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Internal ID UUID64404172d19a5138525722
Scientific name Schizanthus pinnatus
Authority Ruiz & Pav.
First published in Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 1: 13, pl. 17. 1798.

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
Schizanthus pinnatus is grown commercially as an ornamental plant for its prolific, butterfly‑shaped flowers. It is marketed as cut flowers, as bedding and container plants for garden and interior display, and as a component of floral arrangements and shows. A range of cultivars with varying flower colours and sizes are offered by horticultural producers, and the species is propagated by seed or vegetative cuttings for rapid turnover in the ornamental trade.

Industrial and craft applications:
The plant is used as a model organism in Solanaceae genetics and developmental biology. A reference genome assembly and associated transcriptomes are publicly available in the Sol Genomics Network and in NCBI/GenBank, providing sequence data for comparative studies of flower morphology, pigment biosynthesis and pathway evolution. Researchers employ Schizanthus pinnatus for functional genomics, CRISPR‑based gene editing, pollinator‑interaction studies, and as a teaching model in plant‑biology laboratories. The genome resources are shared through community databases that include gene annotation, metabolic pathway maps and experimental protocols.

Properties relevant to use:
Schizanthus pinnatus is an herbaceous annual with a short life cycle of 3–4 months, rapid vegetative growth and a high flower‑to‑leaf ratio, enabling efficient propagation in controlled environments. It possesses a diploid chromosome complement (2n = 2x = 24) and a genome size of roughly 300 Mbp, which is amenable to whole‑genome sequencing and manipulation. The species’ large, conspicuous corollas and branching habit make it visually attractive for ornamental purposes and provide a robust platform for studying floral development.

Standards and regulation:
Naming of cultivated varieties follows the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP). Seed lots sold commercially are subject to International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) rules, which specify germination, purity and health testing procedures for ornamental species. Export and import of Schizanthus material are governed by the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) and national plant‑health authorities such as USDA‑APHIS in the United States and the European Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) in the EU.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Commercial production relies entirely on cultivated material; no wild harvesting is documented. Seeds and cuttings are produced in greenhouse or field nurseries, often under integrated pest‑management programmes that minimise chemical inputs. The species requires moderate water and nutrient inputs typical of ornamental annuals, and its relatively low production volume limits land‑use pressure. Schizanthus pinnatus is not listed as invasive, reducing ecological risk associated with its cultivation.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Schizanthus duodecemfidus Stokes Bot. Comm. i. 117. 1830
Schizanthus gayanus Phil. Linnaea 30: 198. 1859-61
Schizanthus heterophyllus Phil. Anales Univ. Chile 91: 125. 1895
Schizanthus humilis Phil. Anales Univ. Chile 91: 118. 1895
Schizanthus laciniosus Phil. Anales Univ. Chile 91: 125. 1895
Schizanthus latifolius Phil. Anales Univ. Chile 91: 123. 1895
Schizanthus lilacinus Kunze Linnaea 24: 229. 1851
Schizanthus major Hoffmanns. ex Steud. Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 530. 1841
Schizanthus pinnatifidus Lindl. Edwards's Bot. Reg. 29: sub t. 45. 1843
Schizanthus priestii Paxton Paxton's Mag. Bot. 1: t. 31. 1835
Schizanthus tenuifolius Phil. Anales Univ. Chile 91: 118. 1895
Schizanthus tenuis Phil. Anales Univ. Chile 91: 124. 1895
Schizanthus gracilis (Benth.) Clos Fl. Chil. [Gay] 5(2): 153. 1849 [late 1849]
Schizanthus pinnatus var. gracilis Benth. Benth. and P. ex Benth., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 202. 1846 [8 Apr 1846], 1846.
Salpiglossis pinnatus var. gracilis Benth. Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 202. 1846 [8 Apr 1846]

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English poorman's orchid
Spanish schizanthus gracilis
Spanish schizanthus tenuis
Spanish schizanthus tenuifolius
Spanish schizanthus laciniosus
Spanish schizanthus heterophyllus
Spanish schizanthus gayanus
Spanish schizanthus humilis
Spanish schizanthus latifolius
Spanish schizanthus lilacinus
Arabic سوسب مهدب
Catalan flor de papallona
German gefiederte spaltblume
Estonian sulgjas libliklill
Finnish kirjoperhoskukka
Japanese 胡蝶草
Japanese コチョウソウ
Korean 나비꽃
Swedish fjärilsblomster
Swedish fjärilsblomma
Chinese 蝴蝶草
Chinese 蛾蝶花

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Southern America
    • Southern South America
      • Chile Central
      • Chile South

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0001025402
USDA Plants SCPI
Tropicos 29602578
INPN 611353
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:817918-1
The Plant List kew-2580799
Missouri Botanical Garden 287201
Open Tree Of Life 704904
NCBI Taxonomy 33122
NBN Atlas NHMSYS0000463285
Nature Serve 2.147669
IPNI 817918-1
iNaturalist 168608
GBIF 2928843
EPPO SZTPI
EOL 581084
Elurikkus 210952
USDA GRIN 401822
Wikipedia Schizanthus_pinnatus

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Commodity risk assessment of Petunia spp. and Calibrachoa spp. unrooted cuttings from Kenya Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Manda RR, Schulz OM, Akrivou A, Antonatos S, Beris D, Debode J, Kritikos C, Kormpi M, Lacomme C, Manceau C, Papachristos D, Reppa C, Gardi C, Potting R EFSA J 25-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11044013
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8742
PMID:38665158
Versatile MXene Gels Assisted by Brief and Low-Strength Centrifugation Yu W, Yang Y, Wang Y, Hu L, Hao J, Xu L, Liu W Nanomicro Lett 22-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10803715
doi:10.1007/s40820-023-01302-3
PMID:38252190
Persistent luminescent nanophosphors for applications in cancer theranostics, biomedical, imaging and security Mushtaq U, Ayoub I, Kumar V, Sharma V, Swart HC, Chamanehpour E, Rubahn HG, Mishra YK Mater Today Bio 19-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10765243
doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100860
PMID:38179230
Impacts of land use change on native plant-butterfly interaction networks from central Mexico Muñoz-Galicia D, Lara C, Castillo-Guevara C, Cuautle M, Rodríguez-Flores C PeerJ 11-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10576501
doi:10.7717/peerj.16205
PMID:37842070
Stellite-6/(WC+TiC) Composite Coatings Produced by Laser Alloying on S355 Steel Bartkowski D, Bartkowska A, Olszewska J, Przestacki D, Ulbrich D Materials (Basel) 14-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10385112
doi:10.3390/ma16145000
PMID:37512273
Nuclear phylogeny and insights into whole-genome duplications and reproductive development of Solanaceae plants Huang J, Xu W, Zhai J, Hu Y, Guo J, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Martine C, Ma H, Huang CH Plant Commun 25-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10363554
doi:10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100595
PMID:36966360
The degree of urbanisation reduces wild bee and butterfly diversity and alters the patterns of flower-visitation in urban dry grasslands Herrmann J, Buchholz S, Theodorou P Sci Rep 15-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC9932066
doi:10.1038/s41598-023-29275-8
PMID:36792660
Metallic 4D Printing of Laser Stimulation Wu W, Zhou Y, Liu Q, Ren L, Chen F, Fuh JY, Zheng A, Li X, Zhao J, Li G Adv Sci (Weinh) 22-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC10131821
doi:10.1002/advs.202206486
PMID:36683254
Advances in the Bioactivities of Phytochemical Saponins in the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis Luo H, Chen J, Su C, Zha L Nutrients 24-Nov-2022
PMCID:PMC9735883
doi:10.3390/nu14234998
PMID:36501028
The chloroplast genome of the Iris japonica Thunberg (Butterfly flower) reveals the genomic and evolutionary characteristics of Iris species Zhang X, Yang H, Wu B, Chen H Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 11-Oct-2022
PMCID:PMC9559474
doi:10.1080/23802359.2022.2118000
PMID:36245810
Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Sophocarpine from Sophora viciifolia Hance Wang FL, Wang H, Wang JH, Wang DX, Gao Y, Yang B, Yang HJ, Ji YB, Xin GS Biomed Res Int 08-Nov-2021
PMCID:PMC8592712
doi:10.1155/2021/8893563
PMID:34790825
Facile Room-Temperature Synthesis of Cerium Carbonate and Cerium Oxide Nano- and Microparticles Using 1,1′-Carbonyldiimidazole and Imidazole in a Nonaqueous Solvent Choi SW, Kim J ACS Omega 28-Sep-2021
PMCID:PMC8515608
doi:10.1021/acsomega.1c03700
PMID:34661003
Functional Characterization of Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig MYB132 Confers the Potential Role in Floral Aroma Synthesis Abbas F, Ke Y, Zhou Y, Yu R, Imran M, Amanullah S, Rothenberg DO, Wang Q, Wang L, Fan Y Plants (Basel) 25-Sep-2021
PMCID:PMC8541032
doi:10.3390/plants10102014
PMID:34685822
Modeling changes in probabilistic reinforcement learning during adolescence Xia L, Master SL, Eckstein MK, Baribault B, Dahl RE, Wilbrecht L, Collins AG PLoS Comput Biol 01-Jul-2021
PMCID:PMC8279421
doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008524
PMID:34197447
Alkaloids Used as Medicines: Structural Phytochemistry Meets Biodiversity—An Update and Forward Look Heinrich M, Mah J, Amirkia V Molecules 25-Mar-2021
PMCID:PMC8036335
doi:10.3390/molecules26071836
PMID:33805869

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Tropane alkaloids
(6-Hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl) 3-methylbut-2-enoate 73657004 Click to see 239.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4562
[(1S,3S,5R,6S)-3-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate 129649783 Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CC2CC(CC1N2C)O 239.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4562
1-O-ethyl 4-O-[(1S,3S,5R,6S)-8-methyl-6-[(E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enedioate 163035921 Click to see CCOC(=O)C(=CC(=O)OC1CC2CC(C(C1)N2C)OC(=O)C(=CC)C)C 379.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4562
1-O-ethyl 4-O-[(1S,3S,5R,6S)-8-methyl-6-[(E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 2-methylidenebutanedioate 162946847 Click to see CCOC(=O)C(=C)CC(=O)OC1CC2CC(C(C1)N2C)OC(=O)C(=CC)C 379.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4562
1-O-ethyl 4-O-[(1S,3S,5R,6S)-8-methyl-6-[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 2-methylidenebutanedioate 162946846 Click to see 379.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4562
1-O-ethyl 4-O-[(3R,6R)-8-methyl-6-[(E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 2-methylidenebutanedioate 134715025 Click to see CCOC(=O)C(=C)CC(=O)OC1CC2CC(C(C1)N2C)OC(=O)C(=CC)C 379.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4562
1-O-ethyl 4-O-[8-methyl-6-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 2-methylbut-2-enedioate 74026211 Click to see 379.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4562
1-O-ethyl 4-O-[8-methyl-6-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 2-methylidenebutanedioate 74026212 Click to see 379.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4562
1-O-methyl 4-O-[(1S,3R,5S)-8-methyl-6-[(E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enedioate 102286156 Click to see 365.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4562
1-O-methyl 4-O-[(1S,3R,5S)-8-methyl-6-[(E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 2-methylidenebutanedioate 102286155 Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CC2CC(CC1N2C)OC(=O)CC(=C)C(=O)OC 365.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4562
1-O-methyl 4-O-[(1S,3S,5R,6S)-8-methyl-6-[(E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enedioate 162942468 Click to see 365.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4562
1-O-methyl 4-O-[(1S,3S,5R,6S)-8-methyl-6-[(E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 2-methylidenebutanedioate 163187465 Click to see 365.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4562
1-O-methyl 4-O-[(1S,3S,5R,6S)-8-methyl-6-[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enedioate 162942467 Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CC2CC(CC1N2C)OC(=O)C=C(C)C(=O)OC 365.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4562
1-O-methyl 4-O-[(1S,3S,5R,6S)-8-methyl-6-[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 2-methylidenebutanedioate 162968124 Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CC2CC(CC1N2C)OC(=O)CC(=C)C(=O)OC 365.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4562
1-O-methyl 4-O-[(3R,6R)-8-methyl-6-[(E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 2-methylidenebutanedioate 134715026 Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CC2CC(CC1N2C)OC(=O)CC(=C)C(=O)OC 365.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4562
1-O-methyl 4-O-[8-methyl-6-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 2-methylbut-2-enedioate 73812324 Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CC2CC(CC1N2C)OC(=O)C=C(C)C(=O)OC 365.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4562
1-O-methyl 4-O-[8-methyl-6-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 2-methylidenebutanedioate 73812325 Click to see 365.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4562
3alpha-Hydroxy-6beta-angeloyloxytropane 129846300 Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CC2CC(CC1N2C)O 239.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4562
3alpha-Senecioyloxy-6beta-hydroxytropane 20055635 Click to see CC(=CC(=O)OC1CC2CC(C(C1)N2C)O)C 239.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4562
4-O-ethyl 1-O-[(1R,3R,5S,6S)-8-methyl-6-(3-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enedioate 162952789 Click to see 379.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90939-7
4-O-ethyl 1-O-[8-methyl-6-(3-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 2-methylbut-2-enedioate 137796494 Click to see 379.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90939-7
8-Methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-ol 8424 Click to see CN1C2CCC1CC(C2)O 141.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4562
https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4562
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones
Hanagokenol B 24757904 Click to see CC(C)C1=CC(=C(C=C1O)C2(CCCC3(C2C(=O)OC3)C)C)C(=O)O 346.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4562
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins
2-[[3-Hydroxy-5-(10-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl)oxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxolan-3-yl]methoxy]-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 75034135 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(C(CC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(CO7)(COC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)C)O)C)C)OC1 855.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4562
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tetracarboxylic acids and derivatives
1-O-[(1R,3S,5S,6R)-8-methyl-6-(3-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 4-O-[(1S,3R,5R,6S)-8-methyl-6-(3-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enedioate 163008992 Click to see 572.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-88-4562

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