Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Among North American Indigenous groups, hoptree (Ptelea trifoliata) has been taken as a warming, bitter infusion or decoction for fevers, colds, chills, and gastrointestinal complaints. The Cherokee and Iroquois used a bark or root decoction to break fevers and ease chills; the Meskwaki treated fever with a bark or root infusion as well (Moerman, Native American Ethnobotany). Frontier settlers learned to use the bitter bark and young branches as a stomachic tea, a tonic said to stimulate appetite and digestion (Kindscher, Medicinal Wild Plants of the Prairie). For digestive upset, the Cherokee employed a bark or root decoction for diarrhea and colicky pains, and the Iroquois drank bark or root preparations for stomachache (Moerman, Native American Ethnobotany). The same groups also used crushed leaf or leaf-and-bark poultices on minor wounds and skin irritations (Moerman, Native American Ethnobotany).

To make a fever‑and‑digestive decoction: finely chop or lightly crush 5–6 g (about 1–1½ tsp) of dried Ptelea trifoliata root or bark and simmer it in about 240 mL (1 cup) of water for 15–20 minutes; cool, strain, and take small doses of roughly 30–60 mL (2–4 tbsp) up to three times per day while symptoms persist. This bitterness cautions limited, short‑term use; it should be avoided in pregnancy and in people sensitive to coumarins or with known anticoagulant therapy.

The species contains well‑studied coumarins (umbelliferone, scopoletin, psoralen), limonoids, and flavonoids; the coumarins are the most characteristic chemistry and plausibly account for bitter stimulant effects and some antimicrobial actions (Kindscher, Medicinal Wild Plants of the Prairie; Moerman, Native American Ethnobotany).

While interest in Ptelea trifoliata remains modest, bitter hoptree bark is still discussed as a historical stomachic tonic and featured in ethnobotanical reviews and native‑plant nurseries.

General Uses Top

Suggest a correction!

Common products:
Humulene-type hop substitute (bark), aromatic leaves and immature fruit used to scentyer.

Industrial and craft applications:
Hard, fine-grained wood is occasionally used for small turnery and tool handles.

Properties relevant to use:
Aromatic compounds in foliage, bark, and fruit (including coumarins) and sesquiterpenes provide persistent scent; astringent bark yields polyphenolic extractives.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Common and widely distributed across North America; not at risk and amenable to cultivation on open sites.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Ptelea pentaphylla	Münchh.	Hausvater 5: 242 (1770)
Ptelea acutifolia	Greene & Rose	Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 10: 68 (1906)
Ptelea aquilina	Greene	Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 10: 57 (1906)
Ptelea microphylla	D.Dietr.	Syn. Pl. 1: 497 (1839)
Ptelea isophylla	Greene	Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 10: 58 (1906)
Ptelea mesochora	Greene	Torreya 5: 100 (1905)
Ptelea viticifolia	Salisb.	Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 68 (1796)
Ptelea carolina	Greene	Torreya 5: 99 (1905)
Ptelea toxicodendron	Small	Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 294 (1901)
Ptelea obcordata	Greene	Torreya 5: 99 (1905)
Dodonaea trifoliata	Trew	Pl. Rar. 12. t. 9.
Ptelea serrata	Small	Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 292 (1901)
Ptelea microcarpa	Small	Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 293 (1901)
Ptelea baldwinii	Torr. & A.Gray	Fl. N. Amer. 1: 215 (1838)
Ptelea trifoliata var. pentaphilla	Du Roi	Harbk. Baumz. 2: 203 (1772)

Common names Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	carolina shrub-trefoil
English	common hoptree
English	stinking ash
English	wafer ash
English	woolly hoptree
English	wingseed
English	water-ash
English	swamp dogwood
English	stinking prairie bush
English	skunk bush
English	sang-tree
English	quinine tree
English	prickaway anise
English	prairie-grub
English	paleleaf hoptree
English	ague bark
Arabic	دردار السامرة الثلاثي الوريقات
Arabic	دردار ذو ثلاث ورقات
Azerbaijani	Üçyarpaq pteleya
Belarusian	Птэлея трохлістая
Belarusian	Вязавік трохлісты
Czech	křídlatec trojlistý
Danish	kløver-læderkrone
German	dreiblättriger lederstrauch
German	kleeulme
Persian	خاکستر زننده
Finnish	humalalaikkio
Hungarian	hármaslevelű alásfa
Armenian	Պտելեյա եռատերև
Norwegian Bokmål	humlebusk
Polish	parczelina trójlistkowa
Russian	Кожинка
Russian	Кожанка
Russian	Вязовник трёхлисточковый
Russian	Птелея трёхлисточковая
Russian	Птелея трёхлистная
Serbian	Птелеа
Ukrainian	Птелея трилиста
Chinese	三葉椒
Chinese	三叶椒
Chinese	齿叶榆橘
Chinese	鲍尔温榆橘
Chinese	榆橘

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Name	Authority	First published in
Ptelea trifoliata subsp. angustifolia	(Benth.) V.L.Bailey	Brittonia 14: 15 (1962)
Ptelea trifoliata subsp. coahuilensis	(Greene) V.L.Bailey	Brittonia 14: 28 (1962)
Ptelea trifoliata subsp. pallida	(Greene) V.L.Bailey	Brittonia 14: 23 (1962)
Ptelea trifoliata subsp. polyadenia	(Greene) V.L.Bailey	Brittonia 14: 20 (1962)
Ptelea trifoliata subsp. trifoliata

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Name	Authority	First published in
Ptelea trifoliata var. confinis	(Greene) V.L.Bailey	Brittonia 14: 27 (1962)
Ptelea trifoliata var. lutescens	(Greene) V.L.Bailey	Brittonia 14: 25. 1962
Ptelea trifoliata var. mollis	Torr. & A.Gray	Fl. N. Amer. 1: 680 (1840)
Ptelea trifoliata var. persicifolia	(Greene) V.L.Bailey	Brittonia 14: 19 (1962)
Ptelea trifoliata var. pumila	(Greene) V.L.Bailey	Brittonia 14: 29 (1962)
Ptelea trifoliata var. cognata	(Greene) V.L.Bailey	Brittonia 14: 18 (1962)

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Name	Authority	First published in
Ptelea trifoliata f. pubescens	(Pursh) Fernald	Rhodora 38(450): 233 1936

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!

Start at 4°C for 3 months, then warm to 20°C for another 3 months.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Middle Asia
  - Uzbekistan

Europe click to expand
- Middle Europe
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
- Southeastern Europe
  - Bulgaria
  - Romania
- Southwestern Europe
  - France
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - Ontario
  - Québec
- Mexico
  - Mexico Central
  - Mexico Gulf
  - Mexico Northeast
  - Mexico Northwest
  - Mexico Southwest
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Illinois
  - Iowa
  - Kansas
  - Minnesota
  - Missouri
  - Nebraska
  - Oklahoma
  - Wisconsin
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut
  - Indiana
  - Maine
  - Massachusetts
  - Michigan
  - New Hampshire
  - New Jersey
  - New York
  - Ohio
  - Pennsylvania
  - Rhode Island
  - Vermont
  - West Virginia
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado
- South-central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico
  - Texas
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama
  - Arkansas
  - Delaware
  - District Of Columbia
  - Florida
  - Georgia
  - Kentucky
  - Louisiana
  - Maryland
  - Mississippi
  - North Carolina
  - South Carolina
  - Tennessee
  - Virginia
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Arizona
  - Utah

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000471373
UNII	X236985060
Florida Plant Atlas	3492
Flora of Alabama	3307
Canadensys	9039
USDA Plants	PTTR
UConn	370
Tropicos	28100521
INPN	116263
Flora of Italy	10254
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:774969-1
The Plant List	kew-2543462
Missouri Botanical Garden	286752
Open Tree Of Life	113663
Observations.org	148386
NCBI Taxonomy	210336
Nature Serve	2.159313
IUCN Red List	156771719
IPNI	774969-1
iNaturalist	50626
iNaturalist	50625
GBIF	3190411
Freebase	/m/01lfrk
WisFlora	13251
EPPO	PTATR
EOL	581897
Elurikkus	6616
USDA GRIN	30275
Wikipedia	Ptelea_trifoliata

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Furoquinoline Alkaloids: Insights into Chemistry, Occurrence, and Biological Properties

Szewczyk A, Pęczek F

Int J Mol Sci

15-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10454094
doi:	10.3390/ijms241612811
PMID:	37628986

Montjuïc Hill (Barcelona): A Hotspot for Plant Invasions in a Mediterranean City

Ibáñez N, Gómez-Bellver C, Farelo P, Montserrat JM, Pyke S, Nualart N, López-Pujol J

Plants (Basel)

21-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10384852
doi:	10.3390/plants12142713
PMID:	37514329

Assessing the Spontaneous Spread of Climate-Adapted Woody Plants in an Extensively Maintained Collection Garden

Szabó K, Gergely A, Tóth B, Szilágyi K

Plants (Basel)

15-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10224429
doi:	10.3390/plants12101989
PMID:	37653906

Spider mites avoid caterpillar traces to prevent intraguild predation

Kinto S, Akino T, Yano S

Sci Rep

01-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9892025
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-28861-0
PMID:	36726030

Insect Floral Visitors of Ptelea trifoliata (Rutaceae) in Iowa, United States

Talcott Stewart AJ, O’Neal ME, Graves WR

Ann Entomol Soc Am

08-Jul-2022

PMCID:	PMC9467031
doi:	10.1093/aesa/saac012
PMID:	36105848

Conditional inference trees in the assessment of tree mortality rates in the transitional mixed forests of Atlantic Canada

Guan H, Dong X, Yan G, Searls T, Bourque CP, Meng FR

PLoS One

18-Jun-2021

PMCID:	PMC8213180
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0250991
PMID:	34143806

Comparative analysis of phenotypic plasticity sheds light on the evolution and molecular underpinnings of locust phase polyphenism

Foquet B, Castellanos AA, Song H

Sci Rep

07-Jun-2021

PMCID:	PMC8184943
doi:	10.1038/s41598-021-91317-w
PMID:	34099755

Autumn larval cold tolerance does not predict the northern range limit of a widespread butterfly species

Tremblay P, MacMillan HA, Kharouba HM

Ecol Evol

22-May-2021

PMCID:	PMC8216912
doi:	10.1002/ece3.7663
PMID:	34188890

Paliasanines A–E, 3,4-Methylenedioxyquinoline Alkaloids Fused with a Phenyl-14-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane Unit from Melochia umbellata var. deglabrata

Rahim A, Saito Y, Fukuyoshi S, Miyake K, Goto M, Chen CH, Alam G, Lee KH, Nakagawa-Goto K

J Nat Prod

18-Sep-2020

PMCID:	PMC8173965
doi:	10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00454
PMID:	32946697

The Piedra Chamana fossil woods and leaves: a record of the vegetation and palaeoenvironment of the Neotropics during the late middle Eocene

Woodcock DW, Meyer HW

Ann Bot

12-Mar-2020

PMCID:	PMC7262476
doi:	10.1093/aob/mcaa039
PMID:	32161957

Present Scenario of Circular RNAs (circRNAs) in Plants

Zhao W, Chu S, Jiao Y

Front Plant Sci

02-Apr-2019

PMCID:	PMC6454147
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2019.00379
PMID:	31001302

Assessing ecological and physiological costs of melanism in North American Papilio glaucus females: two decades of dark morph frequency declines

Scriber JM

Insect Sci

07-Jan-2019

PMCID:	PMC7277061
doi:	10.1111/1744-7917.12653
PMID:	30456932

Biotechnology, In Vitro Production of Natural Bioactive Compounds, Herbal Preparation, and Disease Management (Treatment and Prevention)

Alamgir AN

Therapeutic Use of Medicinal Plants and their Extracts: Volume 2

24-Jun-2018

PMCID:	PMC7123938
doi:	10.1007/978-3-319-92387-1_7

The Mesocallis Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) of the Korean Peninsula with Descriptions of Two New Species

Lee Y, Kanturski M, Lee S

Zool Stud

23-Apr-2018

PMCID:	PMC6517745
doi:	10.6620/ZS.2018.57-17
PMID:	31966257

Female mate choice of male signals is unlikely to promote ecological adaptation in Enchenopa treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae)

Fowler‐Finn KD, Kilmer JT, Cruz DC, Rodríguez RL

Ecol Evol

22-Jan-2018

PMCID:	PMC5817129
doi:	10.1002/ece3.3817
PMID:	29468032

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Naphthalenes
(2R,9R)-6,8-dimethoxy-9-(methylamino)-2-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,9-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]naphthalen-4-one	162948059	Click to see	313.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)98477-1
6,8-Dimethoxy-9-(methylamino)-2-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,9-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]naphthalen-4-one	162948058	Click to see CC(=C)C1CC2=C(C1)C(=O)C3=C(C2NC)C(=CC(=C3)OC)OC	313.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)98477-1
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans / Tetrahydrofuran lignans / 9,9-epoxylignans / Dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans
Arctigenin methyl ether	384877	Click to see	386.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)88517-8
Dimethylmatairesinol	1286	Click to see	386.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)88517-8
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Dihydrofuranoquinolines
(13R)-16-methyl-13-prop-1-en-2-yl-3,5,14-trioxa-16-azatetracyclo[7.7.0.02,6.011,15]hexadeca-1(9),2(6),7,11(15)-tetraen-10-one	162991305	Click to see CC(=C)C1CC2=C(O1)N(C3=C(C2=O)C=CC4=C3OCO4)C	285.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85268-X
16-Methyl-13-prop-1-en-2-yl-3,5,14-trioxa-16-azatetracyclo[7.7.0.02,6.011,15]hexadeca-1(9),2(6),7,11(15)-tetraen-10-one	162991304	Click to see	285.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85268-X
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Furanoquinolines
Kokusaginine	10227	Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C(=C3C=COC3=N2)OC)OC	259.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/P19910002261
Maculosidine	68222	Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC)N=C3C(=C2OC)C=CO3	259.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/P19910002261
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Quinolones and derivatives / Hydroquinolones
2-Undecyl-4(1H)-quinolinone	10063343	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1	299.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)83063-9
3-(2-Hydroxy-3-methylbut-3-enyl)-4,6,8-trimethoxy-1-methylquinolin-2-one	101967150	Click to see CC(=C)C(CC1=C(C2=C(C(=CC(=C2)OC)OC)N(C1=O)C)OC)O	333.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/P19910002261 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)88517-8
3-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-methylbut-3-enyl]-4,6,8-trimethoxy-1-methylquinolin-2-one	162883964	Click to see	333.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)88517-8
4,6,8-Trimethoxy-1-methyl-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)quinolin-2-one	162932636	Click to see	317.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85397-0
4,6,8-Trimethoxy-3-(2-methoxy-3-methylbut-3-enyl)-1-methylquinolin-2-one	163053513	Click to see	347.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)84347-1
4,6,8-trimethoxy-3-[(2S)-2-methoxy-3-methylbut-3-enyl]-1-methylquinolin-2-one	163053514	Click to see CC(=C)C(CC1=C(C2=C(C(=CC(=C2)OC)OC)N(C1=O)C)OC)OC	347.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)84347-1
4,8-Dimethoxy-5-methyl-7-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinolin-6-one	12314738	Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C2=CC3=C(C(=C2N(C1=O)C)OC)OCO3)OC)C	331.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)84347-1
6-Methoxy-7-(2-methoxy-3-methylbut-3-enyl)-9-methyl-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-h]quinolin-8-one	162880910	Click to see	331.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85268-X
6-Methoxy-7-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-h]quinolin-8(9H)-one	14845307	Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C2=C(C3=C(C=C2)OCO3)NC1=O)OC)C	287.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86348-7
6-methoxy-7-[(2S)-2-methoxy-3-methylbut-3-enyl]-9-methyl-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-h]quinolin-8-one	162880911	Click to see	331.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85268-X
7-(2-Hydroxy-3-methylbut-3-enyl)-6-methoxy-9-methyl-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-h]quinolin-8-one	163036508	Click to see	317.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85268-X
7-(3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutyl)-6-methoxy-9-methyl-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-h]quinolin-8-one	163022440	Click to see	333.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85268-X
7-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-methylbut-3-enyl]-6-methoxy-9-methyl-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-h]quinolin-8-one	163036509	Click to see	317.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85268-X
methyl (2R)-4-(6-methoxy-9-methyl-8-oxo-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-h]quinolin-7-yl)-2-methylbutanoate	162956266	Click to see CC(CCC1=C(C2=C(C3=C(C=C2)OCO3)N(C1=O)C)OC)C(=O)OC	347.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)84347-1
Methyl 4-(6-methoxy-9-methyl-8-oxo-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-h]quinolin-7-yl)-2-methylbutanoate	12314739	Click to see CC(CCC1=C(C2=C(C3=C(C=C2)OCO3)N(C1=O)C)OC)C(=O)OC	347.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)84347-1
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Quinolones and derivatives / Pyranoquinolines
(4R)-2,2,6-trimethyl-4-[(2E)-2-(9-methyl-4-oxo-3H-furo[2,3-b]quinolin-2-ylidene)propyl]-3,4-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]quinolin-5-one	163195025	Click to see CC(=C1CC2=C(O1)N(C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)C)CC4CC(OC5=C4C(=O)N(C6=CC=CC=C65)C)(C)C	482.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.197919791116
(4S)-2,2,6-trimethyl-4-[(2E)-2-(5-methyl-4-oxo-3H-furo[3,2-c]quinolin-2-ylidene)propyl]-3,4-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]quinolin-5-one	162889864	Click to see CC(=C1CC2=C(O1)C3=CC=CC=C3N(C2=O)C)CC4CC(OC5=C4C(=O)N(C6=CC=CC=C65)C)(C)C	482.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.197919791116
(5S)-2-methoxy-6,6-dimethyl-7,12,14-trioxa-9-azatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(10),2,8,11(15),16-pentaen-5-ol	163190708	Click to see CC1(C(CC2=C(C3=C(C4=C(C=C3)OCO4)N=C2O1)OC)O)C	303.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85268-X
2-Methoxy-6,6-dimethyl-7,12,14-trioxa-9-azatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(10),2,8,11(15),16-pentaen-5-ol	14845309	Click to see	303.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85268-X
2,2,6-trimethyl-4-[2-(5-methyl-4-oxo-3H-furo[3,2-c]quinolin-2-ylidene)propyl]-3,4-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]quinolin-5-one	635483	Click to see CC(=C1CC2=C(O1)C3=CC=CC=C3N(C2=O)C)CC4CC(OC5=C4C(=O)N(C6=CC=CC=C65)C)(C)C	482.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.197919791116
2,2,6-trimethyl-4-[2-(9-methyl-4-oxo-3H-furo[2,3-b]quinolin-2-ylidene)propyl]-3,4-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]quinolin-5-one	71440014	Click to see	482.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.197919791116
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Rotenoids / Rotenones
cis-12a-Hydroxyrot-2'-enonic acid	44257415	Click to see	412.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.197919791116

Gallery Top

We don't have an image yet. Upload an image!

Contributors Top

No known contributors. Be the first!

Collections Top

In private collections	0
In public collections	0

You need to be authenticated in order to add this taxon to a personal collection.

Ptelea trifoliata

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top