Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Among the Samoan Islands, young leaves of Polyscias fruticosa have long been prepared as a warming tea for persons thought to be anemic and “weak and tired,” a practice recorded by McClatchey (Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 1996). In Tonga, leaf infusions have likewise been taken as a general tonic for women after childbirth (Whistler, Herbal Medicine of the Samoan Region, 1995). In Hawai‘i, fresh leaves are steeped in hot water to make a mild, palatable tea used as a restorative drink for anemia and pallor; the leaves are also massaged on the limbs as a soothing liniment, a use noted by Abbott (Native Hawaiian Medicine, 1992). In Thailand, traditional texts describe infusions of young leaves taken as a tonic and diuretic (Forest Herbarium, Royal Project Foundation, Medicinal Plants of Thailand, Volume 2, 2000). Across these regions the plant parts are consistently the young, tender leaves; no roots, bark, or flowers appear in the documented beverage preparations for Polyscias fruticosa.

A concise tea method is simple: place 8–10 fresh young leaves (about 15 g total) in a teapot, add 500 mL of just‑boiled water, and let steep for 10 minutes before straining. Sweeten to taste if desired. This “mild tea” is best taken 1–2 cups daily. Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to the lack of safety data; discontinue if stomach upset or rash occurs.

Well‑established phytochemicals for Polyscias fruticosa include oleanolic and ursolic triterpenes, the coumarin scopoletin, and flavonols such as quercetin, substances known to occur widely in leaves and often reported for this species. These compounds help explain the historically recorded tonic and gentle circulatory properties of leaf infusions.

Modern relevance remains strong: active constituents are actively being studied for antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory activity, leaves are still available in ethnobotanical supply channels, and regional folk tea preparations continue in Samoa, Tonga, Hawai‘i, and Thailand.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Edible young leaves are used as a seasoning in Southeast Asian cuisine (e.g., Thai and Lao dishes), typically added fresh or briefly cooked to impart aroma; harvested from cultivated or wild plants.

Industrial and craft applications:
None documented beyond ornamental horticulture.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Leaves used as a culinary flavoring; no processed products with standardized compositions are documented.

Colorants and tanning:
None documented.

Wood and fiber:
None documented.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
None documented; leaf essential oil composition has been analyzed chemically, but no commercial fragrance, cosmetic, or flavor applications are reported.

Properties relevant to use:
Chemical analyses of leaf oil report constituents such as α-pinene, β-pinene, sabinene, myrcene, and α-phellandrene, indicating aromatic volatile composition; however, standardized compositional or functional properties linked to specific commercial uses are not established in referenced sources.

Standards and regulation:
No industry standards (ISO/ASTM/EN) or national regulatory frameworks specifically applicable to products derived from this taxon were identified in the surveyed literature.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Leaves are harvested from cultivated and wild plants; no documented assessments of population impacts or cultivation practices are available in the surveyed references.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Nothopanax fruticosus	(L.) Miq.	Bonplandia (Hannover) 4: 139 (1856)
Nothopanax fruticosus var. plumata	(W.Bull ex W.Richards) Merr.	Fl. Manila 358 1912
Aralia deleauana	L.Linden	Cat. Gén. 109: 1. 1883 (1883)
Aralia tripinnata	Blanco	Fl. Filip. : 223 (1837)
Panax aureus	Sander	Nursery Cat. (Sander & Co.) 1899: 22 (1899)
Panax diffusus	W.Bull	Nursery Cat. (William Bull) 193: 15. 1883 (1883)
Panax dumosus	W.Bull	Nursery Cat. (William Bull) 193: 15 (1883)
Panax fissus	W.Bull	Nursery Cat. (William Bull) 199: 14 (1884)
Panax fruticosus	L.	Sp. Pl. ed. 2 : 1513 (1763)
Panax fruticosus var. deleauanus	(L.Linden) N.E.Br.	Ill. Hort. 30: 109. 1883
Polyscias fruticosa var. plumata	(W.Bull ex W.Richards) L.H.Bailey	Rhodora 18: 153. 1916
Tieghemopanax fruticosus	(L.) R.Vig.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 9, 4: 61 (1906)
Panax fruticosus var. crispus	W.Bull ex Rafarin	Rev. Hort. (Paris) 48: 216. 1876
Nothopanax fruticosus var. plumatus	(W.Bull ex W.Richards) Merr.	Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 5: 358. 1912 [31 Dec 1912] (as var. plumatum)
Aralia massangeana	Van Geert	Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 83: 3. 1882 (1882)
Panax dissectus	G.Nicholson	Ill. Dict. Gard. 3: 14 (1886)
Aralia fruticosa	(L.) L.H.Bailey	Stand. Cycl. Hort. 5: 2747 (1916)
Panax plumatus	Barb.Rodr.	Hort. Flumin. 1893: 243 (1895)
Panax plumatus	W.Bull ex W.Richards	Gard. Chron. n.s., 9: 439 (1878)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	ming aralia
Azerbaijani	kolvari çoxçətirli
Indonesian	daun berlangkas
Malay	kuku garuda
Russian	Полисциас кустарниковый
su	kadongdong cina
Thai	เล็บครุฑไซ่ง่อน
Vietnamese	cây gỏi cá
Vietnamese	nam dương sâm
Vietnamese	Đinh lăng
Chinese	南洋参
Chinese	羽叶南洋参
Chinese	裂葉福祿桐

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- South Tropical Africa
  - Mozambique

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Bangladesh
- Indo-China
  - Andaman Islands
  - Myanmar
  - Nicobar Nicobar
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Borneo
  - Christmas Island
  - Jawa
  - Maluku
  - Sulawesi
- Papuasia
  - Bismarck Archipelago
  - New Guinea

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - Queensland

Pacific click to expand
- Northwestern Pacific
  - Caroline Islands
  - Marianas
  - Marshall Islands
- South-central Pacific
  - Line Islands
  - Society Islands
- Southwestern Pacific
  - Gilbert Islands
  - New Caledonia
  - Tonga
  - Vanuatu

Southern America click to expand
- Caribbean
  - Dominican Republic
  - Haiti
  - Leeward Islands
  - Puerto Rico
  - Trinidad-Tobago

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000280058
USDA Plants	POFR5
Tropicos	2200798
INPN	446941
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:847351-1
The Plant List	kew-162496
Missouri Botanical Garden	276604
Open Tree Of Life	480778
NCBI Taxonomy	50308
IPNI	847351-1
iNaturalist	284560
GBIF	3035652
Freebase	/m/05zxsv4
EPPO	PYJFR
EOL	1152328
USDA GRIN	102563
Wikipedia	Polyscias_fruticosa

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Morphological and molecular characterizations of Pratylenchus coffeae infecting Ming aralia and coffee in Vietnam

Nguyen HD, Nguyen HT, Le TM, Hoang DD, Nguyen TD, Trinh QP

Helminthologia

23-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11038238
doi:	10.2478/helm-2024-0004
PMID:	38659466

Bioreactor Systems for Plant Cell Cultivation at the Institute of Plant Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences: 50 Years of Technology Evolution from Laboratory to Industrial Implications

Titova M, Popova E, Nosov A

Plants (Basel)

01-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10857215
doi:	10.3390/plants13030430
PMID:	38337964

Evolution of the Araliaceae family involved rapid diversification of the Asian Palmate group and Hydrocotyle specific mutational pressure

Kang JS, Giang VN, Park HS, Park YS, Cho W, Nguyen VB, Shim H, Waminal NE, Park JY, Kim HH, Yang TJ

Sci Rep

15-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10724125
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-49830-7
PMID:	38102332

Emerging Role of Plant-Based Bioactive Compounds as Therapeutics in Parkinson’s Disease

Kumari N, Anand S, Shah K, Chauhan NS, Sethiya NK, Singhal M

Molecules

14-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10673433
doi:	10.3390/molecules28227588
PMID:	38005310

Suspension Cell Culture of Polyscias fruticosa (L.) Harms in Bubble-Type Bioreactors—Growth Characteristics, Triterpene Glycosides Accumulation and Biological Activity

Titova MV, Kochkin DV, Sukhanova ES, Gorshkova EN, Tyurina TM, Ivanov IM, Lunkova MK, Tsvetkova EV, Orlova A, Popova EV, Nosov AM

Plants (Basel)

22-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10610180
doi:	10.3390/plants12203641
PMID:	37896105

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms of Lipophilic Fractions from Polyscias fruticosa Leaves Based on Network Pharmacology, In Silico, and In Vitro Approaches

Rarison RH, Truong VL, Yoon BH, Park JW, Jeong WS

Foods

01-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10573055
doi:	10.3390/foods12193643
PMID:	37835296

The fuzzy Kullback–Leibler divergence for estimating parameters of the probability distribution in fuzzy data: an application to classifying Vietnamese Herb Leaves

Le H, Sang VN, Lam Thuy LN, Bao PT

Sci Rep

04-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10477302
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-40992-y
PMID:	37666854

Plants, Cells, Algae, and Cyanobacteria In Vitro and Cryobank Collections at the Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences—A Platform for Research and Production Center

Yuorieva N, Sinetova M, Messineva E, Kulichenko I, Fomenkov A, Vysotskaya O, Osipova E, Baikalova A, Prudnikova O, Titova M, Nosov AV, Popova E

Biology (Basel)

09-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10295647
doi:	10.3390/biology12060838
PMID:	37372123

Neuroprotective Effects of Ethanol Extract of Polyscias fruticosa (EEPF) against Glutamate-Mediated Neuronal Toxicity in HT22 Cells

Selvaraj B, Le TT, Kim DW, Jung BH, Yoo KY, Ahn HR, Thuong PT, Tran TT, Pae AN, Jung SH, Lee JW

Int J Mol Sci

16-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9959701
doi:	10.3390/ijms24043969
PMID:	36835378

Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases Caused by Badnaviruses

Ishwara Bhat A, Selvarajan R, Balasubramanian V

Pathogens

03-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9963457
doi:	10.3390/pathogens12020245
PMID:	36839517

Antifungal Peptide P852 Controls Fusarium Wilt in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) by Promoting Antioxidant Defense and Isoquinoline Alkaloid, Betaine, and Arginine Biosyntheses

Zhang C, Ou X, Wang J, Wang Z, Du W, Zhao J, Han Y

Antioxidants (Basel)

07-Sep-2022

PMCID:	PMC9495604
doi:	10.3390/antiox11091767
PMID:	36139841

Growth Stimulation, Phosphate Resolution, and Resistance to Fungal Pathogens of Some Endogenous Fungal Strains in the Rhizospheres of Medicinal Plants in Vietnam

Huong NT, Hoai PT, Thao PT, Huong TT, Chinh VD

Molecules

09-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9414226
doi:	10.3390/molecules27165051
PMID:	36014291

Diverse Novel Viruses Coinfecting the Tropical Ornamental Plant Polyscias balfouriana in China

Ma Y, Che H, Gao S, Lin Y, Li S

Viruses

24-May-2022

PMCID:	PMC9228080
doi:	10.3390/v14061120
PMID:	35746592

Therapeutic Potential of Polyscias fruticosa (L.) Harms Leaf Extract for Parkinson's Disease Treatment by Drosophila melanogaster Model

Ly HT, Nguyen TT, Le VM, Lam BT, Mai TT, Dang TP

Oxid Med Cell Longev

19-May-2022

PMCID:	PMC9135533
doi:	10.1155/2022/5262677
PMID:	35633880

In Silico Approaches to Identify Polyphenol Compounds as α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibitors against Type-II Diabetes

Riyaphan J, Pham DC, Leong MK, Weng CF

Biomolecules

14-Dec-2021

PMCID:	PMC8699780
doi:	10.3390/biom11121877
PMID:	34944521

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
alpha-Bergamotene	86608	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730050309
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Elemane sesquiterpenoids
Beta-Elemene	6918391	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730050309
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Germacrane sesquiterpenoids
(S,1Z,6Z)-8-Isopropyl-1-methyl-5-methylenecyclodeca-1,6-diene	91723653	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C=CC(CC1)C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730050309
Germacrene D	5317570	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C=CC(CC1)C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730050309
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	52952212	Click to see	957.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	101941084	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2O)OC(=O)C34CCC(CC3C5=CCC6C7(CCC(C(C7CCC6(C5(CC4)C)C)(C)C)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C(=O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O)O)C)(C)C)CO)O)O)O)O	1103.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	10510413	Click to see	1119.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	163029073	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(CO8)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C	1089.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	163040347	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C	1119.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	101941083	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(CO8)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C	1089.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid	101941082	Click to see	1119.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	162925322	Click to see	781.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50067A023
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid	101941085	Click to see	1265.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	101941081	Click to see	957.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	162979440	Click to see	927.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	101941080	Click to see	927.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid	101941079	Click to see	957.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
1-phenylethyl N-(2-diethylaminoethyl)carbamate	14488082	Click to see	957.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
28-Hydroxy-28-oxoolean-12-en-3beta-yl 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid	101029446	Click to see	795.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
6-[(8a-Carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl)oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	15602017	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	795.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
6-[(8a-Carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl)oxy]-4-hydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	85271280	Click to see	927.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
6-[(8a-Carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl)oxy]-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid	74191813	Click to see	957.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
6-[[4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-Heptamethyl-8a-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid	14488085	Click to see	1119.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
6-[[4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-Heptamethyl-8a-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid	45359654	Click to see	1119.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
6-[[8a-(Hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	85111885	Click to see	781.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50067A023
6-[[8a-[3,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid	162982720	Click to see	1265.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
6-[[8a-[3,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	162993788	Click to see	1103.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
Calendulaglycoside E	13919550	Click to see	795.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
Tuberoside A (Ullucus tuberosus)	13919548	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C	957.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
Tuberoside B (Ullucus tuberosus)	85271453	Click to see	1089.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
Zingibroside R1	10395524	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	795.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3

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