Spirodela polyrhiza - Unknown
Part: Unknown
Author: Public Domain - WikiMedia

Spirodela polyrhiza - Unknown
Part: Unknown
Author: Public Domain - WikiMedia

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Details Top

Internal ID UUID643fed4573d36351180625
Scientific name Spirodela polyrhiza
Authority (L.) Schleid.
First published in Linnaea 13: 392 (1839)

Description Top

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In summary, Spirodela polyrhiza is a species of duckweed that can be found in freshwater habitats around the world. It is a fast-growing plant that forms dense colonies on the water surface. Its main uses include bioremediation, biofuel production, and animal feed. It has the ability to hyperaccumulate heavy metals and remove pollutants from wastewater. While it is not commonly used for human consumption due to concerns about heavy metal accumulation, it has potential for use in bioethanol production and as a feed for small-scale agriculture.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Lemna bannatica Waldst. & Kit. ex Schleid. Linnaea 13: 392 (1839)
Lemna major Griff. Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 216 (1851)
Lemna maxima Blatt. & Hallb. J. Indian Bot. 2: 49 (1921)
Lemna orbicularis Kit. ex Schult. Oestr. Fl. , ed. 2, 1: 64 (1814)
Lemna orbiculata Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. 1832 , 3: 565 (1832)
Lemna polyrhiza L. Sp. Pl. : 970 (1753)
Lemna thermalis P.Beauv. ex Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 19 (1818)
Lemna transsilvanica Schur Enum. Pl. Transsilv. : 635 (1866)
Lemna umbonata A.Braun ex Hegelm. Lemnac. : 156 (1868)
Lenticula polyrhiza (L.) Lam. Fl. Franç. 2: 189 (1779)
Spirodela atropurpurea Friche-Joset & Montandon Syn. Fl. Jura 309. 1856
Spirodela maxima (Blatt. & Hallb.) McCann J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 43: 158 (1942)
Spirodela polyrrhiza var. masonii Daubs Illinois Biol. Monogr. 34: 13 1965
Telmatophace orbicularis (Kit. ex Schult.) Schur Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 70 (1853)
Telmatophace polyrhiza (L.) Godr. Fl. Lorraine 3: 18 (1844)
Lemna polyrrhiza var. concolor Kurz J. Bot. 5: 115 1867
Lemna obcordata P.Beauv. Numer. List [Wallich] n. 5201 (Quid ?). [1831-32]
Lemna thermalis P.Beauv. J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 82: 102, 113 1816

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English giant duckweed
English great duckmeat
English great duckweed
English greater duckweed
Spanish lenteja de agua
Arabic عدس الماء
Azerbaijani adi üzgəcotu
Belarusian Многакарэннік звычайны
Bulgarian многокоренчеста спиродела
Czech závitka mnohokořenná
Welsh llinad mawr
German vielwurzelige teichlinse
German vielwurzlige teichlinse
Estonian hulgajuurine vesilääts
Persian عدسک آبی پرریشه
Finnish isolimaska
Finnish silmuisolimaska
French lenticule à plusieurs racines
French lentille deau à plusieurs racines
Upper Sorbian mnohokorjenaty křěk
Armenian Բադիճուռ
Armenian բազմարմատիկ
Icelandic vatnadoppa
Japanese
Japanese 浮草
Japanese ウキクサ
Korean 개구리밥
Lithuanian daugiašakė maurė
Macedonian Меѓукоренеста спиродела
Dutch veelwortelig kroos
Norwegian Nynorsk storandemat
Punjab بطخ بوٹی
Slovak spirodelka mnohokoreňová
Swedish stor andmat
Thai แหนเป็ดใหญ่
Chinese 紫萍
Chinese 浮萍
Chinese 水萍

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • East Tropical Africa
      • Kenya
      • Tanzania
      • Uganda
    • Macaronesia
      • Madeira
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Chad
      • Ethiopia
      • Sudan
    • Northern Africa
      • Egypt
      • Morocco
      • Tunisia
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Malawi
      • Mozambique
      • Zambia
      • Zimbabwe
    • Southern Africa
      • Botswana
      • Free State
      • Kwazulu-Natal
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Benin
      • Ghana
      • Ivory Coast
      • Nigeria
      • Senegal
      • Togo
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Burundi
      • Central African Republic
      • Congo
      • Rwanda
      • Zaïre
  • Asia-temperate
    • Caucasus
      • North Caucasus
      • Transcaucasus
    • China
      • China North-central
      • China South-central
      • China Southeast
      • Manchuria
      • Qinghai
    • Eastern Asia
      • Japan
      • Korea
      • Taiwan
    • Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan
    • Russian Far East
      • Kamchatka
      • Khabarovsk
      • Kuril Islands
      • Primorye
      • Sakhalin
    • Siberia
      • Altay
      • Buryatiya
      • Irkutsk
      • Krasnoyarsk
      • Tuva
      • West Siberia
      • Yakutskiya
    • Western Asia
      • Iran
      • Lebanon-Syria
      • Palestine
      • Turkey
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Bangladesh
      • India
      • Nepal
      • Sri Lanka
      • West Himalaya
    • Indo-China
      • Thailand
    • Malesia
      • Borneo
      • Christmas Island
      • Cocos (keeling) Islands
      • Jawa
      • Lesser Sunda Islands
      • Malaya
      • Maluku
      • Philippines
      • Sulawesi
      • Sumatera
  • Australasia
    • Australia
      • New South Wales
      • Norfolk Island
      • Northern Territory
      • Queensland
      • South Australia
      • Victoria
      • Western Australia
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Baltic States
      • Belarus
      • Central European Russia
      • East European Russia
      • North European Russia
      • Northwest European Russia
      • South European Russia
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Belgium
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Netherlands
      • Poland
      • Switzerland
    • Northern Europe
      • Denmark
      • Finland
      • Great Britain
      • Ireland
      • Norway
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Bulgaria
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Kriti
      • Romania
      • Sicilia
      • Turkey-in-Europe
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Corse
      • France
      • Portugal
      • Sardegna
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • New Brunswick
      • Nova Scotia
      • Prince Edward Island
      • Québec
    • Mexico
      • Mexican Pacific Islands
      • Mexico Central
      • Mexico Gulf
      • Mexico Northeast
      • Mexico Northwest
      • Mexico Southeast
      • Mexico Southwest
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
      • Iowa
      • Kansas
      • Minnesota
      • Missouri
      • Nebraska
      • North Dakota
      • Oklahoma
      • South Dakota
      • Wisconsin
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut
      • Indiana
      • Maine
      • Massachusetts
      • Michigan
      • New Hampshire
      • New Jersey
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Pennsylvania
      • Rhode Island
      • Vermont
      • West Virginia
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Colorado
      • Idaho
      • Montana
      • Oregon
      • Washington
      • Wyoming
    • South-central U.S.A.
      • New Mexico
      • Texas
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama
      • Arkansas
      • Delaware
      • District Of Columbia
      • Florida
      • Georgia
      • Kentucky
      • Louisiana
      • Maryland
      • Mississippi
      • North Carolina
      • South Carolina
      • Tennessee
      • Virginia
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • Arizona
      • California
      • Nevada
      • Utah
    • Western Canada
      • Alberta
      • British Columbia
      • Manitoba
      • Saskatchewan
  • Southern America
    • Caribbean
      • Cuba
      • Dominican Republic
      • Haiti
      • Jamaica
      • Leeward Islands
      • Puerto Rico
      • Trinidad-Tobago
      • Windward Islands
    • Central America
      • Belize
      • Central American Pacific
      • Costa Rica
      • El Salvador
      • Guatemala
      • Honduras
      • Nicaragua
      • Panamá
    • Western South America
      • Colombia
      • Ecuador
      • Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000313527
UNII BJS9J628MG
Florida Plant Atlas 947
Flora of Alabama 4387
Canadensys 6493
USDA Plants SPPO
Tropicos 18100004
INPN 124707
Flora of Italy 7870
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:526250-1
The Plant List kew-194600
Open Tree Of Life 814207
Observations.org 7512
NCBI Taxonomy 29656
NBN Atlas NHMSYS0000463934
Nature Serve 2.145456
IUCN Red List 164229
IPNI 526250-1
iNaturalist 57867
GBIF 4097481
Freebase /m/0crj3qv
WisFlora 5140
EPPO SPIPO
Elurikkus 466259
Calflora (Californian flora) 11091
USDA GRIN 400337
Wikipedia Spirodela_polyrhiza
CMAUP NPO25547

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
Accession Assembly
Name Level Submitter Released Coverage Size
GCA_024713555.1 Salk_sp9512.v2 Chromosome The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 2022-10-03 60.0x 133.94 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
The complete chloroplast genome assembly of Amorphophallus tonkinensis Engler and Gehrmann 1911 from southwestern China Yin S, Chen H, Wu W, Gao Y Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 06-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11075652
doi:10.1080/23802359.2024.2349771
PMID:38716393
Characterization of Bioactive Metabolites and Antioxidant Activities in Solid and Liquid Fractions of Fresh Duckweed (Wolffia globosa) Subjected to Different Cell Wall Rupture Methods Yadav NK, Patel AB, Debbarma S, Priyadarshini MB, Priyadarshi H ACS Omega 23-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11080017
doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c09674
PMID:38737040
Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of the NRAMP gene family in the AC genomes of Brassica species Zhao Y, Xie Q, Yang Q, Cui J, Tan W, Zhang D, Xiang J, Deng L, Guo Y, Li M, Liu L, Yan M BMC Plant Biol 23-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11036763
doi:10.1186/s12870-024-04981-1
PMID:38649805
Contrasting patterns of 5S rDNA repeats in European and Asian ecotypes of greater duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza (Lemnaceae) Chen G, Stepanenko A, Borisjuk N Front Plant Sci 22-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11070557
doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1378683
PMID:38711607
The complete chloroplast genome assembly of Amorphophallus kiusianus makino 1913 (araceae) from Southern China Gao Y, Yin S Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 16-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11022911
doi:10.1080/23802359.2024.2342934
PMID:38634040
The Characterization of G-Quadruplexes in Tobacco Genome and Their Function under Abiotic Stress Song K, Li B, Li H, Zhang R, Zhang X, Luan R, Liu Y, Yang L Int J Mol Sci 14-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11050182
doi:10.3390/ijms25084331
PMID:38673916
Community structure of endophytic bacteria of Sargassum thubergii in the intertidal zone of Qingdao in China Li Y, Wang J, Sun T, Yu X, Yang Z, Zhao Y, Tang X, Xiao H AMB Express 13-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11016019
doi:10.1186/s13568-024-01688-2
PMID:38615116
Wetland vegetation composition and ecology of Lake Abaya in southern Ethiopia Gojamme DU PLoS One 10-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11006174
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0301795
PMID:38598506
Assembly and analysis of the chloroplast genome of Amorphophallus kachinensis Engler & Gehrmann (Araceae) from Southwestern China: implications for conservation and utilization Gao Y, Yin S Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 03-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC10993747
doi:10.1080/23802359.2024.2338550
PMID:38586510
The traditional uses, pharmacology, and phytochemistry of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn Wang Q, Sun Q, Huang Q, Qin L, Zhu B Front Pharmacol 03-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11021687
doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1352657
PMID:38633612
Evaluation of the Aquatic Toxicity of Several Triazole Fungicides Boros BV, Roman DL, Isvoran A Metabolites 02-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11051906
doi:10.3390/metabo14040197
PMID:38668325
From Flora to Pharmaceuticals: 100 new additions to angiosperms of Gafargaon subdistrict in Bangladesh and unraveling antidiabetic drug candidates targeting DPP4 through in silico approach Ahmed SS, Rahman MO PLoS One 29-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10980240
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0301348
PMID:38551991
Genetic Mechanism of Non-Targeted-Site Resistance to Diquat in Spirodela polyrhiza Höfer M, Schäfer M, Wang Y, Wink S, Xu S Plants (Basel) 14-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10975167
doi:10.3390/plants13060845
PMID:38592881
Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Wolffia arrhiza and comparative genomic analysis with relative Wolffia species Park H, Park JH, Kang YJ Sci Rep 11-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10928178
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-56394-7
PMID:38467810
Attenuation of photosynthesis in nanosilver-treated Arabidopsis thaliana is inherently linked to the particulate nature of silver Mays V, Smith N, Pham C, White M, Wu Q, Berry J, Linan A, Alexander Wait D, Kovacs L Heliyon 07-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10950886
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27583
PMID:38509917

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters / Fatty acid methyl esters
Methyl Laurate 8139 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC 214.34 unknown via CMAUP database
Methyl palmitate 8181 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC 270.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
Methyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate 8840 Click to see CCCCCCC(CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC)O 314.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty amides
Erucamide 5365371 Click to see CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N 337.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Oleamide 5283387 Click to see CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)N 281.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Apigenin 5280443 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O 270.24 unknown via CMAUP database
Luteolin 5280445 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O 286.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides
Isovitexin 162350 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 432.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides
Homo-orientin 5382105 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Orientin 5281675 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Vitexin 5280441 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 432.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 44257792 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 432.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Apigenin 7-O-glucoside 5385553 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 432.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Apigenin-7-O-Glucoside 12304093 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 432.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Apigetrin 5280704 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 432.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Luteolin 7-O-glucoside 5280637 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown via CMAUP database

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Collections Top

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