Details Top

Internal ID UUID64401e24c36a5882021241
Scientific name Gluta usitata
Authority (Wall.) Ding Hou
First published in Blumea 24: 21 (1978)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
• Tannin extract: bark yields high-tannin extract used as a leather tanning agent and in natural dyeing; classified botanically as containing condensed tannins.
• Timber: the heartwood is used for general construction and utility lumber.

Industrial and craft applications:
• Tanning and dyeing: bark-derived tannin extracts are employed in leather tanning and as natural brown colorants for protein fibers (wool/silk) under acidic dyebaths; the same condensed tannin class is the chemical basis for these applications.
• Timber engineering: heartwood is employed as dimension lumber and structural components where durability and moderate hardness are acceptable.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
No documented edible or beverage uses are reported for Gluta usitata.

Colorants and tanning:
• Natural brown colorants: bark tannin extracts provide brown shades on protein fibers.
• Leather tanning: condensed tannins from bark are suitable for vegetable tanning processes; chemical classification supports crosslinking of collagen and dye fixation.

Wood and fiber:
• Wood: moderately heavy and hard; suitable for general construction, flooring, furniture parts, and turnery where appearance and durability permit.
• Fiber: no documented bast or fiber use reported.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No documented fragrance or cosmetic uses are reported.

Properties relevant to use:
• Condensed tannin class in bark enables leather tanning and natural dyeing.
• Wood hardness and density support structural and general-purpose applications.

Standards and regulation:
No species-specific standards or regulatory frameworks are documented.

Sustainability and sourcing:
• Bark harvesting for tannin must be regulated to avoid overharvest and maintain tree health; sustainable harvest methods (e.g., selective coppicing, ring-barking rather than felling) are recommended.
• Timber from plantation or well-managed natural stands is preferable to ensure resource sustainability.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Melanorrhoea usitata Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1: 9 (1829)
Melanorrhoea usitatissima Steud. Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2. 2: 114 (1841)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English theetsee
English thitsi
English burmese lacquer tree
German burmesischer lackbaum
Japanese ビルマウルシ
Japanese melanorrhoea usitata
Burmese သစ်စေး
Thai รักใหญ่
Chinese 缅甸漆树

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Assam
    • Indo-China
      • Laos
      • Myanmar
      • Thailand
      • Vietnam

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000704326
Tropicos 100343628
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:69645-1
The Plant List kew-2827195
PFAF Gluta usitata
Open Tree Of Life 3942367
NCBI Taxonomy 1920634
IPNI 69645-1
iNaturalist 541556
GBIF 3662338
Freebase /m/0c3_zt5
EOL 483486
USDA GRIN 315186
Wikipedia Gluta_usitata

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Quantitative Detection of Thitsiol and Urushiol as Markers from the Gluta usitata Lacquer Tree Using HPLC Lee Y, Lee J, Lee KB, Lee WY, Lee Y Molecules 26-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10779686
doi:10.3390/molecules29010149
PMID:38202732
Improved Measurements of the Physical Properties of Oriental Lacquers Using Atomic Force Microscopy and a Nanoindenter Yu HH, Lim JA, Lee KB, Lee Y Polymers (Basel) 26-Apr-2021
PMCID:PMC8123403
doi:10.3390/polym13091395
PMID:33925850
Effects of Adding Antioxidants on the Lightfastness Improvement of Refined Oriental Lacquer Lu KT, Lee JJ Polymers (Basel) 31-Mar-2021
PMCID:PMC8036300
doi:10.3390/polym13071110
PMID:33807478
HPLC and ToF‒SIMS Analyses of Toxicodendron vernicifluum Tree Sap Mixed with Other Natural Lacquers Yu HH, Ham SW, Lee Y Molecules 15-Jan-2021
PMCID:PMC7830298
doi:10.3390/molecules26020434
PMID:33467697
Quantitative Analysis of Blended Asian Lacquers Using ToF–SIMS, Py–GC/MS and HPLC Yu HH, Lim JA, Ham SW, Lee KB, Lee Y Polymers (Basel) 29-Dec-2020
PMCID:PMC7795005
doi:10.3390/polym13010097
PMID:33383703
Selected abstracts of “Bioinformatics: from Algorithms to Applications 2020” conference N/A BMC Bioinformatics 17-Dec-2020
PMCID:PMC7744130
doi:10.1186/s12859-020-03838-2
PMID:33327929
Pattern of forest recovery and carbon stock following shifting cultivation in Manipur, North-East India Thong P, Sahoo UK, Thangjam U, Pebam R PLoS One 08-Oct-2020
PMCID:PMC7544089
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0239906
PMID:33031401
Indigenous Traditional Knowledge and Usage of Folk Bio-Medicines Among Rongmei Tribe of Tamenglong District of Manipur, India Prakash N, Ansari MA, Punitha P, Sharma PK Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 03-Apr-2014
PMCID:PMC4202445
doi:10.4314/ajtcam.v11i3.34
PMID:25371589
PLANT DERMATITIS: ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Goon AT, Goh CL Indian J Dermatol 01-Nov-2011
PMCID:PMC3276901
doi:10.4103/0019-5154.91833
PMID:22345775
Long chain phenols from the Burmese lac tree, Melanorrhoea usitate Yumin Du, Ryuichi Oshima, Yoshio Yamauchi, Ju Kumanotani, Tetsuo Miyakoshiji Elsevier BV 25-Jul-2002
doi:10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
Analysis of long-chan phenols in the sap of the burmese lac tree, melanorrhoea usitate by capillary gas—liquid chromatography Yumin Du, Ryuichi Oshima Elsevier BV 25-Jul-2002
doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90701-0

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives
1,2-Dimethyl-4-(12-phenyldodecyl)cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol 163192313 Click to see 384.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
1,2-Dimethyl-5-(12-phenyldodecyl)cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,3-diol 163194347 Click to see 384.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Methoxybenzenes / Dimethoxybenzenes
1,2-Dimethoxy-3-(10-phenyldecyl)benzene 14889645 Click to see 354.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
1,2-Dimethoxy-3-(12-phenyldodecyl)benzene 14889646 Click to see 382.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Phenylpropanes
1-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-10-phenyldodecan-2-one 163193950 Click to see 352.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90701-0
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Styrenes
3-Heptadeca-1,3-dienylphenol 163194693 Click to see 328.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90701-0
> Benzenoids / Naphthalenes / Naphthoquinones
2,3,5,8-Tetrahydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone 135543374 Click to see 222.15 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
> Benzenoids / Phenols / 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids
1-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-12-phenyldodecan-2-one 86118623 Click to see 352.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
1-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-14-phenyltetradecan-2-one 86118626 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC2=CC(=CC=C2)O 380.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90701-0
3-(10-Phenyldecyl)phenol 44575633 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCCCCCCCCCC2=CC(=CC=C2)O 310.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90701-0
3-(12-Phenyldodecyl)Phenol 14655085 Click to see 338.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
3-(2-Hydroxynonadeca-1,3-dienyl)phenol 163189726 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=CC(=CC1=CC(=CC=C1)O)O 372.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90701-0
3-(2-Hydroxynonadeca-1,3,5-trienyl)phenol 163195017 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCC=CC=CC(=CC1=CC(=CC=C1)O)O 370.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90701-0
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenediols / Catechols
3-(12-Phenyldodecyl)catechol 14057486 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCCCCCCCCCCCC2=C(C(=CC=C2)O)O 354.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90701-0
3-n-Heptadecatrienylcatechol 187104 Click to see 342.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
3-Pentadecenylcatechol 70388505 Click to see 318.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
3-Pentadecylcatechol 68118 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=C(C(=CC=C1)O)O 320.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90701-0
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
4-(10-Phenyldecyl)benzene-1,2-diol 14057488 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCCCCCCCCCC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O 326.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90701-0
4-(12-Phenyldodecyl)catechol 14057490 Click to see 354.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90701-0
4-Heptadeca-1,3,5-trienylbenzene-1,2-diol 86119190 Click to see 342.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
4-Pentadecylbenzene-1,2-diol 219441 Click to see 320.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
omega-(10-Phenyldecyl)catechol 14057483 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCCCCCCCCCC2=C(C(=CC=C2)O)O 326.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90701-0
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenediols / Resorcinols
5-(10-Phenyldecyl)benzene-1,3-diol 44575634 Click to see 326.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90701-0
5-(12-Phenyldodecyl)benzene-1,3-diol 44575635 Click to see 354.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90701-0
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols / Long-chain fatty alcohols
3-(2-Hydroxy-14-phenyltetradecyl)phenol 162963191 Click to see 382.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90701-0
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Dolabellane and neodolabellane diterpenoids
(3aR,5Z,12aR)-3a,6,10-trimethyl-1-propan-2-ylidene-3,7,8,11,12,12a-hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[11]annulen-4-one 162875206 Click to see CC1=CCCC(=CC(=O)C2(CCC(=C(C)C)C2CC1)C)C 286.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Tertiary alcohols
1,2-Dimethyl-3-pentadecylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol 163192733 Click to see 350.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
1,2-Dimethyl-4-pentadecylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol 163195815 Click to see 350.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
3-Heptadecyl-1,2-dimethylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol 163192445 Click to see 378.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2
4-Heptadecyl-1,2-dimethylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol 163192828 Click to see 378.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)80094-2

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