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Dracaena fragrans

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID644025edad20a981303253
Scientific name Dracaena fragrans
Authority (L.) Ker Gawl.
First published in Bot. Mag. 27: t. 1081 (1808)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
The species is cultivated almost exclusively as a live ornamental foliage plant for indoor and landscape use; it is a staple floriculture commodity under glasshouse and tropical nursery production systems.

Industrial and craft applications:
No substantive non-medicinal industrial or craft uses are reported for Dracaena fragrans; reported uses for other Dracaena taxa (e.g., timber, wood carving, and “dragon’s blood” resin in varnishes or varnishing) do not apply to this species.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
No verified food, beverage, or culinary ingredient uses are documented for this taxon.

Colorants and tanning:
No documented use of leaves, stems, or other tissues for dyes, inks, or tannins has been verified for Dracaena fragrans.

Wood and fiber:
No established timber, pulp, fiber (bast or leaf), or related wood-products sector is reported for this species; stems are small and not processed into lumber or fiber materials.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No use of essential oil, extract, or resin from this taxon in fragrance or cosmetic formulations is reported in accessible references.

Properties relevant to use:
Ornamental horticulture drives selection for compact habit, broad strap-like leaves, variegation patterns, tolerance of low light and drought, and ease of vegetative propagation (leaf-bud cuttings); no specific material properties (e.g., fiber strength, resin composition, dye chemistry) are documented for this taxon.

Standards and regulation:
Plants sold as ornamentals are subject to national plant health, phytosanitary, and consumer protection regimes governing nursery stock and houseplants; no species-specific product standards (timber, fiber, dye, or cosmetic) apply.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Propagation is primarily vegetative and greenhouse-based, supporting broad availability while limiting wild harvest; ornamental production uses conventional nursery substrates, irrigation, and fertigation, with sustainability concerns centered on water and substrate management typical of indoor foliage cropping.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Sansevieria fragrans (L.) Jacq. Fragm. Bot. : 29 (1803)
Pleomele smithii (Baker ex Hook.f.) N.E.Br. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 279 (1914)
Pleomele ugandensis (Baker) N.E.Br. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 279 (1914)
Pleomele deremensis (Engl.) N.E.Br. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 278 (1914)
Pleomele fragrans (L.) Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 245 (1796)
Aletris fragrans L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2 : 456 (1762)
Aloe fragrantissima Jacq. Enum. Stirp. Vindob. : 309 (1762)
Cordyline fragrans (L.) Planch. Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 6: 111 (1850)
Dracaena butayei De Wild. Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. , sér. 5, 1: 16 (1903)
Dracaena deisteliana Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 96 (1902)
Dracaena deremensis Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 95 (1902)
Dracaena lindenii Linden ex André Ill. Hort. 27: 85 (1880)
Dracaena massangeana hort. ex É.Morren Rev. Hort. Belg. 7: 210. 1881 (1881)
Dracaena smithii Baker ex Hook.f. Bot. Mag. 101: t. 6169 (1875)
Dracaena ugandensis Baker Fl. Trop. Afr. 7: 445 (1898)
Draco fragrans (L.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 710 (1891)
Dracaena steudneri var. kilimandscharica Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 143. 1895
Dracaena fragrans var. massangeana (Rodigas) E.Morren Belgique Hort. 31: 327. 1881
Dracaena aureolus W.Bull ex Mast. Gard. Chron. n.s., 19: 404. 1883 (1883)
Dracaena fragrans f. wacheana Wacha ex Siebert Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3 1: 1065 1895
Dracaena latifolia f. rothiana Siebert Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3 1: 1064 1895
Dracaena broomfieldii Sander ex Mast. Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 20: 666. 1896 (1896)
Dracaena victoria W.Bull Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 24: 325. 1898 (1898)
Dracaena fragrans var. victoria (W.Bull) O.F.Cook Garden (London, 1871-1927) 1903: 78.
Dracaena janssensii Mast. Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 25: 287. 1899 (1899)
Dracaena albanensis Sander ex Mast. Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 27: 206. 1900 (1900)
Dracaena broomfieldii var. superba Sander ex Mast. Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 33: 245. 1903
Dracaena deremensis var. warneckei Engl. Gartenwelt 1907: 505.
Dracaena ensifolia var. greigii Regel Gartenflora 20: 139. 1871

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English fragrant dracaena
Spanish dracaena broomfieldii var. superba
Spanish aloe fragrantissima
Spanish cordyline fragrans
Spanish dracaena broomfieldii
Spanish dracaena deisteliana
Spanish dracaena deremensis var. warneckei
Spanish tronco del brasil
Spanish dracaena steudneri var. kilimandscharica
Spanish dracaena ugandensis
Spanish dracaena victoria
Spanish pleomele fragrans
Arabic أيدع أريجي
Azerbaijani Ətirli drasena
Azerbaijani derem drasenası
Bulgarian ароматна драцена
Czech dračinec deremský
Czech dračinec vonný
German dracaena deremensis
Persian دراسینا درمنسیس
Fulah boɗeehi
Finnish tuoksutraakkipuu
French dracaena deremensis
Upper Sorbian dracena
Italian tronchetto della felicità
Korean 행운목
Ganda empaanyi
Lithuanian kvapioji dracena
Malay pandan serani
Malay pokok pandan serani
Polish dracaena deremensis
Polish smokowiec wonny
Polish dracena wonna
Russian Драцена душистая
Slovak dracéna voňavá
Swedish pleomele fragrans
Swedish dracaena massangeana
Swedish dracaena deremensis
Swedish dracaena butayei
Swedish banddracena
Swedish doftdracena
Vietnamese thiết mộc lan
Chinese 香龙血树
Chinese 香龍血樹
Chinese 巴西木

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • East Tropical Africa
      • Kenya
      • Tanzania
      • Uganda
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Ethiopia
      • Sudan
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Angola
      • Malawi
      • Mozambique
      • Zambia
      • Zimbabwe
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Benin
      • Gambia
      • Ghana
      • Guinea
      • Ivory Coast
      • Liberia
      • Nigeria
      • Senegal
      • Sierra Leone
      • Togo
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Cameroon
      • Central African Republic
      • Congo
      • Equatorial Guinea
      • Gabon
      • Gulf Of Guinea Islands
      • Rwanda
      • Zaïre
    • Western Indian Ocean
      • Chagos Archipelago
  • Pacific
    • Northwestern Pacific
      • Caroline Islands
      • Marianas
    • South-central Pacific
      • Society Islands
  • Southern America
    • Caribbean
      • Cuba
      • Dominican Republic
      • Haiti
      • Leeward Islands
      • Puerto Rico
      • Trinidad-Tobago
      • Venezuelan Antilles
      • Windward Islands
    • Central America
      • Costa Rica
      • El Salvador
      • Panamá

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000765769
USDA Plants DRFR2
Tropicos 18404229
INPN 447694
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:534207-1
The Plant List kew-304662
Missouri Botanical Garden 282260
Open Tree Of Life 749859
NCBI Taxonomy 231032
IUCN Red List 144296082
IPNI 534207-1
iNaturalist 126515
GBIF 5304583
Freebase /m/03h4lf1
EPPO DRNFR
EOL 1087638
USDA GRIN 14636
Wikipedia Dracaena_fragrans

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Ethnobotanical study and vulnerability of medicinal plants used against the symptoms of COVID-19 in the Lomié subdivision, East Region of Cameroon Ngamsou Abdel K, Mala WA, Chimi PM, Funwi FP, Engoulou C, Messi Effa JA, Kouoguem Kamdem ME, Nzoyeuem Djonko F, Landry Fokoua U, Brice Adounga S, Marguerite Mbolo M Heliyon 21-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10999872
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28247
PMID:38590891
Pestalotiopsis jiangsuensis sp. nov. Causing Needle Blight on Pinus massoniana in China Li H, Peng BY, Xie JY, Bai YQ, Li DW, Zhu LH J Fungi (Basel) 21-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10970983
doi:10.3390/jof10030230
PMID:38535238
Pest categorisation of Pyrrhoderma noxium Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Golic D, Gobbi A, Maiorano A, Pautasso M, Reignault PL EFSA J 19-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10949325
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8667
PMID:38505477
Identification and Genetic Diversity Analysis of the Pathogen of Anthracnose of Pepper in Guizhou Zhang A, Li L, Xie X, Chai A, Shi Y, Xing D, Yu Z, Li B Plants (Basel) 04-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10934800
doi:10.3390/plants13050728
PMID:38475575
A comprehensive review of antimalarial medicinal plants used by Tanzanians Kacholi DS Pharm Biol 25-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10812860
doi:10.1080/13880209.2024.2305453
PMID:38270178
Pest categorisation of Diaprepes abbreviatus Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Grégoire J, Malumphy C, Kertesz V, Maiorano A, MacLeod A EFSA J 15-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10648563
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8318
PMID:38027434
Investigation of simultaneous volatile organic compound removal by indoor plants using solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Peterson G, Jones T, Rispoli D, Haddadi S, Niri V RSC Adv 07-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10483372
doi:10.1039/d3ra04015a
PMID:37692358
Novel gas exposure system for the controlled exposure of plants to gaseous hydrogen fluoride DeMille KF, Emsbo-Mattingly SD, Krieger G, Howard M, Webster KB, DaCosta M Environ Monit Assess 29-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10227110
doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11382-8
PMID:37247106
Toxicity of House Plants to Pet Animals Siroka Z Toxins (Basel) 19-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10220692
doi:10.3390/toxins15050346
PMID:37235380
A systematic review on mitigation of common indoor air pollutants using plant-based methods: a phytoremediation approach Kumar R, Verma V, Thakur M, Singh G, Bhargava B Air Qual Atmos Health 11-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10005924
doi:10.1007/s11869-023-01326-z
PMID:37359395
Important Medicinal and Food Taxa (Orders and Families) in Kenya, Based on Three Quantitative Approaches Mutie FM, Mbuni YM, Rono PC, Mkala EM, Nzei JM, Phumthum M, Hu GW, Wang QF Plants (Basel) 02-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10005506
doi:10.3390/plants12051145
PMID:36904005
Pestalotioid Species Associated with Medicinal Plants in Southwest China and Thailand Sun YR, Jayawardena RS, Sun JE, Wang Y Microbiol Spectr 10-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC9927317
doi:10.1128/spectrum.03987-22
PMID:36625649
Plastome structure, phylogenomic analyses and molecular dating of Arecaceae Chen DJ, Landis JB, Wang HX, Sun QH, Wang Q, Wang HF Front Plant Sci 27-Sep-2022
PMCID:PMC9552784
doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.960588
PMID:36237503
Pest categorisation of Colletotrichum aenigma , C. alienum , C. perseae , C. siamense and C. theobromicola Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Migheli Q, Vloutoglou I, Czwienczek E, Maiorano A, Streissl F, Reignault PL EFSA J 25-Aug-2022
PMCID:PMC9405523
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7529
PMID:36034322
Plant diversity and community analysis of Sele-Nono forest, Southwest Ethiopia: implication for conservation planning Kefalew A, Soromessa T, Demissew S Bot Stud 19-Jul-2022
PMCID:PMC9294133
doi:10.1186/s40529-022-00353-w
PMID:35851664

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[(1S,2S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,14R,16R)-16-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5'-methylidenespiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-14-yl]oxy-4-[(1S,2R,3S,4R)-2,3,4-trihydroxy-1-methoxypentoxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 162999867 Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(C(CC(C5)O)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)OC(C(C(C(C)O)O)O)OC)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)C)O)O)O)C)C)OC18CCC(=C)CO8 855.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP100153M
(2S,3R,4S,5S)-2-[(1S,2S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,14R,16R)-16-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5'-methylidenespiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-14-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 15719625 Click to see 560.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP100153M
[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxan-4-yl] hydrogen sulfate 101520837 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)COC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1 803.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP100153M
[3,5-Dihydroxy-2-methyl-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxan-4-yl] hydrogen sulfate 162996978 Click to see 803.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP100153M
2-(16-Hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5'-methylidenespiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-14-yl)oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 85056762 Click to see 560.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP100153M
2-[2-[3',16-Dihydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5'-methylidene-4'-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-14-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 56673056 Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(C(CC(C5)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)C)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(CO8)O)O)O)C)C)OC19C(C(C(=C)CO9)OC1C(C(C(CO1)O)O)O)O 1017.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP100153M
2-[4,5-Dihydroxy-2-(16-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5'-methylidenespiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-14-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 13935608 Click to see 706.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP100153M
2-[5-Hydroxy-2-(16-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5'-methylidenespiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-14-yl)oxy-4-(2,3,4-trihydroxy-1-methoxypentoxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 162999866 Click to see 855.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP100153M
CID 10462472 10462472 Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(C(CC(C5)O)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)C)O)O)O)C)C)OC18CCC(=C)CO8 706.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP100153M
CID 46873480 46873480 Click to see 1017.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP100153M

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