Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Traditional preparations center on infusions of the leaf to clear heat and support healthy throat function, as noted for Lianqiao (Forsythia suspensa) in classic formulas, with documented use in East Asian herbal traditions. While various species of “lianqiao” have been traditionally employed, compound prescriptions featuring leaf infusions such as Yin Qiao San have been widely described across mainland China, Korea, and Japan, in authoritative compendia including the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and modern monographs by Bensky and Gamble; pharmacognostic references similarly document infusion methods for these plants. In Japanese Kampo practice, combining leaf infusions with other botanicals for seasonal throat discomfort has been recorded by Fukutomi, Okabe, and Kondo (2020), extending documented patterns from the Chinese canonical use into regional Japanese practice, while Korean herbal texts report leaf infusions (gamro) with Forsythia in seasonal preparations noted by Ahn et al. (2018). Safety cautions consistently emphasize the importance of avoiding excessive dosing and contraindications in pregnancy, a point reiterated by Bensky and Gamble and affirmed in modern Kampo references.

Recipe: Typical mild throat-clearing tea uses 5–10 g of dried Forsythia leaf per 250–300 mL of water, poured just off the boil and steeped 10–15 minutes before straining; drink 1–3 cups daily, avoiding prolonged use in pregnancy or unsupervised dosing. Active constituents such as forsythoside A, phillyrin, and robust flavonoids (rutin, quercetin) are well established for Forsythia spp. and plausibly account for traditional activity in supporting healthy throat function. Modern relevance includes ongoing research into these compounds, commercial availability of standardized extracts for respiratory support, and the continued use of traditional leaf infusions during seasonal shifts.

General Uses Top

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Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Convallaria keiskei f. colorata	Ponert	Feddes Repert. 86: 555 (1975)
Convallaria keiskei f. desulavii	Ponert	Feddes Repert. 86: 555 (1975)
Convallaria keiskei var. trifolia	Y.C.Chu & J.F.Li	Nat. Resources Res. 2: 4 (1979)
Convallaria majalis var. manshurica	Kom.	Mal. Opr. Rast. Dal'nevost. Kr. 1: 385. 1925
Convallaria manschurica	(Kom.) Knorring	Fl. URSS 4: 468 (1935)
Convallaria majalis var. keiskei	(Miq.) Makino	Ill. Fl. Japan 731. 1948
Convallaria majalis subsp. manschurica	(Kom.) Bordz.	Fl. RSS Ucr. 3: 262. 1950 (1950)
Convallaria japonica	Greene	Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 36 (1910)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
Azerbaijani	keysk inciçiçəyi
Russian	Ландыш Кейзке
Chinese	铃兰
Chinese	鈴蘭

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China North-central
  - China Southeast
  - Inner Mongolia
  - Manchuria
- Eastern Asia
  - Japan
  - Korea
- Mongolia
  - Mongolia
- Russian Far East
  - Amur
  - Khabarovsk
  - Kuril Islands
  - Primorye
  - Sakhalin
- Siberia
  - Chita

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indo-China
  - Myanmar

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000764137
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:533481-1
The Plant List	kew-303068
Open Tree Of Life	549658
Observations.org	130219
NCBI Taxonomy	182176
IPNI	533481-1
iNaturalist	549079
GBIF	2768004
EOL	1087077
Elurikkus	299717
USDA GRIN	11279
CMAUP	NPO16884

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Characterizations of White Mulberry, Sea-Buckthorn, Garlic, Lily of the Valley, Motherwort, and Hawthorn as Potential Candidates for Managing Cardiovascular Disease—In Vitro and Ex Vivo Animal Studies

Witkowska A, Gryn-Rynko A, Syrkiewicz P, Kitala-Tańska K, Majewski MS

Nutrients

27-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11085323
doi:	10.3390/nu16091313
PMID:	38732560

Comparative and phylogenetic analysis of Asparagus meioclados Levl. and Asparagus munitus Wang et S. C. Chen plastomes and utility of plastomes mutational hotspots

Tian Y, Liu X, Xu Y, Yu B, Wang L, Qu X

Sci Rep

20-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10511529
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-42945-x
PMID:	37730791

Comparative Analysis and Identification of Terpene Synthase Genes in Convallaria keiskei Leaf, Flower and Root Using RNA-Sequencing Profiling

Claude SJ, Raman G, Park SJ

Plants (Basel)

28-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10421360
doi:	10.3390/plants12152797
PMID:	37570951

Evolutionary Comparison of the Complete Chloroplast Genomes in Convallaria Species and Phylogenetic Study of Asparagaceae

Lu QX, Chang X, Gao J, Wu X, Wu J, Qi ZC, Wang RH, Yan XL, Li P

Genes (Basel)

26-Sep-2022

PMCID:	PMC9601677
doi:	10.3390/genes13101724
PMID:	36292609

Myeloid cell leukemia-1 expression in cancers of the oral cavity: a scoping review

Choi SJ, Swarup N, Shin JA, Hong SD, Cho SD

Cancer Cell Int

06-May-2022

PMCID:	PMC9074253
doi:	10.1186/s12935-022-02603-0
PMID:	35524332

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Convallaria majalis L.

Men WX, Song YY, Xing YP, Bian C, Xue HF, Xu L, Xie M, Kang TG

Mitochondrial DNA B Resour

22-Apr-2022

PMCID:	PMC9037191
doi:	10.1080/23802359.2022.2067501
PMID:	35478853

Growth Suppression of a Gingivitis and Skin Pathogen Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acnes by Medicinal Plant Extracts

Choi HA, Ahn SO, Lim HD, Kim GJ

Antibiotics (Basel)

09-Sep-2021

PMCID:	PMC8465884
doi:	10.3390/antibiotics10091092
PMID:	34572674

Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Adenophora racemosa (Campanulaceae): Comparative analysis with congeneric species

Kim KA, Cheon KS

PLoS One

18-Mar-2021

PMCID:	PMC7971521
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0248788
PMID:	33735287

The complete chloroplast genome of Lycoris aurea (L’Hér.) Herb

Peng Y, Wei J, Yang L

Mitochondrial DNA B Resour

24-Jan-2020

PMCID:	PMC7748574
doi:	10.1080/23802359.2020.1715296
PMID:	33366751

The complete chloroplast genome of Ophiopogon japonicus, an ornamental and medicinal plant

Yuan C, Peng F, Tao S, Sha XF, Xiong M, Chen YY, Mu FS, Zhang C

Mitochondrial DNA B Resour

03-Sep-2019

PMCID:	PMC7706634
doi:	10.1080/23802359.2019.1659110
PMID:	33365754

Evidence of mitochondrial DNA in the chloroplast genome of Convallaria keiskei and its subsequent evolution in the Asparagales

Raman G, Park S, Lee EM, Park S

Sci Rep

22-Mar-2019

PMCID:	PMC6430787
doi:	10.1038/s41598-019-41377-w
PMID:	30903007

Employing fingerprinting of medicinal plants by means of LC-MS and machine learning for species identification task

Kharyuk P, Nazarenko D, Oseledets I, Rodin I, Shpigun O, Tsitsilin A, Lavrentyev M

Sci Rep

19-Nov-2018

PMCID:	PMC6243014
doi:	10.1038/s41598-018-35399-z
PMID:	30451976

Traditional and Current Food Use of Wild Plants Listed in the Russian Pharmacopoeia

Shikov AN, Tsitsilin AN, Pozharitskaya ON, Makarov VG, Heinrich M

Front Pharmacol

21-Nov-2017

PMCID:	PMC5702350
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2017.00841
PMID:	29209213

Phylogenetic Placement and Morphological Characterization of Sclerotium rolfsii (Teleomorph: Athelia rolfsii) Associated with Blight Disease of Ipomoea batatas in Korea

Paul NC, Hwang EJ, Nam SS, Lee HU, Lee JS, Yu GD, Kang YG, Lee KB, Go S, Yang JW

Mycobiology

30-Sep-2017

PMCID:	PMC5673508
doi:	10.5941/MYCO.2017.45.3.129
PMID:	29138617

Ethanol Extract of Lepidium apetalum Seed Elicits Contractile Response and Attenuates Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Secretion in Beating Rabbit Atria

Kim SJ, Kim HY, Lee YJ, Cui HZ, Jang JY, Kang DG, Lee HS

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med

29-Oct-2013

PMCID:	PMC3830812
doi:	10.1155/2013/404713
PMID:	24288558

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Benzophenanthridine alkaloids / Hexahydrobenzophenanthridine alkaloids
Chelidonine, (-)-	978315	Click to see CN1CC2=C(C=CC3=C2OCO3)C4C1C5=CC6=C(C=C5CC4O)OCO6	353.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
CID 24201226	24201226	Click to see	389.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Rhoeadine alkaloids
Isorhoeadine	12304371	Click to see	383.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones / Hydroxyanthraquinones
1,3,5-Trihydroxy-7-methyl-2-(1,3,5-trihydroxy-7-methyl-9,10-dioxoanthracen-2-yl)anthracene-9,10-dione	54752972	Click to see	538.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
1,4,7-Trihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methylanthracene-9,10-dione	54752971	Click to see	300.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Butyrophenones
Rhodomyrtosone A	102521923	Click to see	456.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Dibenzylbutane lignans
9,9'-Di-O-(E)-feruloylsecoisolariciresinol	10439806	Click to see	714.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Hopanoids
(3I(2),21I(2))-Aa(2)-Neogammacer-22(30)-ene-3,29-diol	102032092	Click to see	442.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Quinone and hydroquinone lipids / Vitamin E compounds / Tocopherols
Vitamin E	14985	Click to see	430.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(1alpha,6alpha,7alphaH)-2,4(15)-Copadiene	5316058	Click to see CC(C)C1CCC2(C3C1C2C(=C)C=C3)C	202.33	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesterterpenoids / Scalarane sesterterpenoids
Taraxerol	92097	Click to see	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bS,13aR,13bR)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-ol	11876093	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(25S)-5beta-spirostan-1beta,3beta-diol	12304363	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CCC6C5(C(CC(C6)O)O)C)C)C)OC1	432.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,11R,12S,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-octamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-ol	10836206	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,12aR,14bR)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	7061300	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(1R,3aS,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-3a-(hydroxymethyl)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl] acetate	479957	Click to see	484.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
11-Oxo-beta-amyrin	20055661	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CC(=O)C4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C	440.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-O-p-Coumaroyloleanolic acid	10579517	Click to see	602.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
3beta-Acetoxy-11alpha,12alpha-epoxyoleanan-28,13beta-olide	21626351	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CCC2(C(C1(C)C)CCC3(C2C4C(O4)C56C3(CCC7(C5CC(CC7)(C)C)C(=O)O6)C)C)C	512.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Arjunolic acid	73641	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	488.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Beta-Amyrin	73145	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Betulin	72326	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)CO	442.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Betulonic acid	122844	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)C)C(=O)O	454.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Friedelin	91472	Click to see	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isorhodeasapogenin	52931443	Click to see	432.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Lupeol	259846	Click to see	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
methyl (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aS,10R,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate	40884490	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)OC	470.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Methyl Betulonate	10766700	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)C)C(=O)OC	468.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid lactones / Cardenolides and derivatives / Cardenolide glycosides and derivatives
(3S)-5,12,14-trihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	16219181	Click to see	566.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-[(3S,5R,8R,9S,10S,11R,13R,14S,17R)-11,14-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one	10030114	Click to see	536.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-[(5S,10R,13R,14S)-3-[6-[(4,6-dihydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl)oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,14-dihydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-13-methyl-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one	44135562	Click to see	698.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-[3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,14-dihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(2-oxo-3H-furan-4-yl)-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	3649385	Click to see	712.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
Card-20(22)-enolide,3-[(6-deoxy-a-L-mannopyranosyl)oxy]-11,14-dihydroxy-, (3b,5b,11a)-	4482831	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2)CCC4C3C(CC5(C4(CCC5C6=CC(=O)OC6)O)C)O)C)O)O)O	536.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00575198
Convallatoxin	441852	Click to see	550.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LFS.2006.03.019
Deglucocheirotoxin	2862	Click to see	550.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LFS.2006.03.019
Desglucocheirotoxol	12309172	Click to see	552.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Erysimoside	12308885	Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)C=O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O	696.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
Rhodexin A	441868	Click to see	536.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00575198
Strophanthidin 6-deoxyglucoside	20341	Click to see	550.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins
(14R,16S,17S,18R)-5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-18-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-14,16,17-triol	6324955	Click to see	596.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(14R,16S,17S)-14,17-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-18-[(2R,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	11968499	Click to see	758.90	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[(9S,13S,14R,16R)-14-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-4-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	6324956	Click to see	857.00	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl-6-[(14R,18R)-5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-14-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	11968375	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CCC6C5(C(CC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)C)O)OC8C(C(C(CO8)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1	1019.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-[(14R,16S,18S)-14,18-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol	6324954	Click to see	580.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-2-[(13S,14R,16S,18S)-14,18-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	6325235	Click to see	742.90	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-[6-[[(6R,9S,13S)-16-[3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[3-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]but-3-enyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-14-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	44135483	Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CCC5C4(C(CC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(=C)COC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)O	1211.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
Stigmast-4-en-3-one	5484202	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)C)C(C)C	412.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids
Azetidine-2-carboxylate	5248351	Click to see C1C[NH2+]C1C(=O)[O-]	101.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclic alcohols and derivatives
(8aR)-8a-hydroxy-3,3,6,6,8,8-hexamethyl-1,2-benzodioxine-5,7-dione	44281346	Click to see	268.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glucosinolates / Alkylglucosinolates
Glucoerusin	9548895	Click to see CSCCCCC(=NOS(=O)(=O)O)SC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O	421.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthenes
(10R,16R,24R)-12-hydroxy-5,5,7,7,19,19,21,21-octamethyl-13-(3-methylbutanoyl)-10-(2-methylpropyl)-16-propan-2-yl-3,15,17-trioxahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.04,9.016,24.018,23]tetracosa-1,4(9),11,13,18(23)-pentaene-6,8,20,22-tetrone	56929125	Click to see	688.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
(10S,16R,24R)-12-hydroxy-5,5,7,7,19,19,21,21-octamethyl-13-(3-methylbutanoyl)-10-(2-methylpropyl)-16-propan-2-yl-3,15,17-trioxahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.04,9.016,24.018,23]tetracosa-1,4(9),11,13,18(23)-pentaene-6,8,20,22-tetrone	56929124	Click to see	688.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
(9R)-6,8-dihydroxy-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-5-(3-methylbutanoyl)-9-(2-methylpropyl)-9H-xanthene-1,3-dione	102521922	Click to see	442.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
(9S)-6,8-dihydroxy-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-(3-methylbutanoyl)-9-(2-methylpropyl)-9H-xanthene-1,3-dione	26202536	Click to see	442.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Rhodomyrtone	12050020	Click to see	442.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Oxepanes
(1S,3R,6R,8S)-1,5,9,9-tetramethyl-10-oxatricyclo[6.2.2.02,6]dodecane-3,12-diol	6325467	Click to see	254.36	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrans / Pyranones and derivatives
Chelidonic acid	7431	Click to see	184.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acid esters / Coumaric acid esters
Triacontyl p-coumarate	14213589	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O	585.00	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
Epicatechin	72276	Click to see	290.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxychromen-4-one	57339948	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(OC4O)CO)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
4-[5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-3-[(3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-2-yl]-2-hydroxyphenolate	54758589	Click to see	463.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	5318789	Click to see	624.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
Combretol	12303802	Click to see	388.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Rotenoids / Rotenones
(14S)-17,18-dimethoxy-7,7-dimethyl-2,8,21-trioxapentacyclo[12.8.0.03,12.04,9.015,20]docosa-3(12),4(9),5,10,15,17,19-heptaen-13-one	15558799	Click to see	394.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
2,3,8-Tri-O-methylellagic acid	5281860	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C3C(=C1)C(=O)OC4=C3C(=CC(=C4OC)O)C(=O)O2)OC	344.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
beta-Pedunculagin	5320441	Click to see	784.50	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Convallaria keiskei

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