Alsophila spinulosa, commonly known as the flying spider-monkey tree fern, is a species of tree fern in the family Cyatheaceae. It is widely distributed across Asia, including China, Nepal, India, Burma, Myanmar, and Japan, and is found in humus soils in shadowed forest locations. The trunk of this species can grow to a height of 5 m or more, and is covered in brown shiny scales. Fronds are 1–3 m long and three-limbed, and the sori, producing the spores, are large and round. The stems are rich in starch and edible, and are also used as fern chips as a substrate for the cultivation of orchids. In May 2022, the genome of A. spinulosa was sequenced, showing that whole-genome duplication had occurred approximately 100 million years ago, and the genome has remained stable since then. This was only the third time a fern's entire genome had been entirely mapped, and the first instance of a fern with a genome of this size being sequenced.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Alsophila boninsimensis	Christ in Warb.	Monsunia 1: 90 (1900)
Alsophila confucii	Christ	Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. , sér. 3, 16(199-201): 102 (1906)
Cyathea boninsimensis	Copel.	Philipp. J. Sci., C 4: 38 (1909)
Cyathea confucii	Copel.	Philipp. J. Sci., C 4: 60 (1909)
Cyathea decipiens	(J.Scott) Clarke & Baker	J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 24. 409 (1888)
Cyathea fauriei	Copel.	Philipp. J. Sci., C 4: 60 (1909)
Hemitelia beddomei	C.B.Clarke	Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 1: 429 (1880)
Hemitelia boninsimensis	Christ; Diels	Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1 [4]. 132. 1899 (1899)
Hemitelia decipiens	J.Scott	Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30(1): 33 (1874)
Cyathea spinulosa	Wall.	Sp. Fil. 1: 25 (1844)
Cyathea austrosinica	Christ	Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. , sér. 3, 20(245-247): 141 (1910)
Alsophila decipiens	Scott; Bedd.	Ferns Brit. India : t. 311 (1869)
Amphicosmia decipiens	Bedd.	Suppl. Ferns S. Ind. : 1 (1876)
Alsophila fauriei	Christ	Bull. Herb. Boissier II. 1. 1019. 1901 (1901)
Cyathea taiwaniana	Nakai	Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 41: 68 (1927)

Common names Top

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Language	Common/alternative name
Hindi	अलसोफिला स्पिनुलोसा
Chinese	桫椤
Chinese	龙骨风
Chinese	桫椤（大贯众）
Chinese	飞天螭螃
Chinese	飞天蠄蟧
Chinese	刺桫锣

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
  - Hainan
  - Tibet
- Eastern Asia
  - Japan
  - Kazan-retto
  - Nansei-shoto
  - Ogasawara-Shoto
  - Taiwan

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam
  - Bangladesh
  - East Himalaya
  - India
  - Nepal
  - West Himalaya
- Indo-China
  - Laos
  - Myanmar
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0001126562
UNII	5V74C5YP7M
Tropicos	26623167
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17533090-1
Open Tree Of Life	196625
NCBI Taxonomy	204586
IPNI	17533090-1
iNaturalist	142844
GBIF	5529644
Wikipedia	Alsophila_spinulosa

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Organellar phylogenomics of Ophioglossaceae fern genera

Kuo LY, Su HJ, Koubínová D, Xie PJ, Whitehouse C, Ebihara A, Grant JR

Front Plant Sci

15-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10823028
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2023.1294716
PMID:	38288414

Genome-wide identification and evolutionary view of ALOG gene family in Solanaceae

Turchetto C, Silvério AD, Waschburger EL, Lacerda ME, Quintana IV, Turchetto-Zolet AC

Genet Mol Biol

01-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10695626
doi:	10.1590/1415-4757-GMB-2023-0142
PMID:	38048778

High-quality assembly and methylome of a Tibetan wild tree peony genome (Paeonia ludlowii) reveal the evolution of giant genome architecture

Xiao PX, Li Y, Lu J, Zuo H, Pingcuo G, Ying H, Zhao F, Xu Q, Zeng X, Jiao WB

Hortic Res

10-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10753165
doi:	10.1093/hr/uhad241
PMID:	38156287

Bioinformatics Analysis of MSH1 Genes of Green Plants: Multiple Parallel Length Expansions, Intron Gains and Losses, Partial Gene Duplications, and Alternative Splicing

Bai MZ, Guo YY

Int J Mol Sci

03-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10487979
doi:	10.3390/ijms241713620
PMID:	37686425

Differences of oribatid mite community and trophic structure between karst caves and surface different moss habitats

Gong T, Yin X, Liu W, Chen H, Shi Z

PLoS One

17-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10434907
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0290144
PMID:	37590253

Genome-Wide Comparison and Functional Characterization of HMGR Gene Family Associated with Shikonin Biosynthesis in Lithospermum erythrorhizon

Wang X, Wang C, Yang M, Jie W, Fazal A, Fu J, Yin T, Cai J, Liu B, Lu G, Lin H, Han H, Wen Z, Qi J, Yang Y

Int J Mol Sci

07-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10419935
doi:	10.3390/ijms241512532
PMID:	37569907

Proteome and Interactome Linked to Metabolism, Genetic Information Processing, and Abiotic Stress in Gametophytes of Two Woodferns

Ojosnegros S, Alvarez JM, Grossmann J, Gagliardini V, Quintanilla LG, Grossniklaus U, Fernández H

Int J Mol Sci

04-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10419320
doi:	10.3390/ijms241512429
PMID:	37569809

Phylogenomic analysis, cryptic species discovery, and DNA barcoding of the genus Cibotium in China based on plastome data

Jiang RH, Liang SQ, Wu F, Tang LM, Qin B, Chen YY, Huang YH, Li KX, Zhang XC

Front Plant Sci

06-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10279961
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2023.1183653
PMID:	37346120

Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of B3 transcription factor genes in Populus alba × Populus glandulosa

Wei M, Li H, Wang Q, Liu R, Yang L, Li Q

Front Plant Sci

30-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10262750
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2023.1193065
PMID:	37324718

Phenoloxidases: catechol oxidase – the temporary employer and laccase – the rising star of vascular plants

Liao J, Wei X, Tao K, Deng G, Shu J, Qiao Q, Chen G, Wei Z, Fan M, Saud S, Fahad S, Chen S

Hortic Res

16-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10541563
doi:	10.1093/hr/uhad102
PMID:	37786731

Rickettsial DNA and a trans-splicing rRNA group I intron in the unorthodox mitogenome of the fern Haplopteris ensiformis

Zumkeller S, Polsakiewicz M, Knoop V

Commun Biol

20-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10027690
doi:	10.1038/s42003-023-04659-8
PMID:	36941328

Complete chloroplast genome molecular structure, comparative and phylogenetic analyses of Sphaeropteris lepifera of Cyatheaceae family: a tree fern from China

Hu Q, Qian R, Zhang Y, Ma X, Ye Y, Zhang X, Lin L, Liu H, Zheng J

Sci Rep

24-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9873718
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-28432-3
PMID:	36693990

Multidimensional analysis reveals environmental factors that affect community dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in poplar roots

Han S, Wang X, Cheng Y, Wu G, Dong X, He X, Zhao G

Front Plant Sci

17-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9887326
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2022.1068527
PMID:	36733588

Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Divergence Time Estimation, and Biogeography of the Family Pseudoplagiostomataceae (Ascomycota, Diaporthales)

Zhang Z, Liu X, Tao M, Liu X, Xia J, Zhang X, Meng Z

J Fungi (Basel)

05-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9860658
doi:	10.3390/jof9010082
PMID:	36675903

Diversity, distribution, and sustainability of traditional medicinal plants in Kaski district, western Nepal

Khakurel D, Uprety Y, Ahn G, Cha JY, Kim WY, Lee SH, Rajbhandary S

Front Pharmacol

20-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9807671
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2022.1076351
PMID:	36605393

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Colensane and clerodane diterpenoids
Filic-3-ene	12309889	Click to see CC1=CCCC2C1(CCC3C2(CCC4(C3(CCC5(C4CCC5C(C)C)C)C)C)C)C	410.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.228
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Hopanoids
Diploptene	92155	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1CCC3(C2CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCCC5(C)C)C)C)C)C	410.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.228 https://doi.org/10.3109/14756369409040777
Diplopterol	164874	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC3(C2CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC5C(C)(C)O)C)C)C)C)C	428.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.228
Dryocrassol	11453141	Click to see CC(CO)C1CCC2(C1CCC3(C2CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCCC5(C)C)C)C)C)C	428.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.228
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Fernene	441679	Click to see CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3(C2(CC=C4C3CCC5C4(CCCC5(C)C)C)C)C)C	410.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.228
Tetrahymanol	168951	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC3(C2CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C)C)C	428.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.228
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Ergostane steroids / Ergosterols and derivatives
(3S,8S,9S,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	134766514	Click to see CC(C)C(C)CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C	400.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.228
5-Cholestene-3-ol, 24-methyl-	312822	Click to see CC(C)C(C)CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C	400.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.228
Campestanol	119394	Click to see CC(C)C(C)CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C	402.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.228
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	6743	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	416.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.228
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	86821	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.228
24-Ethylcholest-5-en-3beta-ol	22012	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.228
Stigmastan-3beta-ol	15559396	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	416.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.228
Stigmasterol	5280794	Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	412.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.228
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
Caffeic Acid	689043	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)O)O)O	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3109/14756369409040777
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones
2-[2-[(2R)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-6-yl]-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl]-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one	162900399	Click to see C1C(OC2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C(=C2)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3C4=CC(=O)C5=C(C=C(C=C5O4)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O	556.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.4182
2-[2-[(2S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-6-yl]-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl]-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one	101420555	Click to see C1C(OC2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C(=C2)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3C4=CC(=O)C5=C(C=C(C=C5O4)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O	572.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.4182
2-[2-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-6-yl]-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl]-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one	21636200	Click to see C1C(OC2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C(=C2)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3C4=CC(=O)C5=C(C=C(C=C5O4)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O	572.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.4182
2-[2-[5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-6-yl]-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl]-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one	21636199	Click to see C1C(OC2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C(=C2)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3C4=CC(=O)C5=C(C=C(C=C5O4)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O	556.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.4182
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one	162921448	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.4182
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one	5378180	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.4182
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Astragalin	5282102	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3109/14756369409040777

Biological Material Top

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Alsophila spinulosa

Table of Contents

Details Top

Description Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Biological Material Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top