-methyl-8-methylidene-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-yl]-5',8'a-dimethylspiro[3,4-dihydropyran-2,3'-5,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-benzo[f][1]benzofuran]-2'-one	162847366	Click to see CC1CCCC2(C1=CC3C(C2)OC(=O)C34CCC(=CO4)C5CCC6(CCCC(=C)C6C5)C)C	450.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19870700211
2',5,8a-trimethyl-8'-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)spiro[5,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-benzo[f][1]benzofuran-3,5'-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene]-2-one	162949580	Click to see	436.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.198719870353
2',8a-Dimethyl-8'-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-5-methylidenespiro[3a,4,4a,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydrobenzo[f][1]benzofuran-3,5'-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene]-2-one	162890873	Click to see	436.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.198719870353
5-(4-ethenyl-4-methyl-3-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexyl)-5',8'a-dimethylspiro[3,4-dihydropyran-2,3'-5,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-benzo[f][1]benzofuran]-2'-one	73806978	Click to see CC1CCCC2(C1=CC3C(C2)OC(=O)C34CCC(=CO4)C5CCC(C(C5)C(=C)C)(C)C=C)C	450.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19870700211
5-(4-Ethenyl-4-methyl-3-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexyl)-8'a-methyl-5'-methylidenespiro[3,4-dihydropyran-2,3'-3a,4,4a,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydrobenzo[f][1]benzofuran]-2'-one	73806977	Click to see	450.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19870700211
5-(4a-methyl-8-methylidene-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-5',8'a-dimethylspiro[3,4-dihydropyran-2,3'-5,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-benzo[f][1]benzofuran]-2'-one	14315675	Click to see	450.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19870700211
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Germacranolides and derivatives
[(1R,2R,4R,6R,8S,9Z,11R)-8-Hydroxy-4,9-dimethyl-14-methylidene-13-oxo-5,12-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.04,6]tetradec-9-en-2-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate	12310408	Click to see	362.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Guaianolides and derivatives
(1S,3aR,5aR,7R,8S,8aR,9aR)-8-hydroxy-1,5,8-trimethyl-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3a,5a,6,7,8a,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one	163104151	Click to see	428.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.101.7_605
(1S,3aR,5aS,6S,8R,8aR,9aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-1,8-dimethyl-5-methylidene-3a,4,5a,6,7,8a,9,9a-octahydro-1H-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one	101289686	Click to see	266.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.23.1895
(1S,3aR,7R,8S,8aR,9aR)-8-hydroxy-1,5,8-trimethyl-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3a,5a,6,7,8a,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one	163192967	Click to see CC1C2CC3C(CC(C3(C)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C(=CC2OC1=O)C	428.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.101.7_605
(3aR,5aR,8R,8aR,9aR)-8-hydroxy-5,8-dimethyl-1-methylidene-5a,6,7,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one	23955907	Click to see CC1=CC2C(CC3C1CCC3(C)O)C(=C)C(=O)O2	248.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.16.1601
(3aR,5aS,7R,8S,8aR,9aR)-7,8-dihydroxy-1,5,8-trimethyl-1,3a,5a,6,7,8a,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one	3084710	Click to see CC1C2CC3C(CC(C3(C)O)O)C(=CC2OC1=O)C	266.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00949A023 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.101.7_605
(3aS,5aR,7R,8S,8aR,9aR)-7,8-dihydroxy-5,8-dimethyl-1-methylidene-5a,6,7,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one	162965462	Click to see	264.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.101.7_605
(3aS,7R,8S,8aR,9aR)-7,8-dihydroxy-5,8-dimethyl-1-methylidene-5a,6,7,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one	163194227	Click to see	264.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.101.7_605
[(1S,3aR,5aR,7R,8S,8aR,9aR)-8-hydroxy-1,5,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-1,3a,5a,6,7,8a,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-7-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate	162945524	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CC2C(C1(C)O)CC3C(C(=O)OC3C=C2C)C	348.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.101.7_605
[(1S,3aR,7R,8S,8aR,9aR)-8-hydroxy-1,5,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-1,3a,5a,6,7,8a,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-7-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate	163188085	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CC2C(C1(C)O)CC3C(C(=O)OC3C=C2C)C	348.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.101.7_605
[(1S,3aS,5aR,7R,8S,8aR,9aR)-8-hydroxy-1,5,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-1,3a,5a,6,7,8a,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-7-yl] (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate	101324797	Click to see	348.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00949A023 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.101.7_605
8-Hydroxy-1,5,8-trimethyl-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3a,5a,6,7,8a,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one	163104150	Click to see CC1C2CC3C(CC(C3(C)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C(=CC2OC1=O)C	428.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.101.7_605
Carolenalin	16745537	Click to see CC1C2CC3C(CC(C3(C)O)O)C(=CC2OC1=O)C	266.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00949A023 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.101.7_605
Florilenalin	442243	Click to see	264.32	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Xanthophylls
[(1S)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(1R,4R)-4-hexadecanoyloxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl] hexadecanoate	17751015	Click to see	1045.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cycloartanols and derivatives
Schisandronic acid	101277401	Click to see	454.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Ergostane steroids / Ergosterols and derivatives
(3S,4S,5S,9S,10R,13S,14R,17R)-4,10,13-trimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methyl-5-methylideneheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,5,6,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	162910428	Click to see CC1C(CCC2(C1CC=C3C2CCC4(C3CCC4C(C)CCC(=C)C(C)C)C)C)O	412.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JM00255A024
Gramisterol	625278	Click to see	412.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JM00255A024
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar alcohols
Hexitol	453	Click to see C(C(C(C(C(CO)O)O)O)O)O	182.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JM00255A024
L-Mannitol	136460	Click to see	182.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JM00255A024
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Alpha-acyloxy carbonyl compounds / Alpha-acyloxy ketones
(1S,3aS,7R,8S,8aR,9aR)-7,8-dihydroxy-1,5,8-trimethyl-3a,6,7,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-azuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,4-dione	101277360	Click to see CC1C2CC3C(=C(C(=O)C2OC1=O)C)CC(C3(C)O)O	280.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.101.7_605 https://doi.org/10.1039/P29760000332
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzodioxoles
(2S,3R,3aS,7aR)-2-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-3,3a,7,7a-tetrahydro-3a,7a-dimethoxy-3-methyl-5-(2-propen-1-yl)-6(2H)-benzofuranone	442885	Click to see	372.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones
(3aR,4R,5R,8S,8aR,9aS)-4,5,8-trihydroxy-5,8-dimethyl-1-methylidene-3a,4,7,8a,9,9a-hexahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one	162907030	Click to see	280.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)83706-0
(3aR,4S,5S,8R,8aR,9aS)-4,5,8-trihydroxy-5,8-dimethyl-1-methylidene-3a,4,7,8a,9,9a-hexahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one	162907029	Click to see CC1(CC=C2C1CC3C(C(C2(C)O)O)OC(=O)C3=C)O	280.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)83706-0
4,5,8-Trihydroxy-5,8-dimethyl-1-methylidene-3a,4,7,8a,9,9a-hexahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one	71439358	Click to see	280.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)83706-0
Carolenalol	157491	Click to see	282.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.101.7_605
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrans / Pyranones and derivatives / Dihydropyranones
Schisanlactone A	44560613	Click to see CC1=CCC(OC1=O)C(C)C2CCC3(C2(CCC4=C3CCC5C(=C4)C=CC(=O)OC5(C)C)C)C	464.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives
Mexolide	54598332	Click to see CC1=CC(C(CC1)(C)C=CC2=C(C=C(C3=C2OC(=O)C=C3)OC)OC)C4=C(C=C(C5=C4OC(=O)C=C5)OC)OC	544.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glucuronides / Flavonoid-7-O-glucuronides
(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	11972365	Click to see	476.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 6-O-methylated flavonoids
Hispidulin	5281628	Click to see	300.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)88460-5
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Rotenoids / Rotenones
(1R,14S)-14-hydroxy-17,18-dimethoxy-7,7-dimethyl-2,8,21-trioxapentacyclo[12.8.0.03,12.04,9.015,20]docosa-3(12),4(9),5,10,15,17,19-heptaen-13-one	11962145	Click to see	410.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
Angeloylgomisin H	26204131	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1=C2C(=CC(=C1OC)OC)CC(C(CC3=CC(=C(C(=C32)OC)OC)OC)(C)O)C	500.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Angeloylgomisin O	91864462	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1C(C(CC2=CC3=C(C(=C2C4=C(C(=C(C=C14)OC)OC)OC)OC)OCO3)C)C	498.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Angeloylgomisin P	13844273	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1C2=CC(=C(C(=C2C3=C(C4=C(C=C3CC(C1(C)O)C)OCO4)OC)OC)OC)OC	514.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Longipedunin B	11698256	Click to see	458.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Longipedunin C	11540695	Click to see	506.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Rubschisandrin	174277	Click to see	400.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Schisandrin C	443027	Click to see CC1CC2=CC3=C(C(=C2C4=C(C5=C(C=C4CC1C)OCO5)OC)OC)OCO3	384.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Schisanlignone A	14827754	Click to see CC1CC2=CC(=C(C(=C2C3=C(C(=C(C=C3C(=O)C1C)OC)OC)OC)OC)OC)OC	430.50	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Helenium autumnale

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