Allium atroviolaceum
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID6440247dcb893862203990 |
| Scientific name | Allium atroviolaceum |
| Authority | Boiss. |
| First published in | Diagn. Pl. Orient. 7: 112 (1846) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Ornamental bulb and cut flower: Allium atroviolaceum produces a compact, erect bulb that yields a rosette of linear leaves and a tall, violet‑colored inflorescence. The Royal Horticultural Society Plant Finder lists the species as a hardy perennial suitable for rock gardens, borders, and container displays. Cut stems retain their violet hue for several weeks, making the plant a popular choice for fresh flower arrangements.
- Laboratory cytogenetic model: Cytogenetic studies have recorded a chromosome complement of 2n = 16 for A. atroviolaceum, and the relatively large chromosomes of Allium facilitate mitotic and meiotic observations. Root‑tip squashes of the species are used in teaching and research to illustrate chromosome morphology, counting, and karyotype analysis.
Standards and regulation:
- No species‑specific standards exist for Allium atroviolaceum, but the trade of ornamental Allium bulbs is subject to national and regional plant‑health regulations, such as the EU Plant Health Directive (EU 2016/2031) and the United States Department of Agriculture’s Plant Protection and Quarantine requirements.
- Phytosanitary certificates are required for export and import of live plant material; the species is not listed under CITES, indicating no additional trade restrictions.
Properties relevant to use:
- The deep violet coloration of the inflorescences is due to anthocyanin pigments, providing visual appeal for ornamental markets.
- The bulbs contain characteristic organosulfur compounds (cysteine sulfoxides) that confer a typical Allium flavor when consumed, though the species is not a major food crop.
- The tunicated, small bulb allows easy mechanical division, facilitating horticultural propagation without seed production, and the plant tolerates dry summer conditions, supporting low‑maintenance landscaping.
Sustainability and sourcing:
- In its native range (Turkey, Iran, and the Caucasus) A. atroviolaceum occurs in open grasslands and rocky slopes and is not currently listed as threatened. Wild collection of bulbs for ornamental or culinary use can exert localized pressure, so commercial production relies on cultivated bulb division, reducing pressure on natural populations.
- Horticultural suppliers recommend purchasing bulbs from certified nurseries that propagate vegetatively, thereby supporting sustainable sourcing and preventing depletion of wild stocks.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Allium ampeloprasum var. atroviolaceum | (Boiss.) Regel | Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3(2): 54. 1875 |
| Allium atroviolaceum var. firmotunicatum | (Fomin) Grossh. | Fl. Kavkaza ed. 2, 2: 120. 1940 |
| Allium atroviolaceum var. ruderale | Grossh. | Fl. Kavkaza ed. 2, 2: 120. 1940 |
| Allium firmotunicatum | Fomin | Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 14: 48 (1909) |
| Allium atroviolaceum var. caucasicum | Sommier & Levier | Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 16: 427. 1900 |
| Allium ampeloprasum subsp. atroviolaceum | (Boiss.) K.Richt. | Pl. Eur. 1: 201. 1890 (1890) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | broadleaf wild leek |
| Arabic | ثوم بنفسجي داكن |
| Bulgarian | чернолилав лук |
| Czech | česnek černofialový |
| Persian | آلیوم آترویلاکئوم |
| Armenian | Սոխ մուգ մանուշակագույն |
| Icelandic | glitlaukur |
| Georgian | ყანის ნიორი |
| Russian | Лук черно-фиолетовый |
| Russian | Лук чёрно-фиолетовый |
| Turkish | lifli körmen |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Arabian Peninsula
- Saudi Arabia
-
Caucasus
- North Caucasus
- Transcaucasus
-
Middle Asia
- Tadzhikistan
- Turkmenistan
- Uzbekistan
-
Western Asia
- Afghanistan
- Iran
- Iraq
- Lebanon-Syria
- Turkey
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Europe click to expand
-
Eastern Europe
- Krym
- Ukraine
-
Middle Europe
- Czechoslovakia
- Hungary
-
Southeastern Europe
- Bulgaria
- Greece
- Italy
- Romania
- Turkey-in-Europe
- Yugoslavia
-
Eastern Europe
-
Northern America click to expand
-
North-central U.S.A.
- Illinois
-
North-central U.S.A.
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000755727 |
| USDA Plants | ALAT3 |
| Tropicos | 18400008 |
| INPN | 161002 |
| Flora of Italy | 6918 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:527645-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-295082 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 782220 |
| Observations.org | 114230 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 165604 |
| IUCN Red List | 172241 |
| IPNI | 527645-1 |
| iNaturalist | 738854 |
| GBIF | 2857640 |
| Freebase | /m/0100lkb4 |
| EPPO | ALLAV |
| EOL | 1084268 |
| USDA GRIN | 2225 |
| Wikipedia | Allium_atroviolaceum |
| Plantarium | 1890 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (1R,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,15R,16R,18S,19R)-5'-(hydroxymethyl)-7,9,13-trimethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-15,16,19-triol | 102176244 | Click to see | 464.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350 |
| 5'-(Hydroxymethyl)-7,9,13-trimethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-15,16,19-triol | 73026822 | Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC(C5C4(CC(C(C5)O)O)C)O)C)OC16CCC(CO6)CO | 464.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350 |
| Atroviolacegenin | 11605097 | Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC(C5C4(CC(C(C5)O)O)C)O)C)OC16CCC(CO6)CO | 464.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins | |||||
| (1R,2S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,15R,16R,18S,19R)-16-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,15,19-triol | 162872041 | Click to see | 953.10 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350 |
| (1R,2S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,15R,16R,18S,19R)-16-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,15,19-triol | 162961018 | Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC(C5C4(CC(C(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(O8)(CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C)O)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O | 1101.20 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350 |
| (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,15R,16R,18S,19R)-15,19-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 162857126 | Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC(C6C5(CC(C(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)C)O)C)C)OC1 | 772.90 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350 |
| 16-[5-[3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[3-methyl-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,15,19-triol | 162961017 | Click to see | 1101.20 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350 |
| 2-[6-[15,19-Dihydroxy-5'-(hydroxymethyl)-7,9,13-trimethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 73030190 | Click to see | 788.90 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350 |
| Aginoside progenin | 14187140 | Click to see | 772.90 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350 |
| Ampeloside Bf2 | 14187146 | Click to see | 953.10 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350 |
| Atroviolaceoside | 11614761 | Click to see | 788.90 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350 |
| Tropeoside A1 | 44566258 | Click to see | 756.90 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350 |
| Tropeoside A2 | 44566259 | Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(C(CC(C5)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC7C(C(C(C(O7)C)O)O)O)O | 756.90 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350 |
| Tropeoside B1 | 44566260 | Click to see | 726.90 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350 |
| Tropeoside B2 | 44566261 | Click to see | 726.90 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Tyrosine and derivatives | |||||
| (2S)-2-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoylamino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid | 68789148 | Click to see | 357.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350 |
| 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoylamino]propanoic acid | 74346575 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CC(C(=O)O)NC(=O)C=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O | 327.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350 |
| N-(E)-Feruoyl-L-tyrosine amide | 46865641 | Click to see | 357.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350 |
| N-p-Coumaroyltyrosine | 15825666 | Click to see | 327.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / Retrochalcones | |||||
| 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one | 66738878 | Click to see | 270.28 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350 |
| 3-Methoxy-4,4'-dihydroxychalcone | 10659647 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=CC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O | 270.28 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |