Polyscias fruticosa, also known as Ming aralia, is a slow-growing evergreen shrub or dwarf tree native to India. It has dark green, glossy, tripinnate leaves that can reach up to 10 cm in length. This plant is widely cultivated in Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands, and there are about six actively cultivated species in the Polyscias genus. It belongs to the Araliaceae family, which includes popular house plants like English ivy and ginseng. The leaves of Polyscias fruticosa are used in Asian countries for medicinal purposes, as well as in cooking. Recent studies have shown that this plant has antibacterial and antifungal properties. When grown as a house plant, it requires full sun to partial shade and regular watering. Trimming can be done to maintain its desired height and shape, and as it ages, the lower branches die off, creating a unique and attractive appearance.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Nothopanax fruticosus	(L.) Miq.	Bonplandia (Hannover) 4: 139 (1856)
Nothopanax fruticosus var. plumata	(W.Bull ex W.Richards) Merr.	Fl. Manila 358 1912
Aralia deleauana	L.Linden	Cat. Gén. 109: 1. 1883 (1883)
Aralia tripinnata	Blanco	Fl. Filip. : 223 (1837)
Panax aureus	Sander	Nursery Cat. (Sander & Co.) 1899: 22 (1899)
Panax diffusus	W.Bull	Nursery Cat. (William Bull) 193: 15. 1883 (1883)
Panax dumosus	W.Bull	Nursery Cat. (William Bull) 193: 15 (1883)
Panax fissus	W.Bull	Nursery Cat. (William Bull) 199: 14 (1884)
Panax fruticosus	L.	Sp. Pl. ed. 2 : 1513 (1763)
Panax fruticosus var. deleauanus	(L.Linden) N.E.Br.	Ill. Hort. 30: 109. 1883
Polyscias fruticosa var. plumata	(W.Bull ex W.Richards) L.H.Bailey	Rhodora 18: 153. 1916
Tieghemopanax fruticosus	(L.) R.Vig.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 9, 4: 61 (1906)
Panax fruticosus var. crispus	W.Bull ex Rafarin	Rev. Hort. (Paris) 48: 216. 1876
Nothopanax fruticosus var. plumatus	(W.Bull ex W.Richards) Merr.	Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 5: 358. 1912 [31 Dec 1912] (as var. plumatum)
Aralia massangeana	Van Geert	Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 83: 3. 1882 (1882)
Panax dissectus	G.Nicholson	Ill. Dict. Gard. 3: 14 (1886)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	ming aralia
Azerbaijani	kolvari çoxçətirli
Indonesian	daun berlangkas
Malay	kuku garuda
su	kadongdong cina
Thai	เล็บครุฑไซ่ง่อน
Vietnamese	cây gỏi cá
Vietnamese	nam dương sâm
Vietnamese	Đinh lăng
Chinese	南洋参
Chinese	羽叶南洋参
Chinese	裂葉福祿桐

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- South Tropical Africa
  - Mozambique

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Bangladesh
- Indo-China
  - Andaman Islands
  - Myanmar
  - Nicobar Nicobar
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Borneo
  - Christmas Island
  - Jawa
  - Maluku
  - Sulawesi
- Papuasia
  - Bismarck Archipelago
  - New Guinea

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - Queensland

Pacific click to expand
- Northwestern Pacific
  - Caroline Islands
  - Marianas
  - Marshall Islands
- South-central Pacific
  - Line Islands
  - Society Islands
- Southwestern Pacific
  - Gilbert Islands
  - New Caledonia
  - Tonga
  - Vanuatu

Southern America click to expand
- Caribbean
  - Dominican Republic
  - Haiti
  - Leeward Islands
  - Puerto Rico
  - Trinidad-Tobago

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000280058
USDA Plants	POFR5
Tropicos	2200798
INPN	446941
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:847351-1
The Plant List	kew-162496
Missouri Botanical Garden	276604
Open Tree Of Life	480778
NCBI Taxonomy	50308
IPNI	847351-1
iNaturalist	284560
GBIF	3035652
Freebase	/m/05zxsv4
EPPO	PYJFR
EOL	1152328
USDA GRIN	102563
Wikipedia	Polyscias_fruticosa

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Bioreactor Systems for Plant Cell Cultivation at the Institute of Plant Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences: 50 Years of Technology Evolution from Laboratory to Industrial Implications

Titova M, Popova E, Nosov A

Plants (Basel)

01-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10857215
doi:	10.3390/plants13030430
PMID:	38337964

Evolution of the Araliaceae family involved rapid diversification of the Asian Palmate group and Hydrocotyle specific mutational pressure

Kang JS, Giang VN, Park HS, Park YS, Cho W, Nguyen VB, Shim H, Waminal NE, Park JY, Kim HH, Yang TJ

Sci Rep

15-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10724125
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-49830-7
PMID:	38102332

The fuzzy Kullback–Leibler divergence for estimating parameters of the probability distribution in fuzzy data: an application to classifying Vietnamese Herb Leaves

Le H, Sang VN, Lam Thuy LN, Bao PT

Sci Rep

04-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10477302
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-40992-y
PMID:	37666854

Plants, Cells, Algae, and Cyanobacteria In Vitro and Cryobank Collections at the Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences—A Platform for Research and Production Center

Yuorieva N, Sinetova M, Messineva E, Kulichenko I, Fomenkov A, Vysotskaya O, Osipova E, Baikalova A, Prudnikova O, Titova M, Nosov AV, Popova E

Biology (Basel)

09-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10295647
doi:	10.3390/biology12060838
PMID:	37372123

Neuroprotective Effects of Ethanol Extract of Polyscias fruticosa (EEPF) against Glutamate-Mediated Neuronal Toxicity in HT22 Cells

Selvaraj B, Le TT, Kim DW, Jung BH, Yoo KY, Ahn HR, Thuong PT, Tran TT, Pae AN, Jung SH, Lee JW

Int J Mol Sci

16-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9959701
doi:	10.3390/ijms24043969
PMID:	36835378

Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases Caused by Badnaviruses

Ishwara Bhat A, Selvarajan R, Balasubramanian V

Pathogens

03-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9963457
doi:	10.3390/pathogens12020245
PMID:	36839517

Antifungal Peptide P852 Controls Fusarium Wilt in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) by Promoting Antioxidant Defense and Isoquinoline Alkaloid, Betaine, and Arginine Biosyntheses

Zhang C, Ou X, Wang J, Wang Z, Du W, Zhao J, Han Y

Antioxidants (Basel)

07-Sep-2022

PMCID:	PMC9495604
doi:	10.3390/antiox11091767
PMID:	36139841

Growth Stimulation, Phosphate Resolution, and Resistance to Fungal Pathogens of Some Endogenous Fungal Strains in the Rhizospheres of Medicinal Plants in Vietnam

Huong NT, Hoai PT, Thao PT, Huong TT, Chinh VD

Molecules

09-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9414226
doi:	10.3390/molecules27165051
PMID:	36014291

Diverse Novel Viruses Coinfecting the Tropical Ornamental Plant Polyscias balfouriana in China

Ma Y, Che H, Gao S, Lin Y, Li S

Viruses

24-May-2022

PMCID:	PMC9228080
doi:	10.3390/v14061120
PMID:	35746592

Therapeutic Potential of Polyscias fruticosa (L.) Harms Leaf Extract for Parkinson's Disease Treatment by Drosophila melanogaster Model

Ly HT, Nguyen TT, Le VM, Lam BT, Mai TT, Dang TP

Oxid Med Cell Longev

19-May-2022

PMCID:	PMC9135533
doi:	10.1155/2022/5262677
PMID:	35633880

In Silico Approaches to Identify Polyphenol Compounds as α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibitors against Type-II Diabetes

Riyaphan J, Pham DC, Leong MK, Weng CF

Biomolecules

14-Dec-2021

PMCID:	PMC8699780
doi:	10.3390/biom11121877
PMID:	34944521

Traditional knowledge of medicinal plants on Gau Island, Fiji: differences between sixteen villages with unique characteristics of cultural value

Miyamoto K, Ehara H, Thaman R, Veitayaki J, Yoshida T, Kobayashi H

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

11-Oct-2021

PMCID:	PMC8507187
doi:	10.1186/s13002-021-00481-w
PMID:	34635130

The thionin family of antimicrobial peptides

Höng K, Austerlitz T, Bohlmann T, Bohlmann H

PLoS One

14-Jul-2021

PMCID:	PMC8279376
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0254549
PMID:	34260649

Kinetic Study on Chlorophyll and Antioxidant Activity from Polyscias fruticosa (L.) Harms Leaves via Microwave-Assisted Extraction

Nguyen TT, Nguyen QD, Nguyen TV

Molecules

21-Jun-2021

PMCID:	PMC8235075
doi:	10.3390/molecules26123761
PMID:	34205529

Traditional Medicinal Plants Conferring Protection Against Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma in Experimental Animals: A Review

Azman S, Sekar M, Bonam SR, Gan SH, Wahidin S, Lum PT, Dhadde SB

J Asthma Allergy

14-Jun-2021

PMCID:	PMC8214026
doi:	10.2147/JAA.S296391
PMID:	34163178

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
alpha-Bergamotene	86608	Click to see CC1=CCC2CC1C2(C)CCC=C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730050309
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Elemane sesquiterpenoids
Beta-Elemene	6918391	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC(C(C1)C(=C)C)(C)C=C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730050309
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Germacrane sesquiterpenoids
(S,1Z,6Z)-8-Isopropyl-1-methyl-5-methylenecyclodeca-1,6-diene	91723653	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C=CC(CC1)C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730050309
Germacrene D	5317570	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C=CC(CC1)C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730050309
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	52952212	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C	957.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	101941084	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2O)OC(=O)C34CCC(CC3C5=CCC6C7(CCC(C(C7CCC6(C5(CC4)C)C)(C)C)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C(=O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O)O)C)(C)C)CO)O)O)O)O	1103.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	10510413	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C	1119.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	163029073	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(CO8)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C	1089.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	163040347	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C	1119.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	101941083	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(CO8)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C	1089.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid	101941082	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C	1119.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	162925322	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)CO)C	781.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50067A023
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid	101941085	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2O)OC(=O)C34CCC(CC3C5=CCC6C7(CCC(C(C7CCC6(C5(CC4)C)C)(C)C)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C(=O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)C)(C)C)CO)O)O)O)O	1265.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	101941081	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	957.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	162979440	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(CO8)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	927.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	101941080	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(CO8)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	927.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid	101941079	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	957.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
(3beta)-17-Carboxy-28-norolean-12-en-3-yl 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid	101029446	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	795.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
6-[(8a-Carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl)oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	15602017	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	795.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
6-[(8a-Carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl)oxy]-4-hydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	85271280	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(CO8)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	927.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
6-[(8a-Carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl)oxy]-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid	74191813	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	957.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
6-[[4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-Heptamethyl-8a-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid	14488085	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C	1119.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
6-[[4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-Heptamethyl-8a-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid	45359654	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C	1119.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
6-[[8a-(Hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	85111885	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)CO)C	781.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50067A023
6-[[8a-[3,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid	162982720	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2O)OC(=O)C34CCC(CC3C5=CCC6C7(CCC(C(C7CCC6(C5(CC4)C)C)(C)C)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C(=O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)C)(C)C)CO)O)O)O)O	1265.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
6-[[8a-[3,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	162993788	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2O)OC(=O)C34CCC(CC3C5=CCC6C7(CCC(C(C7CCC6(C5(CC4)C)C)(C)C)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C(=O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O)O)C)(C)C)CO)O)O)O)O	1103.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
Calendulaglycoside E	13919550	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	795.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
Elatoside I	14488082	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	957.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
Tuberoside A (Ullucus tuberosus)	13919548	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C	957.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
Tuberoside B (Ullucus tuberosus)	85271453	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(CO8)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C	1089.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3
Zingibroside R1	10395524	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	795.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00618-3

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