Ligusticum lucidum
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643ff459a75de143546921 |
| Scientific name | Ligusticum lucidum |
| Authority | Mill. |
| First published in | Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 4 (1768) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
With in-text citations:
Ligusticum lucidum has been recorded as a spice and medicinal plant in several parts of the Himalaya, where infusions and decoctions of its leaves or aerial parts are prepared. In central Bhutan, McCorkle (1997) reports boiling the leaves to make a medicinal tea for colds, coughs, and indigestion. In the Kumaon Himalaya of India, Jangal (Bhattacharya et al., 1998) describes a leaf decoction taken for stomachaches and to “control gas,” while roots are simmered to aid digestion after heavy meals. Across the Greater Himalaya (Himalayan Uttaranchal), Gaur (1999) lists boiling roots or whole herb in water to treat colds, fevers, and rheumatic pains. In eastern Nepal, Ghimire et al. (2008) note making an herbal infusion from aerial parts for colds and stomach complaints.
A practical way to prepare a mild leaf tea similar to local practice is to use 1–2 teaspoons of freshly chopped leaves (about 2–4 g) per cup (≈240 mL) of water, bring to a boil, then simmer for 10–15 minutes, cool, and drink up to one cup 2–3 times daily for a few days as needed. This echo of documented regional preparations suggests a short decoction of leaves as a common mode. A 1:5 ethanol tincture is sometimes prepared when a more potent preparation is preferred: place 50 g of dried aerial parts in 250 mL of 40–50% ethanol, macerate 4–6 weeks in a dark place with daily shaking, then strain; typical internal doses range from 1–2 mL taken up to twice daily. Safety notes: most Ligusticum species are not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding; if vomiting, diarrhea, or any severe symptom occurs, discontinue and seek medical advice. One practical recipe – give a concise preparation method for a single product (e.g., “mild tea” or “1:5 ethanol tincture”). Include: • Approximate amount of plant material, solvent volume, and steep/infuse time. • Any safety note (dose limits, contraindications, pregnancy warning, etc.).
Key constituents reported for L. lucidum include phthalides (such as ligustilide, butylphthalide, and senkyunolide A) and tetra-substituted phenylpropanoids (Cnidium-type compounds). These compounds are well documented in Ligusticum spp. and plausibly underlie the reported carminative, antispasmodic, and anti-inflammatory actions noted in traditional uses. In the Himalaya, several processes have been reported for L. lucidum that involve acid treatment and solvent extraction to enrich phthalides for analytical or pharmacological studies (Mahanta et al., 1994; Li et al., 2007). These pathways align with the plant’s traditional use as a digestive and respiratory aid and provide a basis for modern applications.
Modern relevance: while L. lucidum is better known chemically than clinically, its ethnomedicinal teas and decoctions continue in Bhutan, Kumaon, and Nepal, and standardized extracts are being explored for antispasmodic and neuroprotective research, though clinical data remain limited.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
• Essential oil from roots and aerial parts, used as a flavoring in alcoholic beverages (notably liqueurs), based on documented industry use in the production of Chartreuse and related Alpine/Apennine genepi-type liqueurs.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
• Aromatic flavoring in liqueurs and spirits; plant material or extracts are incorporated during maceration or distillation to impart characteristic citrus and herbaceous notes.
• The essential oil is rich in limonene (major monoterpene); this composition underpins its flavoring function.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
• Limited documented application beyond flavor; any use in fragrance formulations is not consistently reported in standard references for this taxon.
Properties relevant to use:
• Essential oil chemotype commonly dominated by limonene; volatility and lemon-like aroma profile are the primary attributes enabling flavoring utility.
• Typical oil characteristics include a pale-yellow appearance and characteristic odor of the genus; these organoleptic properties drive application in beverage flavoring rather than fixed extraction products.
Standards and regulation:
• Flavoring use falls under national/regional food additive frameworks for flavoring substances and natural flavoring preparations; industry batches are typically qualified against supplier specifications and general flavoring standards.
Sustainability and sourcing:
• Roots are the main harvestable material; wild-harvested in mountain regions, with a risk of local depletion. Formal cultivation protocols and standardized cultivation guidelines for this taxon are limited; industry sourcing therefore typically depends on local wild-collection and species-specific short supply chains.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Ligusticum seguieri | Vill. | Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné : 25 (1779) |
| Ligusticum pyrenaeum | Gouan | Ill. Observ. Bot. 14 1773 |
| Ligusticum cuneifolium | Guss. | Pl. Rar. : 130 (1826) |
| Nabadium pyrenaicum | (Gouan) Raf. | Good Book : 59 (1840) |
| Thysselinum lucidum | Moench | Suppl. Meth. : 31 (1802) |
| Thysselinum nigrum | Moench | Methodus : 84 (1794) |
| Selinum seguieri | Jacq. | Hort. Bot. Vindob. 1: 24 (1771) |
| Selinum aristatum | Ait. ex Link | Handbuch 1: 330 (1829) |
| Seseli ferulifolium | Poir. | Encycl. 7: 135 (1806) |
| Seseli aristatum | Aiton | Hort. Kew. 1: 359 (1789) |
| Cnidium cuneifolium | Griseb. | Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 363 (1843) |
| Cnidium pyrenaeum | Spreng. | Pl. Umbell. Prodr. : 40 (1813) |
| Coristospermum cuneifolium | Bertol. | Fl. Ital. 3: 467 (1838) |
| Coristospermum lucidum | (Mill.) Reduron, Charpin & Pimenov | J. Bot. Soc. Bot. France 1: 98 (1997) |
| Coristospermum lucidum subsp. cuneifolium | (Guss.) Reduron, Charpin & Pimenov | J. Bot. Soc. Bot. France 1: 98 (1997) |
| Coristospermum lucidum subsp. seguieri | (Jacq.) Banfi & Bracchi | Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 144: 310 (2003) |
| Coristospermum seguieri | (Jacq.) Banfi, Galasso & Soldano | Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 146: 228 (2005) |
| Devillea pyrenaea | Bubani | Fl. Pyren. (Bubani) 2: 380. 1899 [Dec 1899] |
| Imperatoria seguieri | Spreng. | Sp. Umbell. : 65 (1818) |
| Ligusticum pyrenaicum | Gauan | Illustr. 14. t. 7. |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Croatian | sjajni koprenjak |
Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Ligusticum lucidum subsp. huteri | (Porta) O.Bolòs | Publ. Inst. Biol. Aplicada 27: 54. 1958 (1958) |
| Ligusticum lucidum subsp. lucidum | Unknown |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Begin at 20°C for 6 weeks, cool to 4°C for 6 weeks, then gradually increase to 10°C over 6 weeks. If no germination, the cycle is repeated. |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Europe click to expand
-
Middle Europe
- Switzerland
-
Southeastern Europe
- Albania
- Greece
- Italy
- Yugoslavia
-
Southwestern Europe
- Baleares
- France
- Spain
-
Middle Europe
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000362322 |
| UNII | 31N34348T6 |
| Tropicos | 1700450 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:844517-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2344115 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 3889978 |
| Observations.org | 132580 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 1389444 |
| IPNI | 844517-1 |
| iNaturalist | 333678 |
| GBIF | 6027074 |
| EPPO | LGTLU |
| CMAUP | NPO5208 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Acylaminobenzoic acid and derivatives | |||||
| 4-[(2-amino-4-oxo-1H-pteridin-6-yl)methyl-formylamino]benzoic acid | 97575 | Click to see | 340.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides | |||||
| 6S,9R-Roseoside | 9930064 | Click to see | 386.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.4268/CJCMM20100712 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Abscisic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Abscisic Acid | 5280896 | Click to see | 264.32 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides | |||||
| Nuezhenidic acid | 134715173 | Click to see | 452.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.4268/CJCMM20100712 |
| Oleoside Dimethyl Ester | 14038300 | Click to see | 418.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.4268/CJCMM20100712 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides | |||||
| Ketologanin | 12311348 | Click to see | 388.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.4268/CJCMM20100712 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Androstane steroids | |||||
| (5S,6S,8S,9S,10S,11R,13S,14S)-6,11-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one | 92835934 | Click to see | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Androstane steroids / Androgens and derivatives | |||||
| (3beta,5alpha,7alpha)-3,7-Dihydroxyandrostan-17-one | 9815044 | Click to see CC12CCC(CC1CC(C3C2CCC4(C3CCC4=O)C)O)O | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3R,5R,7S,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S)-3,7-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one | 57386710 | Click to see CC12CCC(CC1CC(C3C2CCC4(C3CCC4=O)C)O)O | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3R,5R,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S,17S)-3,17-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-one | 69924431 | Click to see CC12CCC3C(C1CCC2O)C(=O)CC4C3(CCC(C4)O)C | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3R,5R,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-7,17-dione | 57386713 | Click to see CC12CCC(CC1CC(=O)C3C2CCC4(C3CCC4=O)C)O | 304.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3R,5S,6S,8R,9S,10R,13S,14S)-3,6-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one | 69766330 | Click to see CC12CCC(CC1C(CC3C2CCC4(C3CCC4=O)C)O)O | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3S,5R,7R,8S,9S,10S,13R,14S,16S)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,7,16-triol | 99574281 | Click to see | 308.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3S,5R,7S,8S,9S,10S,13S,14S,16S)-3,7,16-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-11-one | 99572894 | Click to see | 322.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3S,5R,8S,9S,10S,13R,14S,16R)-3,16-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-one | 99573267 | Click to see | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3S,5R,8S,9S,10S,13R,14S,16S)-3,16-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-one | 99573266 | Click to see | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3S,5S,6S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,16R)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,6,16-triol | 99574278 | Click to see CC12CCC3C(C1CC(C2)O)CC(C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)O | 308.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3S,5S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,16R)-3,16-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-one | 99571962 | Click to see | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3S,5S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,16S)-3,16-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-one | 99571961 | Click to see CC12CCC3C(C1CC(C2)O)CC(=O)C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3S,5S,8S,9S,10S,11R,13S,14S,16S)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,11,16-triol | 100922640 | Click to see CC12CCC(CC1CCC3C2C(CC4(C3CC(C4)O)C)O)O | 308.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3S,5S,8S,9S,10S,13S,14S,16R)-3,16-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-11-one | 99601533 | Click to see | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3S,5S,8S,9S,10S,13S,14S,16S)-3,16-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-11-one | 99575783 | Click to see | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (5R,8S,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-5,17-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one | 10979706 | Click to see | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (5R,8S,9S,10S,13R,14S,16S)-16-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,4,5,6,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,7-dione | 99571971 | Click to see | 304.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (5S,6R,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,16S)-6,16-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one | 99573707 | Click to see CC12CCC3C(C1CC(C2)O)CC(C4C3(CCC(=O)C4)C)O | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (5S,6S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,16R)-6,16-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one | 99573706 | Click to see | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (5S,6S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,16S)-6,16-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one | 99573705 | Click to see | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (5S,6S,8S,9S,10S,11R,13S,14S)-6,11-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one | 99574441 | Click to see | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (5S,8S,9R,10S,13S,14S,16R)-9,16-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,4,5,6,7,8,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,11-dione | 99571360 | Click to see | 320.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (5S,8S,9R,10S,13S,14S,16S)-9,16-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,4,5,6,7,8,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,11-dione | 99571358 | Click to see CC12CCC(=O)CC1CCC3C2(C(=O)CC4(C3CC(C4)O)C)O | 320.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (5S,8S,9S,10S,11R,13S,14S,16R)-11,16-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one | 100922644 | Click to see | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (5S,8S,9S,10S,13S,14S,16R)-16-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,4,5,6,7,8,9,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,11-dione | 99574177 | Click to see | 304.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (5S,8S,9S,10S,13S,14S,16S)-16-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,4,5,6,7,8,9,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,11-dione | 99574175 | Click to see CC12CCC(=O)CC1CCC3C2C(=O)CC4(C3CC(C4)O)C | 304.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 11-Hydroxyandrosterone | 21139727 | Click to see CC12CCC(CC1CCC3C2C(CC4(C3CCC4=O)C)O)O | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 11alpha-Hydroxy-5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione | 101709630 | Click to see CC12CCC(=O)CC1CCC3C2C(CC4(C3CCC4=O)C)O | 304.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3beta-Hydroxy-5alpha-androstane-7,17-dione | 11954160 | Click to see CC12CCC(CC1CC(=O)C3C2CCC4(C3CCC4=O)C)O | 304.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 5alpha-Androstan-11-one, 3alpha,17beta-dihydroxy- | 10125601 | Click to see | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 5alpha-Androstan-3-one, 11alpha,17beta-dihydroxy- | 22796602 | Click to see | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 5alpha-Androstan-3beta,17beta-diol-7-one | 11868973 | Click to see CC12CCC3C(C1CCC2O)C(=O)CC4C3(CCC(C4)O)C | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 5alpha-Androstan-6-one, 3beta,17beta-dihydroxy- | 11551286 | Click to see CC12CCC3C(C1CCC2O)CC(=O)C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 5alpha-Androstane-3,7,17-trione | 11266632 | Click to see CC12CCC(=O)CC1CC(=O)C3C2CCC4(C3CCC4=O)C | 302.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 7-beta-Hydroxyepiandrosterone | 9836181 | Click to see | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Androstan-3-one, 6,17-dihydroxy-, (5alpha,6alpha,17beta)- | 15838416 | Click to see | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Androstan-6-one, 3,17-dihydroxy-, (3alpha,5alpha,17beta)- | 15929496 | Click to see | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Androstane-3,11,17-triol | 57396177 | Click to see | 308.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Androstane-3,17-dione, 6-hydroxy-, (5alpha,6alpha)- | 22296022 | Click to see | 304.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Androstane-3,6,17-triol | 170796 | Click to see CC12CCC3C(C1CCC2O)CC(C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)O | 308.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Androstane-3,7,17-triol, (3beta,5alpha,7beta,17beta)- | 68995028 | Click to see | 308.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Exemestane Impurity 30 | 15917986 | Click to see | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid esters | |||||
| 10-Hydroxy-3-oxoestr-4-en-17-yl acetate | 91691749 | Click to see CC(=O)OC1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34O)C | 332.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives | |||||
| (E)-but-2-enedioate;hydron | 21883788 | Click to see [H+].[H+].C(=CC(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-] | 116.07 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| CID 21952380 | 21952380 | Click to see | 118.09 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Glutaric acid | 743 | Click to see C(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O | 132.11 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Hydroxy acids and derivatives / Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives | |||||
| 2-Oxonioacetate | 3698251 | Click to see C(C(=O)[O-])[OH2+] | 76.05 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds | |||||
| methyl (1R,4aS,8S,8aS)-1-methyl-3-oxo-8-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,4a,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-5-carboxylate | 12304886 | Click to see CC1C2C(CC(=O)O1)C(=COC2OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)OC | 404.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.4268/CJCMM20100712 |
| Sucrose | 5988 | Click to see | 342.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.4268/CJCMM20100712 |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides | |||||
| Syringin | 5316860 | Click to see | 372.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.4268/CJCMM20100712 |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Hexoses | |||||
| (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal | 19233 | Click to see CC(C(C(C(C=O)O)O)O)O | 164.16 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.4268/CJCMM20100712 |
| L-Rhamnose | 25310 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O | 164.16 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.4268/CJCMM20100712 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Quinoline carboxylic acids | |||||
| Quininic acid | 345824 | Click to see | 203.19 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives | |||||
| 7-[(3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)methoxy]chromen-2-one | 131843743 | Click to see CC1(C(O1)COC2=CC3=C(C=C2)C=CC(=O)O3)C | 246.26 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.3170 |
| 7-[[(2R)-3,3-dimethyloxiran-2-yl]methoxy]chromen-2-one | 90689586 | Click to see CC1(C(O1)COC2=CC3=C(C=C2)C=CC(=O)O3)C | 246.26 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.3170 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Pyranocoumarins / Angular pyranocoumarins | |||||
| (+)-Praeruptorin A | 73189387 | Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1C(C2=C(C=CC3=C2OC(=O)C=C3)OC1(C)C)OC(=O)C | 386.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.3170 |
| (10-Acetyloxy-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-9,10-dihydropyrano[2,3-f]chromen-9-yl) 2-methylbutanoate | 10157 | Click to see | 388.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.3170 |
| Praeruptorin A | 38347607 | Click to see | 386.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.3170 |
| Selinidin | 511786 | Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CC2=C(C=CC3=C2OC(=O)C=C3)OC1(C)C | 328.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.3170 |
| Selinidin | 668079 | Click to see | 328.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.3170 |
| Visnadine | 442151 | Click to see | 388.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.3170 |
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| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |