Spirodela polyrhiza - Unknown
Part: Unknown
Author: Public Domain - WikiMedia

Spirodela polyrhiza - Unknown
Part: Unknown
Author: Public Domain - WikiMedia

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Details Top

Internal ID UUID643fed4573d36351180625
Scientific name Spirodela polyrhiza
Authority (L.) Schleid.
First published in Linnaea 13: 392 (1839)

Description Top

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Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Lemna bannatica Waldst. & Kit. ex Schleid. Linnaea 13: 392 (1839)
Lemna major Griff. Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 216 (1851)
Lemna maxima Blatt. & Hallb. J. Indian Bot. 2: 49 (1921)
Lemna orbicularis Kit. ex Schult. Oestr. Fl. , ed. 2, 1: 64 (1814)
Lemna orbiculata Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. 1832 , 3: 565 (1832)
Lemna polyrhiza L. Sp. Pl. : 970 (1753)
Lemna thermalis P.Beauv. ex Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 19 (1818)
Lemna transsilvanica Schur Enum. Pl. Transsilv. : 635 (1866)
Lemna umbonata A.Braun ex Hegelm. Lemnac. : 156 (1868)
Lenticula polyrhiza (L.) Lam. Fl. Franç. 2: 189 (1779)
Spirodela atropurpurea Friche-Joset & Montandon Syn. Fl. Jura 309. 1856
Spirodela maxima (Blatt. & Hallb.) McCann J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 43: 158 (1942)
Spirodela polyrrhiza var. masonii Daubs Illinois Biol. Monogr. 34: 13 1965
Telmatophace orbicularis (Kit. ex Schult.) Schur Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 70 (1853)
Telmatophace polyrhiza (L.) Godr. Fl. Lorraine 3: 18 (1844)
Lemna polyrrhiza var. concolor Kurz J. Bot. 5: 115 1867
Lemna obcordata P.Beauv. Numer. List [Wallich] n. 5201 (Quid ?). [1831-32]
Lemna thermalis P.Beauv. J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 82: 102, 113 1816

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English giant duckweed
English great duckmeat
English great duckweed
English greater duckweed
Spanish lenteja de agua
Arabic عدس الماء
Azerbaijani adi üzgəcotu
Belarusian Многакарэннік звычайны
Bulgarian многокоренчеста спиродела
Czech závitka mnohokořenná
Welsh llinad mawr
German vielwurzelige teichlinse
German vielwurzlige teichlinse
Estonian hulgajuurine vesilääts
Persian عدسک آبی پرریشه
Finnish isolimaska
Finnish silmuisolimaska
French lenticule à plusieurs racines
French lentille deau à plusieurs racines
Upper Sorbian mnohokorjenaty křěk
Armenian Բադիճուռ
Armenian բազմարմատիկ
Japanese 浮草
Japanese
Japanese ウキクサ
Korean 개구리밥
Lithuanian daugiašakė maurė
Macedonian Меѓукоренеста спиродела
Dutch veelwortelig kroos
Norwegian Nynorsk storandemat
Punjab بطخ بوٹی
Slovak spirodelka mnohokoreňová
Swedish stor andmat
Thai แหนเป็ดใหญ่
Chinese 紫萍
Chinese 水萍
Chinese 浮萍

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • East Tropical Africa
      • Kenya
      • Tanzania
      • Uganda
    • Macaronesia
      • Madeira
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Chad
      • Ethiopia
      • Sudan
    • Northern Africa
      • Egypt
      • Morocco
      • Tunisia
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Malawi
      • Mozambique
      • Zambia
      • Zimbabwe
    • Southern Africa
      • Botswana
      • Free State
      • Kwazulu-Natal
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Benin
      • Ghana
      • Ivory Coast
      • Nigeria
      • Senegal
      • Togo
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Burundi
      • Central African Republic
      • Congo
      • Rwanda
      • Zaïre
  • Asia-temperate
    • Caucasus
      • North Caucasus
      • Transcaucasus
    • China
      • China North-central
      • China South-central
      • China Southeast
      • Manchuria
      • Qinghai
    • Eastern Asia
      • Japan
      • Korea
      • Taiwan
    • Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan
    • Russian Far East
      • Kamchatka
      • Khabarovsk
      • Kuril Islands
      • Primorye
      • Sakhalin
    • Siberia
      • Altay
      • Buryatiya
      • Irkutsk
      • Krasnoyarsk
      • Tuva
      • West Siberia
      • Yakutskiya
    • Western Asia
      • Iran
      • Lebanon-Syria
      • Palestine
      • Turkey
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Bangladesh
      • India
      • Nepal
      • Sri Lanka
      • West Himalaya
    • Indo-China
      • Thailand
    • Malesia
      • Borneo
      • Christmas Island
      • Cocos (keeling) Islands
      • Jawa
      • Lesser Sunda Islands
      • Malaya
      • Maluku
      • Philippines
      • Sulawesi
      • Sumatera
  • Australasia
    • Australia
      • New South Wales
      • Norfolk Island
      • Northern Territory
      • Queensland
      • South Australia
      • Victoria
      • Western Australia
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Baltic States
      • Belarus
      • Central European Russia
      • East European Russia
      • North European Russia
      • Northwest European Russia
      • South European Russia
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Belgium
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Netherlands
      • Poland
      • Switzerland
    • Northern Europe
      • Denmark
      • Finland
      • Great Britain
      • Ireland
      • Norway
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Bulgaria
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Kriti
      • Romania
      • Sicilia
      • Turkey-in-Europe
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Corse
      • France
      • Portugal
      • Sardegna
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • New Brunswick
      • Nova Scotia
      • Prince Edward Island
      • Québec
    • Mexico
      • Mexican Pacific Islands
      • Mexico Central
      • Mexico Gulf
      • Mexico Northeast
      • Mexico Northwest
      • Mexico Southeast
      • Mexico Southwest
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
      • Iowa
      • Kansas
      • Minnesota
      • Missouri
      • Nebraska
      • North Dakota
      • Oklahoma
      • South Dakota
      • Wisconsin
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut
      • Indiana
      • Maine
      • Massachusetts
      • Michigan
      • New Hampshire
      • New Jersey
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Pennsylvania
      • Rhode Island
      • Vermont
      • West Virginia
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Colorado
      • Idaho
      • Montana
      • Oregon
      • Washington
      • Wyoming
    • South-central U.S.A.
      • New Mexico
      • Texas
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama
      • Arkansas
      • Delaware
      • District Of Columbia
      • Florida
      • Georgia
      • Kentucky
      • Louisiana
      • Maryland
      • Mississippi
      • North Carolina
      • South Carolina
      • Tennessee
      • Virginia
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • Arizona
      • California
      • Nevada
      • Utah
    • Western Canada
      • Alberta
      • British Columbia
      • Manitoba
      • Saskatchewan
  • Southern America
    • Caribbean
      • Cuba
      • Dominican Republic
      • Haiti
      • Jamaica
      • Leeward Islands
      • Puerto Rico
      • Trinidad-Tobago
      • Windward Islands
    • Central America
      • Belize
      • Central American Pacific
      • Costa Rica
      • El Salvador
      • Guatemala
      • Honduras
      • Nicaragua
      • Panamá
    • Western South America
      • Colombia
      • Ecuador
      • Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000313527
UNII BJS9J628MG
Florida Plant Atlas 947
Flora of Alabama 4387
Canadensys 6493
USDA Plants SPPO
Tropicos 18100004
INPN 124707
Flora of Italy 7870
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:526250-1
The Plant List kew-194600
Open Tree Of Life 814207
Observations.org 7512
NCBI Taxonomy 29656
NBN Atlas NHMSYS0000463934
Nature Serve 2.145456
IUCN Red List 164229
IPNI 526250-1
iNaturalist 57867
GBIF 4097481
Freebase /m/0crj3qv
WisFlora 5140
EPPO SPIPO
Elurikkus 466259
Calflora (Californian flora) 11091
USDA GRIN 400337
Wikipedia Spirodela_polyrhiza
CMAUP NPO25547

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
Accession Assembly
Name Level Submitter Released Coverage Size
GCA_024713555.1 Salk_sp9512.v2 Chromosome The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 2022-10-03 60.0x 133.94 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Assembly and analysis of the chloroplast genome of Amorphophallus kachinensis Engler & Gehrmann (Araceae) from Southwestern China: implications for conservation and utilization Gao Y, Yin S Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 03-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC10993747
doi:10.1080/23802359.2024.2338550
PMID:38586510
Genetic Mechanism of Non-Targeted-Site Resistance to Diquat in Spirodela polyrhiza Höfer M, Schäfer M, Wang Y, Wink S, Xu S Plants (Basel) 14-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10975167
doi:10.3390/plants13060845
PMID:38592881
Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Wolffia arrhiza and comparative genomic analysis with relative Wolffia species Park H, Park JH, Kang YJ Sci Rep 11-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10928178
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-56394-7
PMID:38467810
Attenuation of photosynthesis in nanosilver-treated Arabidopsis thaliana is inherently linked to the particulate nature of silver Mays V, Smith N, Pham C, White M, Wu Q, Berry J, Linan A, Alexander Wait D, Kovacs L Heliyon 07-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10950886
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27583
PMID:38509917
A Novel Plant-Based Nutraceutical Combined with Exercise Can Revert Oxidative Status in Plasma and Liver in a Diet-Induced-Obesity Animal Model Guzmán-Carrasco A, Kapravelou G, López-Jurado M, Bermúdez F, Andrés-León E, Terrón-Camero LC, Prados J, Melguizo C, Porres JM, Martínez R Antioxidants (Basel) 23-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10967303
doi:10.3390/antiox13030274
PMID:38539808
A high-quality genome assembly of the waterlily aphid Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae Wang Y, Xu S Sci Data 13-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10864314
doi:10.1038/s41597-024-03043-3
PMID:38351256
CLAW: An automated Snakemake workflow for the assembly of chloroplast genomes from long-read data Phillips AL, Ferguson S, Burton RA, Watson-Haigh NS PLoS Comput Biol 09-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10883564
doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011870
PMID:38335225
Transcriptomic and physiological analysis of the response of Spirodela polyrrhiza to sodium nitroprusside Zhang Y, Jia R, Hui T, Hu Y, Wang W, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Yang L, Xiang B BMC Plant Biol 08-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10851477
doi:10.1186/s12870-024-04766-6
PMID:38331719
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profile Analysis of Sugars Will Eventually Be Exported Transporter (SWEET) Genes in Zantedeschia elliottiana and Their Responsiveness to Pectobacterium carotovora subspecies Carotovora (Pcc) Infection Li Z, Guo Y, Jin S, Wu H Int J Mol Sci 07-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10888187
doi:10.3390/ijms25042004
PMID:38396683
Macromutations Yielding Karyotype Alterations (and the Process(es) behind Them) Are the Favored Route of Carcinogenesis and Speciation Schubert I Cancers (Basel) 28-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10854648
doi:10.3390/cancers16030554
PMID:38339305
The chromosome-level genome of the submerged plant Cryptocoryne crispatula provides insights into the terrestrial–freshwater transition in Araceae Qian ZH, Li W, Wang QF, Liang SC, Wu S, Li ZZ, Chen JM DNA Res 20-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10873505
doi:10.1093/dnares/dsae003
PMID:38245835
Codon usage characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial genome in Hemerocallis citrina Zhang K, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Shan X BMC Genom Data 13-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10788020
doi:10.1186/s12863-024-01191-4
PMID:38218810
Comparative Phytotoxicity of Metallic Elements on Duckweed Lemna gibba L. Using Growth- and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction-Based Endpoints Irfan M, Mészáros I, Szabó S, Oláh V Plants (Basel) 12-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10821045
doi:10.3390/plants13020215
PMID:38256768
Induced responses contribute to rapid adaptation of Spirodela polyrhiza to herbivory by Lymnaea stagnalis Malacrinò A, Böttner L, Nouere S, Huber M, Schäfer M, Xu S Commun Biol 11-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10781955
doi:10.1038/s42003-023-05706-0
PMID:38200287
Characteristics of turion development in two aquatic carnivorous plants: Hormonal profiles, gas exchange and mineral nutrient content Adamec L, Plačková L, Doležal K Plant Direct 11-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10784648
doi:10.1002/pld3.558
PMID:38222932

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters / Fatty acid methyl esters
Methyl dodecanoate 8139 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC 214.34 unknown via CMAUP database
Methyl palmitate 8181 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC 270.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
Methyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate 8840 Click to see CCCCCCC(CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC)O 314.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty amides
Erucamide 5365371 Click to see CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N 337.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Oleamide 5283387 Click to see CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)N 281.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Apigenin 5280443 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O 270.24 unknown via CMAUP database
Luteolin 5280445 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O 286.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides
Isovitexin 162350 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 432.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides
Homo-orientin 5382105 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Orientin 5281675 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Vitexin 5280441 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 432.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 44257792 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 432.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Apigenin 7-O-glucoside 5385553 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 432.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Apigenin-7-O-glucoside 12304093 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 432.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Apigetrin 5280704 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 432.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Luteolin 7-O-glucoside 5280637 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown via CMAUP database

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