Crocus vernus in Genus Crocus

Details Top

Internal ID	UUID644028568e635363030731
Scientific name	Crocus vernus
Authority	(L.) Hill
First published in	Veg. Syst. 10: 1 (1765)

Description Top

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Crocus vernus, also known as spring crocus or giant crocus, is a species in the Iridaceae family native to the Alps, Pyrenees, and Balkans. It is commonly used as an ornamental plant, along with its cultivars and those of Crocus flavus (Dutch crocus). Dutch crocuses are larger than other cultivated crocus species and typically start flowering around the same time as Crocus chrysanthus (snow crocus). Crocus vernus can be found in grasslands, including churchyards and roadside verges, in Britain. It has several cultivars, such as 'Flower Record' and 'Jeanne d'Arc', which come in various colors including blue, white, and purple. It is important to note that there are other species that have been mistakenly called Crocus vernus by some authors.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Ixia vernalis	Salisb.	Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 33 (1796)
Crocus acutiflorus	Seidl	Naturalientausch 9: 123 (1825)
Crocus grandiflorus	Hegetschw.	Fl. Schw. 41.
Crocus montenegrinus	Kern. ex Maw	Gard. Chron. , n.s., 16: 368 (1881)
Crocus purpureus	Weston	Bot. Univ. 2: 238. 1771 (1771)
Crocus pygmaeus	Lojac.	Fl. Sicul. 3: 58 (1909)
Crocus sativus var. vernus	L.	Sp. Pl. : 36 (1753)
Crocus vernus var. pictus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 483. 1830
Crocus vilmae	Fiala	Oesterr. Bot. Z. 40: 247 (1890)
Crocus vernus var. puniceus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 473. 1830
Crocus vernus var. purpureus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 474. 1830
Crocus vernus var. marginatus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 474. 1830
Crocus vernus var. sabinei	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 475. 1830
Crocus vernus var. grandis	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 475. 1830
Crocus vernus var. obovatus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 475. 1830
Crocus vernus var. concinuus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 476. 1830
Crocus vernus var. phaeton	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 476. 1830
Crocus vernus var. maculosus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 477. 1830
Crocus vernus var. turbinatus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 477. 1830
Crocus vernus var. clavatus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 478. 1830
Crocus vernus var. violaceus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 478. 1830
Crocus vernus var. dubius	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 478. 1830
Crocus vernus var. pruinosus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 479. 1830
Crocus vernus var. fusiformis	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 479. 1830
Crocus vernus var. stylosus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 479. 1830
Crocus vernus var. plumbeus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 480. 1830
Crocus vernus var. inflatus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 480. 1830
Crocus vernus var. tulipaceus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 480. 1830
Crocus vernus var. pallens	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 481. 1830
Crocus vernus var. minutus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 481. 1830
Crocus vernus var. pallidus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 481. 1830
Crocus vernus var. neapolitanus-praecox	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 482. 1830
Crocus vernus var. lilacinus-praecox	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 482. 1830
Crocus vernus var. fucatus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 483. 1830
Crocus vernus var. dorsalis	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 484. 1830
Crocus vernus var. unguis	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 485. 1830
Crocus vernus var. unguis-major	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 485. 1830
Crocus vernus var. leucorhynchus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 485. 1830
Crocus vernus var. pulchellus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 486. 1830
Crocus vernus var. lineatus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 486. 1830
Crocus vernus var. striatus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 487. 1830
Crocus vernus var. glorianella	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 488. 1830
Crocus vernus var. gloriana	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 488. 1830
Crocus vernus var. propinquus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 489. 1830
Crocus vernus var. dentosus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 489. 1830
Crocus vernus var. bicolor	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 490. 1830
Crocus vernus var. reticulatus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 490. 1830
Crocus vernus var. griseus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 490. 1830
Crocus vernus var. pectinatus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 491. 1830
Crocus vernus var. incurvus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 491. 1830
Crocus vernus var. lineellus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 491. 1830
Crocus vernus var. obesus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 492. 1830
Crocus vernus var. crassus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 493. 1830
Crocus vernus var. andersonii	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 493. 1830
Crocus vernus var. parvulus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 493. 1830
Crocus vernus var. trilineatus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 494. 1830
Crocus vernus var. obsoletus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 494. 1830
Crocus vernus var. albus-major	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 494. 1830
Crocus vernus var. albus-minor	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 495. 1830
Crocus vernus var. delectus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 495. 1830
Crocus vernus var. alpinus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 496. 1830
Crocus vernus var. aprilis	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 497. 1830
Crocus vernus var. tardiflorus	Sabine	Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 497. 1830
Crocus vernus var. podolicus	Herb.	Bot. Mag. 67: t. 3874. 1841
Crocus vernus var. communis	Herb.	J. Hort. Soc. London 2: 271. 1847
Crocus vernus var. nivigena	(Herb.) Herb.	J. Hort. Soc. London 2: 271. 1847
Crocus vernus var. lusitanicus	Herb.	Edwards's Bot. Reg. 29(Misc.): 84. 1843
Crocus vernus subsp. obovatus	(Haw.) K.Richt.	Pl. Eur. 1: 248. 1890 (1890)
Crocus vernus subsp. nivigena	(Herb.) K.Richt.	Pl. Eur. 1: 248. 1890 (1890)
Crocus napolitanus	Loisel.	Herb. Gén. Amateur 2: t. 101 1817
Crocus vernus f. intermedius	Vuk. ex Beck	Wiss. Mitt. Bosnien & Herzegovina 9: 96 1904
Crocus vernus f. niveus	Derganc	Oesterr. Bot. Z. 47: 17 1897
Crocus albiflorus	Kit. ex Schult.	Oestr. Fl. , ed. 2, 1: 101 (1814)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	spring crocus
English	giant crocus
English	dutch crocus, spring crocus
English	dutch crocus
Arabic	زعفران الربيع
Bulgarian	син минзухар
Catalan	safrà de muntanya
Catalan	crocus printanier
Czech	šafrán jarní
Welsh	saffrwm y gwanwyn
Danish	vår-krokus
German	frühlingssafran
German	frühlings-krokus
German	weisser krokus
German	crocus albiflorus
German	crocus printanier
German	frühlings-safran
German	frühlingskrokus
Estonian	kevadine krookus
Finnish	kevätsahrami
French	crocus printanier
Croatian	proljetni šafran
Upper Sorbian	nalětnja barbička
Hungarian	kerti sáfrány
Armenian	քրքում գարնանային
Icelandic	vorkrókus
ku	pizîlaqa kûçikan
Cornish	safron
Lithuanian	crocus printanier
Lithuanian	pavasarinis krokas
Dutch	bonte krokus
Norwegian Nynorsk	vårkrokus
Polish	szafran wiosenny
Polish	krokus wiosenny
Romanian	brândușa de munte
Russian	Шафран весенний
Russian	crocus sativus var. vernus
Russian	crocus albiflorus
Slovak	šafran bielokvetý
Slovenian	pomladanski žafran
Swedish	crocus printanier
Swedish	vårkrokus
Chinese	春番红花
Chinese	春番紅
Chinese	紫番紅花
Chinese	荷兰番红花
Chinese	春番紅花

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Expose seeds to natural outdoor winter conditions for 3 months, then gradually increase light and temperature in the spring.

best sown in fall; grow seedlings @ 4°C; leave in pot for 2 years before planting out

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Europe click to expand
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Germany
  - Switzerland
- Southeastern Europe
  - Italy
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - France

Northern America click to expand
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Kentucky

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000789185
Canadensys	6174
USDA Plants	CRVE4
Tropicos	16600128
INPN	93282
Flora of Italy	7051
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60461938-2
The Plant List	kew-327781
Missouri Botanical Garden	281107
Open Tree Of Life	675223
NCBI Taxonomy	87752
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000002273
Nature Serve	2.157839
IPNI	60461938-2
iNaturalist	55769
GBIF	2747567
Freebase	/m/0gl_7f
EPPO	CVOVE
Elurikkus	4142
USDA GRIN	12271
Wikipedia	Crocus_vernus

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

An overview of analytical methods employed for quality assessment of Crocus sativus (saffron)

Eghbali S, Farhadi F, Askari VR

Food Chem X

14-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10740065
doi:	10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100992
PMID:	38144850

Detection of botanical adulterants in saffron powder

Ryparova Kvirencova J, Navratilova K, Hrbek V, Hajslova J

Anal Bioanal Chem

17-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10474180
doi:	10.1007/s00216-023-04853-x
PMID:	37587313

Emerging Plant Intoxications in Domestic Animals: A European Perspective

Nagy AL, Ardelean S, Chapuis RJ, Bouillon J, Pivariu D, Dreanca AI, Caloni F

Toxins (Basel)

04-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10467095
doi:	10.3390/toxins15070442
PMID:	37505711

Crocus heuffelianus—A New Species for the Bulgarian Flora from Series Verni (Iridaceae)

Raycheva T, Stoyanov K, Naimov S, Apostolova-Kuzova E

Plants (Basel)

22-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10346320
doi:	10.3390/plants12132420
PMID:	37446981

Fatty Acid Composition of Dry and Germinating Pollen of Gymnosperm and Angiosperm Plants

Breygina M, Voronkov A, Ivanova T, Babushkina K

Int J Mol Sci

03-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10253635
doi:	10.3390/ijms24119717
PMID:	37298668

Phytochemistry, quality control and medicinal uses of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.): an updated review

Aissa R, Ibourki M, Ait Bouzid H, Bijla L, Oubannin S, Sakar EH, Jadouali S, Hermansyah A, Goh KW, Ming LC, Bouyahya A, Gharby S

J Med Life

01-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10478662
doi:	10.25122/jml-2022-0353
PMID:	37675158

Toxicity of House Plants to Pet Animals

Siroka Z

Toxins (Basel)

19-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10220692
doi:	10.3390/toxins15050346
PMID:	37235380

Disentangling Crocus Series Verni and Its Polyploids

Raca I, Blattner FR, Waminal NE, Kerndorff H, Ranđelović V, Harpke D

Biology (Basel)

14-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9953621
doi:	10.3390/biology12020303
PMID:	36829579

Edible Flowers Used in Some Countries of the Mediterranean Basin: An Ethnobotanical Overview

Motti R, Paura B, Cozzolino A, de Falco B

Plants (Basel)

28-Nov-2022

PMCID:	PMC9736219
doi:	10.3390/plants11233272
PMID:	36501312

From Biodiversity to Musketry: Detection of Plant Diversity in Pre-Industrial Peloponnese during the Flora Graeca Expedition

Chimona C, Papadopoulou S, Kolyva F, Mina M, Rhizopoulou S

Life (Basel)

23-Nov-2022

PMCID:	PMC9785030
doi:	10.3390/life12121957
PMID:	36556322

Micropropagation of Citronella mucronata D. Don, a Vulnerable Chilean Endemic Tree Species

Guerra F, Badilla L, Cautin R, Castro M

Plants (Basel)

16-Sep-2022

PMCID:	PMC9500790
doi:	10.3390/plants11182425
PMID:	36145826

Nanoporous silica gel can compete with the flower stigma in germinating and attracting pollen tubes

Chichiriccò G, Poma A, Pace L

Front Plant Sci

27-Jul-2022

PMCID:	PMC9363783
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2022.927725
PMID:	35968106

Genetic architecture underlying variation in floral meristem termination in Aquilegia

Min Y, Ballerini ES, Edwards MB, Hodges SA, Kramer EM

J Exp Bot

22-Jun-2022

PMCID:	PMC9756955
doi:	10.1093/jxb/erac277
PMID:	35731618

The Pharmacological Activities of Crocus sativus L.: A Review Based on the Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities of its Phytoconstituents

Butnariu M, Quispe C, Herrera-Bravo J, Sharifi-Rad J, Singh L, Aborehab NM, Bouyahya A, Venditti A, Sen S, Acharya K, Bashiry M, Ezzat SM, Setzer WN, Martorell M, Mileski KS, Bagiu IC, Docea AO, Calina D, Cho WC

Oxid Med Cell Longev

14-Feb-2022

PMCID:	PMC8860555
doi:	10.1155/2022/8214821
PMID:	35198096

“I Climbed a Fig Tree, on an Apple Bashing Spree, Only Pears Fell Free”: Economic, Symbolic and Intrinsic Values of Plants Occurring in Slovenian Folk Songs Collected by K. Štrekelj (1895–1912)

Fišer Ž

Plants (Basel)

07-Feb-2022

PMCID:	PMC8838053
doi:	10.3390/plants11030458
PMID:	35161440

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
Crocin	5281233	Click to see CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)COC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)C=CC=C(C)C(=O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)COC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	977.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2005.11.020
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Acyclic diterpenoids
Crocetin	5281232	Click to see CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C(=O)O)C=CC=C(C)C(=O)O	328.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2005.11.020
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organic oxides
Safranal	61041	Click to see CC1=C(C(CC=C1)(C)C)C=O	150.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2005.11.020

Biological Material Top

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Crocus vernus

Table of Contents

Details Top

Description Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Biological Material Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top