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Internal ID UUID643fd317d0c4f318113515
Scientific name Chamaeleon gummifer
Authority Cass.
First published in Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2. 47: 509 (1827)

Description Top

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Chamaeleon gummifer, also known as distaff thistle, is a perennial herb found in the Mediterranean basin. It has a long rhizome and spiky leaves, with a pinkish inflorescence in the center. This plant is toxic due to the presence of two glycosides, and accidental ingestion can be fatal, especially for children. It is found in various habitats and is rated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. There is currently no specific treatment for poisoning by Chamaeleon gummifer.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Carthamus gummiferus Lam. Encycl. 1: 639 (1785)
Carlina macrocephala Less. Syn. Gen. Compos. : 12 (1832)
Atractylis macrocephala Less.
Atractylis macrocephala Desf. Fl. Atlant. 2: 253. 1799
Atractylis nemotoiana Arènes in Bull. Inst. Franc. Afr. Noire, 15: 65. 1953
Carlina fontanesii DC. Prodr. 6: 548 (1838)
Atractylis gummifera var. macrocephala (Desf.) Pott.-Alap.
Atractylis acaulis Pers. Syn. Pl. 2(2): 382, in syn. (1807)
Acarna macrocephala Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4 , 3: 1700 (1803)
Atractylis gummifera L. Sp. Pl. : 829 (1753)
Cirsellium gummiferum Brot. Fl. Lusit. 1: 346 (1804)
Chamaeleon megacephalus Cass. 1827
Acarna gummifera Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4 , 3: 1699 (1803)
Carlina gummifera Less. Syn. Gen. Compos. : 12 (1832)

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Europe
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Kriti
      • Sicilia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Corse
      • Portugal
      • Sardegna
      • Spain

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000129147
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:192416-1
IPNI 192416-1
iNaturalist 956048
GBIF 5391617
USDA GRIN 447788
Wikipedia Chamaeleon_gummifer

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Production of carboxyatractyloside and atractyloside by cell suspension cultures of Atractylis gummifera T Kephalas, F Alikaridis, K Pantelia, D Papadakis Elsevier BV 26-Jul-2002
doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00710-9
Neocorymboside, a di-C-glycosylflavone from Atractylis gummifera Annie Chaboud, Georgette Dellamonica, Jean Raynaud Elsevier BV 25-Jul-2002
doi:10.1016/0031-9422(88)80165-1
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of atractyloside and carboxyatractyloside from Atractylis gummifera L. M. Calmes, F. Crespin, C. Maillard, E. Ollivier, G. Balansard Elsevier BV 25-Jul-2002
doi:10.1016/0021-9673(94)80503-2
The structure and the stereochemistry of atractyliretin. Camarda L, Ceraulo L, Ferrugia M, Pascual C, Sprio V Planta Med 01-Oct-1986
doi:10.1055/S-2007-969185
PMID:17345340

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Kaurane diterpenoids
Atractyliretin 183150 Click to see CC12CC(CC(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)C(C4)C=O)C(=O)O)O 320.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969185
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Diterpene glycosides
(1R,5R,7R,9R,13R,15S)-15-hydroxy-7-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-methylbutanoyloxy)-4,5-disulfooxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-9-methyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid 118701295 Click to see CC(C)CC(=O)OC1C(C(C(OC1OC2CC(C3CCC45CC(CCC4C3(C2)C)C(=C)C5O)C(=O)O)CO)OS(=O)(=O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O 726.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00710-9
https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)80503-2
(1S,4R,9R,10S,13R)-15-hydroxy-7-[6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-methylbutanoyloxy)-4,5-disulfooxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-9-methyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5,5-dicarboxylic acid 137795180 Click to see CC(C)CC(=O)OC1C(C(C(OC1OC2CC3(C4CCC5CC4(CCC3C(C2)(C(=O)O)C(=O)O)C(C5=C)O)C)CO)OS(=O)(=O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O 770.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00710-9
https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)80503-2
CID 442005 442005 Click to see CC(C)CC(=O)OC1C(C(C(OC1OC2CC(C3CCC45CC(CCC4C3(C2)C)C(=C)C5O)C(=O)O)CO)OS(=O)(=O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O 726.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00710-9
https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)80503-2
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides
4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 6-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-8-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- 5322047 Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)C2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=O)C=C(O3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)C5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 564.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80165-1
Corymboside 13644660 Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)C2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=O)C=C(O3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)C5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 564.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80165-1
Neocorymboside 44257665 Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)C2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=O)C=C(O3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)C5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 564.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80165-1

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