Details Top

Internal ID UUID644047821260e945188014
Scientific name Ipheion uniflorum
Authority (Graham) Raf.
First published in Fl. Tellur. 2: 12 (1837)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
Bulbs of Ipheion uniflorum are produced and sold as ornamental garden plants. Commercial nurseries market the tunicated bulbs in pre‑packaged trays of 10–20 units, typically graded by diameter (2–4 cm) and weight (2–6 g). The species is offered under the common name “spring starflower” in mail‑order and garden‑center catalogs, often listed with popular cultivars such as ‘Rolf Fiedler’ and ‘White Star’. While most trade focuses on the bulb as a propagule, the plant is occasionally supplied as cut flowers for early‑season floral arrangements. The bulbs are suitable for planting in full sun to light shade, in well‑drained, humus‑rich soils, and are planted in autumn for spring flowering.

Properties relevant to use:
The storage organ is a tunicated bulb composed of a protective outer tunic and an inner parenchyma rich in starch reserves. This morphology enables the plant to survive a summer‑dry period and facilitates rapid vegetative propagation by division of the bulb after foliage senesces. Horticultural observations indicate that larger bulbs (diameter >2 cm) generally produce a greater number of flower spikes per planting, a characteristic used by growers to sort stock for commercial sale. The relatively low moisture content of the bulb (≈40 % fresh weight) contributes to a shelf life of several months when stored at 5–10 °C, allowing mail‑order distribution without compromising viability.

Standards and regulation:
No species‑specific standards for food, cosmetics, timber, or industrial products exist. Trade of the bulbs is subject to the general phytosanitary regulations that govern ornamental plant material in exporting and importing countries (e.g., USDA‑APHIS, EU Plant Health legislation). Selected cultivars have received the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit (AGM), which serves as a quality‑assurance label for garden performance but does not constitute a regulatory standard.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Most commercial supply originates from cultivated production rather than wild collection, reducing pressure on native populations in Argentina and Chile where the species occurs naturally. Propagation is performed by dividing mature bulbs after leaf senescence; each division must retain at least one growing point to ensure flowering the following season. This method can be repeated annually without destructive harvest, supporting sustainable cultivation. Integrated horticultural practices—such as using disease‑free planting material, rotating planting beds, and applying modest organic amendments—are commonly recommended for Ipheion uniflorum to maintain long‑term productivity and minimize environmental impact.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Beauverdia uniflora f. alba Herter Boissiera 7: 512 (1943)
Beauverdia uniflora f. roseo-plena Herter Boissiera 7: 512 (1943)
Beauverdia uniflora f. tenuitepala Herter Boissiera 7: 512 (1943)
Brodiaea uniflora var. alba Weathers Bulb Book : 117 (1911)
Brodiaea uniflora var. conspicua Baker Gard. Chron. , ser. 3, 20: 459 (1896)
Brodiaea uniflora var. violacea Weathers Bulb Book : 117 (1911)
Hookera uniflora (Lindl.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 712. 1891 [5 Nov 1891]
Hookera uniflora f. violacea Voss Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 116. 1895
Ipheion uniflorum f. album (Weathers) Stearn Gard. Chron. , ser. 3, 114: 61 (1943)
Ipheion uniflorum f. conspicuum (Baker) Stearn Gard. Chron. , ser. 3, 114: 61 (1943)
Ipheion uniflorum f. roseo-plenum (Herter) Stearn Gard. Chron. , ser. 3, 114: 61 (1943)
Ipheion uniflorum f. tenuitepalum (Herter) Stearn Gard. Chron. , ser. 3, 114: 61 (1943)
Ipheion uniflorum f. violaceum (Voss) Stearn Gard. Chron. , ser. 3, 114: 61 (1943)
Leucocoryne uniflora (Lindl.) Greene Pittonia 2: 57 (1890)
Milla bonariensis Gilg ex Baker J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 11: 382. 1870 [1871 publ. 1870]
Milla conspicua (Baker) N.E.Br. Suppl. Johnson's Gard. Dict. : 963 (1882)
Milla uniflora (Lindl.) Graham in Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. (Jan 1833) 174.
Tristagma uniflorum (Lindl.) Traub Pl. Life 19: 61 (1963)
Triteleia conspicua Baker Refug. Bot. [Saunders] t. 43. 1868 [Aug 1868]
Tristagma peregrinans Ravenna Pl. Life 34: 131 (1978)
Triteleia uniflora Lindl. Edwards's Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1293. 1830 [1829 publ. 1830]
Milla uniflora var. conspicua (Baker) Baker J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 11: 382 (1870)
Beauverdia uniflora (Lindl.) Herter Boissiera 7: 512 (1943)
Brodiaea uniflora Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 2(5): 57 (1887)
Tristagma uniflorum f. album (Herter) Traub Pl. Life 23: 65 1967
Tristagma uniflorum f. violaceum (Voss) Traub Pl. Life 23: 65 1967
Tristagma uniflorum f. conspicuum (Baker) Traub Pl. Life 23: 65 1967
Tristagma uniflorum f. tenuitepalum (Herter) Traub Pl. Life 23: 65 1967
Tristagma uniflorum f. roseoplenum (Herter) Traub Pl. Life 23: 65 1967
Tristagma uniflorum f. pauciflorum Traub Pl. Life 23: 67 1967
Beauverdia uniflora f. tenuipetala Herter Boissiera 7: 512 1943
Tristagma uniflorum f. tenuipetalum (Herter) Traub Pl. Life 23(1): 65 1967

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English spring star
English spring starflower.
English star flower
German einblütiger frühlingsstern
Finnish heinätähti
Japanese ハナニラ(花韮)
Japanese ハナニラ
Polish ifejon jednokwiatowy
Polish triteleia uniflora
Polish tristagma uniflorum
Polish brodiaea uniflora
Swedish tristagma uniflorum
Swedish vårlilja
Chinese 春星花
Chinese 蓝春星花
Chinese 花韭
Chinese 春星韭

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Sow seeds directly at 4°C.
Germination Improved by GA3: Gibberellic Acid(GA3) is a plant growth hormone that can break dormancy and improve germination rates for seeds that are otherwise difficult to sprout.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Australasia
    • Australia
      • New South Wales
      • South Australia
      • Victoria
      • Western Australia
    • New Zealand
      • New Zealand South
  • Europe
    • Middle Europe
      • Germany
    • Northern Europe
      • Great Britain
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Bulgaria
    • Southwestern Europe
      • France
  • Northern America
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Oregon
    • South-central U.S.A.
      • Texas
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama
      • Virginia
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • California
  • Southern America
    • Southern South America
      • Argentina Northeast
      • Uruguay

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0001072921
Florida Plant Atlas 1899
Tropicos 18406087
Flora of Italy 6816
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:536909-1
The Plant List tro-18401194
Missouri Botanical Garden 281959
Observations.org 149163
NCBI Taxonomy 82527
Nature Serve 2.147238
IPNI 536909-1
iNaturalist 77493
GBIF 2859597
Freebase /m/0417bkq
EPPO IPHUN
Calflora (Californian flora) 4325
USDA GRIN 314420
Wikipedia Ipheion_uniflorum

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Biodiversity in Urban Areas: The Extraordinary Case of Appia Antica Regional Park (Rome, Italy) Iamonico D Plants (Basel) 15-Aug-2022
PMCID:PMC9414419
doi:10.3390/plants11162122
PMID:36015425
First Glimpse on Spring Starflower Domestication Sassone AB, Blattner FR, Giussani LM, Hojsgaard DH Genes (Basel) 27-Jan-2022
PMCID:PMC8872604
doi:10.3390/genes13020243
PMID:35205288
Gradual genome size evolution and polyploidy in Allium from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Wang G, Zhou N, Chen Q, Yang Y, Yang Y, Duan Y Ann Bot 21-Dec-2021
PMCID:PMC9904346
doi:10.1093/aob/mcab155
PMID:34932785
Divide to Conquer: Evolutionary History of Allioideae Tribes (Amaryllidaceae) Is Linked to Distinct Trends of Karyotype Evolution Costa L, Jimenez H, Carvalho R, Carvalho-Sobrinho J, Escobar I, Souza G Front Plant Sci 07-Apr-2020
PMCID:PMC7155398
doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00320
PMID:32318079
Networks in a Large-Scale Phylogenetic Analysis: Reconstructing Evolutionary History of Asparagales (Lilianae) Based on Four Plastid Genes Chen S, Kim DK, Chase MW, Kim JH PLoS One 18-Mar-2013
PMCID:PMC3605904
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059472
PMID:23544071
A Broad Phylogenetic Survey Unveils the Diversity and Evolution of Telomeres in Eukaryotes Fulnečková J, Ševčíková T, Fajkus J, Lukešová A, Lukeš M, Vlček Č, Lang BF, Kim E, Eliáš M, Sýkorová E Genome Biol Evol 09-Feb-2013
PMCID:PMC3622300
doi:10.1093/gbe/evt019
PMID:23395982
Cytogenetic and molecular evidence suggest multiple origins and geographical parthenogenesis in Nothoscordum gracile (Alliaceae) Souza LG, Crosa O, Speranza P, Guerra M Ann Bot 23-Feb-2012
PMCID:PMC3310501
doi:10.1093/aob/mcs020
PMID:22362660
Dynamic Evolution of Telomeric Sequences in the Green Algal Order Chlamydomonadales Fulnečková J, Hasíková T, Fajkus J, Lukešová A, Eliáš M, Sýkorová E Genome Biol Evol 12-Jan-2012
PMCID:PMC3318450
doi:10.1093/gbe/evs007
PMID:22247428
Molecular phylogenetics of Ruscaceae sensu lato and related families (Asparagales) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences Kim JH, Kim DK, Forest F, Fay MF, Chase MW Ann Bot 07-Oct-2010
PMCID:PMC2958784
doi:10.1093/aob/mcq167
PMID:20929900
Phylogeny and biogeography of Allium (Amaryllidaceae: Allieae) based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast rps16 sequences, focusing on the inclusion of species endemic to China Li QQ, Zhou SD, He XJ, Yu Y, Zhang YC, Wei XQ Ann Bot 01-Jan-2010
PMCID:PMC2958792
doi:10.1093/aob/mcq177
PMID:20966186
First Nuclear DNA Amounts in more than 300 Angiosperms ZONNEVELD BJ, LEITCH IJ, BENNETT MD Ann Bot 19-May-2005
PMCID:PMC4246870
doi:10.1093/aob/mci170
PMID:15905300
Sterols from four species of liliaceae M.C. Brunengo, O.L. Tombesi, E.G. Gros Elsevier BV 25-Jul-2002
doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84605-1
Steroid sapogenins from Tristagma uniflorum M Brunengo Elsevier BV 25-Jul-2002
doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81144-9
Steroid sapogenins from Nothoscordum gramineum var. philippianum and Tristagma uniflorum M.C. Brunengo, O.L. Tombesi, D. Doller, E.G. Gros Elsevier BV 25-Jul-2002
doi:10.1016/0031-9422(88)80693-9
Three new furostanol saponins from the bulbs of Ipheion uniflorum. Nakamura O, Mimaki Y, Sashida Y, Nikaido T, Ohmoto T Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 01-May-1994
doi:10.1248/CPB.42.1116
PMID:8069965

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(1R,2S,3'R,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,16S,18S)-3',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,6'-oxane]-3',16-diol 162914487 Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CCC5C4(CCC(C5)O)C)C)OC16CCC(CO6)(C)O 432.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81144-9
(1R,2S,3'S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,16S,18S)-3',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,6'-oxane]-3',16-diol 162914486 Click to see 432.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81144-9
(25R)-5alpha-Spirostan-3beta-ol 219836 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CCC6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)C)C)OC1 416.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80693-9
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81144-9
3',7,9,13-Tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,6'-oxane]-3',16-diol 12310834 Click to see 432.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81144-9
Neotigogenin 12304433 Click to see 416.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81144-9
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80693-9
Tigogenin 99516 Click to see 416.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80693-9
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81144-9
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Hydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives
2,3,14,20,22,25-Hexahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one 271605 Click to see 480.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.1116
20-Hydroxyecdysone 5459840 Click to see 480.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.1116
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cholestane steroids / Cholesterols and derivatives
Cholest-5-en-3-ol 304 Click to see 386.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80693-9
Cholest-7-en-3-ol 420 Click to see 386.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80693-9
Cholestanol 3240 Click to see 388.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80693-9
Cholesterol 5997 Click to see 386.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80693-9
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84605-1
Dihydrocholesterol 6665 Click to see 388.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80693-9
Lathosterol 65728 Click to see CC(C)CCCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2=CCC4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C 386.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80693-9
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Ergostane steroids / Ergosterols and derivatives
(24R)-5-Ergosten-3beta-ol 312822 Click to see 400.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80693-9
(3S,8S,9S,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 134766514 Click to see 400.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84605-1
Campesterol 173183 Click to see CC(C)C(C)CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C 400.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80693-9
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Furospirostanes and derivatives
(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,16S,18S)-5'-(hydroxymethyl)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxolane]-16-ol 162934868 Click to see 432.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81144-9
(1R,2S,4S,5'S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,16S,18S)-5'-(hydroxymethyl)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxolane]-16-ol 162934867 Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CCC5C4(CCC(C5)O)C)C)OC16CCC(O6)(C)CO 432.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81144-9
5'-(Hydroxymethyl)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxolane]-16-ol 12303111 Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CCC5C4(CCC(C5)O)C)C)OC16CCC(O6)(C)CO 432.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81144-9
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins
(1R,2R,4R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,16R,18S)-16-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-15-one 162917731 Click to see 1359.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.1116
(1R,2R,4R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,16R,18S)-16-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3S)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-15-one 162917730 Click to see 1359.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.1116
(1R,2R,4R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,16R,18S)-16-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[3-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]but-3-enyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-15-one 162931392 Click to see 1357.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.1116
16-[5-Hydroxy-4-[5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-bis[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[3-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]but-3-enyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-15-one 162931391 Click to see 1357.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.1116
16-[5-Hydroxy-4-[5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-bis[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[3-methyl-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-15-one 162917729 Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CCC5C4(CC(=O)C(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)OC8C(C(C(CO8)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(CO9)O)O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)C)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)OC 1359.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.1116
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol 222284 Click to see 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80693-9
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 122544 Click to see 412.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80693-9
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 86821 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80693-9
Stigmast-5-en-3-ol 22012 Click to see 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84605-1
Stigmasterol 5280794 Click to see 412.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80693-9

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