Frangula alnus
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Author: Public Domain - WikiMedia
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Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64401ccd35204065483674 |
| Scientific name | Frangula alnus |
| Authority | Mill. |
| First published in | Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 1 (1768) |
Description Top
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Frangula alnus, also known as alder buckthorn, glossy buckthorn, or breaking buckthorn, is a deciduous shrub in the Rhamnaceae family. It is native to Europe, northernmost Africa, and western Asia, but has also been introduced and naturalized in eastern North America. Unlike other "buckthorns", it does not have thorns. The shrub can grow up to 6 meters tall and has dark brown bark with bright yellow inner bark. Its leaves are ovate with prominent veins and its flowers are small and insect-pollinated. The fruit is a small black berry that is dispersed by birds. Frangula alnus is used for decorative purposes and has medicinal properties, but it is also considered an invasive species in North America. Efforts have been made to control its spread through hand-pulling and herbicides. The shrub is also valued for its charcoal and dye-producing properties.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Rhamnus sanguinea | Pers. | Syn. Pl. 1: 239 (1805) |
| Rhamnus sanguino | Ortega | Nov. Rar. Pl. Descr. Dec. : 87 (1798) |
| Rhamnus undulata | Simonk. | Növényt. Közlem. 5: 147 (1906) |
| Rhamnus frangula | L. | Sp. Pl. : 193 (1753) |
| Rhamnus nemoralis | Salisb. | Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 139 (1796) |
| Rhamnus autumnalis | Gand. | Fl. Lyon. : 68 (1875) |
| Rhamnus alnoides | Gray | Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 621 (1821 publ. 1822) |
| Frangula alnus f. angustifolia | W.R.Franz | Carinthia II 181/101(2): 438 (1991). |
| Frangula alnus var. elliptica | Meinhardt | Gleditschia 1: 24 (1973) |
| Frangula alnus subsp. saxatilis | Gančev | Fl. Nar. Republ. Bulgariya 7: 494 (1979) |
| Frangula alnus subsp. sphagnicola | A.P.Khokhr. | Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 169: 28 (1994) |
| Frangula atlantica | Grubov | Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 261 (1949) |
| Frangula frangula | H.Karst. | Ill. Repert. Pharm.-Med. Bot. : 868 (1886) |
| Frangula nigra | Samp. | Herb. Port. : 45 (1913) |
| Frangula pentapetala | Gilib. | Exerc. Phyt. 1: 280. 1792 |
| Frangula vulgaris | Hill | Brit. Herb. 519 (1756); Druce in Rep. Bot. Exch. Cl. Brit. Isles, 1913, iii.440. |
| Girtanneria frangula | Neck. | Elem. Bot. (Necker) 2: 121. 1790 |
| Frangula alnus var. prostrata | P.D.Sell | Fl. Great Britain Ireland 3: 518 (2009) |
| Frangula dodonei | Ard. ex Soldano | Boll. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Verona 18: 341 1991 publ. 1994 |
| Frangula sanguinea | (Pers.) Peterm. | Pflanzenreich : 641 (1841-1845) |
| Frangula vulgaris var. parvifolia | Beck | Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 451 (1921) |
| Rhamnus frangula var. subrotunda | Rouy & Foucaud | Fl. France 2: 518 (1895) |
| Frangula vulgaris var. subrotunda | (Rouy & Foucaud) Beck | Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 451 (1921) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | alder buckthorn |
| Spanish | arraclán |
| Spanish | alno baccifero |
| Spanish | avellanito |
| Spanish | avellano bravio |
| Spanish | avellano bravío |
| Spanish | frángula |
| Spanish | gedeondo |
| Spanish | salguera del bierzo |
| Spanish | sanapudio negro |
| Spanish | sangreda |
| Spanish | sangrego |
| Arabic | سدر |
| Arabic | العناب |
| Arabic | زفيزف |
| Azerbaijani | qızılağacabənzər mürdəşər |
| ba | Этмуйыл |
| Belarusian | Крушына ломкая |
| Bulgarian | елшовиден зърнастец |
| Catalan | fràngula |
| Czech | krušina olšová |
| cv | Йыт çĕмĕрчĕ |
| Welsh | breuwydden |
| Danish | almindelig tørst |
| Danish | tørst |
| Danish | tørstetræ |
| German | echter faulbaum |
| German | faulbaum |
| German | faulbeerbaum |
| German | faulholz |
| German | gemeiner faulbaum |
| German | gewöhnlicher faulbaum |
| German | pulverholz |
| German | scheißbeere |
| German | schusterholz |
| Esperanto | frangolo |
| Estonian | harilik paakspuu |
| Estonian | kitsepaats |
| Estonian | mõruuibu |
| Estonian | ohupaats |
| Estonian | paakspuu |
| Estonian | pahaspuu |
| Basque | zumalakar |
| Basque | oilakaran |
| Persian | سیاه توسه |
| Finnish | korpipaatsama |
| Finnish | paatsama |
| French | bourdaine |
| Irish | draighean fearna |
| Galician | sanguiño |
| Croatian | trušljika |
| Upper Sorbian | wšědna psowodźina |
| Hungarian | közönséges kutyabenge |
| Armenian | բեկտենի լաստենատերև |
| Italian | frangola |
| Japanese | クロウメモドキ |
| Kazakh | Сынғақ итшомырт |
| Lithuanian | paprastasis šaltekšnis |
| Latvian | trauslais krūklis |
| Latvian | parastais krūklis |
| Macedonian | крушина |
| Norwegian Bokmål | trollhegg |
| Dutch | sporkehout |
| Dutch | sporkenhout |
| Dutch | sprakel |
| Dutch | vuilboom |
| pcd | nòrtë-finme |
| pcd | bò-puhant |
| pcd | bò`d nòrtë-finme |
| pcd | bordin·ne |
| pcd | brindca |
| pcd | coqhin·ne |
| pcd | nòrbò |
| pcd | nòrépin·ne |
| pcd | purcor |
| Polish | kruszyna pospolita |
| Portuguese | sanguinho-das-ribeiras |
| Romanian | cruşin |
| Romanian | crușin |
| Russian | Крушина ломкая |
| Russian | жостер ломкий |
| Russian | жостёр ломкий |
| Russian | крушина ольховидная |
| Russian | крушинник |
| Russian | крушина ломкая |
| se | botnjemiestta |
| Samogitian | skirpstos |
| Slovak | krušina jelšová |
| Slovenian | navadna krhlika |
| smn | ponjemiestâ |
| Serbian | Крушина |
| stq | fuulbäie |
| stq | huundestok |
| Swedish | brakved |
| Swedish | brågon |
| Swedish | brake |
| Swedish | gulbark |
| Swedish | tröske |
| Turkish | barut ağacı |
| Turkish | barutağacı |
| Turkish | erkek ak diken |
| Turkish | erkek akdiken |
| tt | сынгак эт шомырты |
| Ukrainian | Крушина ламка |
| Ukrainian | жостір ламкий |
| Ukrainian | крушина вільховидна |
| Ukrainian | крушина ламка |
| vep | pagač |
| Chinese | 欧鼠李 |
| Chinese | 药炭鼠李 |
| Chinese | 药绿柴 |
Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Frangula alnus subsp. baetica | (Reverchon & Willk.) Rivas Goday ex Devesa | Lagascalia 11: 107 (1983) |
| Frangula alnus subsp. pontica | (Boiss.) P.H.Davis & Yalt. | Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 10. 1967 (1967) |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
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Africa click to expand
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Macaronesia
- Canary Islands
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Northern Africa
- Algeria
- Morocco
- Tunisia
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Macaronesia
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Asia-temperate click to expand
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Caucasus
- North Caucasus
- Transcaucasus
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China
- Xinjiang
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Middle Asia
- Kazakhstan
- Uzbekistan
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Siberia
- Altay
- Krasnoyarsk
- Tuva
- West Siberia
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Western Asia
- Iran
- Iraq
- Turkey
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Caucasus
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Europe click to expand
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Eastern Europe
- Baltic States
- Belarus
- Central European Russia
- East European Russia
- Krym
- North European Russia
- Northwest European Russia
- South European Russia
- Ukraine
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Middle Europe
- Austria
- Belgium
- Czechoslovakia
- Germany
- Hungary
- Netherlands
- Poland
- Switzerland
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Northern Europe
- Denmark
- Finland
- Great Britain
- Ireland
- Norway
- Sweden
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Southeastern Europe
- Albania
- Bulgaria
- Greece
- Italy
- Romania
- Turkey-in-Europe
- Yugoslavia
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Southwestern Europe
- Corse
- France
- Portugal
- Spain
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Eastern Europe
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Northern America click to expand
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Eastern Canada
- New Brunswick
- Nova Scotia
- Ontario
- Québec
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North-central U.S.A.
- Illinois
- Iowa
- Minnesota
- Nebraska
- Wisconsin
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Northeastern U.S.A.
- Connecticut
- Indiana
- Maine
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New York
- Ohio
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- Vermont
- West Virginia
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Northwestern U.S.A.
- Colorado
- Idaho
- Wyoming
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Southeastern U.S.A.
- Kentucky
- Maryland
- Tennessee
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Western Canada
- Manitoba
- Saskatchewan
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Eastern Canada
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000691852 |
| UNII | 824G7B958Y |
| Cornell Woody Plants | 212 |
| Canadensys | 8593 |
| USDA Plants | FRAL4 |
| UConn | 392 |
| Tropicos | 27500736 |
| INPN | 98887 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:717344-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2814031 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 714690 |
| Observations.org | 152651 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 106677 |
| NBN Atlas | NHMSYS0000458887 |
| Nature Serve | 2.146361 |
| IUCN Red List | 164056 |
| IPNI | 717344-1 |
| iNaturalist | 55972 |
| GBIF | 3039454 |
| Freebase | /m/02z5bbq |
| WisFlora | 13050 |
| FEIS | plants/shrub/fraaln |
| EPPO | RHAFR |
| EOL | 485613 |
| Elurikkus | 4797 |
| US Library of Congress | sh00003152 |
| USDA GRIN | 105534 |
| Wikipedia | Frangula_alnus |
| CMAUP | NPO30631 |
| PaleoBotany | 119207 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Anthracenes | |||||
| Emodin anthrone | 122635 | Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2)C=C(C=C3O)O | 256.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones | |||||
| Frangulin B | 442744 | Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=C(C=C3O)OC4C(C(CO4)(CO)O)O | 402.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones / Hydroxyanthraquinones | |||||
| Emodin | 3220 | Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=C(C=C3O)O | 270.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Naphthalenes / Naphthols and derivatives | |||||
| Nepodin | 100780 | Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=CC=C2)O)C(=C1C(=O)C)O | 216.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isoquinolines and derivatives / Benzylisoquinolines | |||||
| Armepavine | 98348 | Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2C1CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)OC)OC | 313.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7,8-dihydroxycoumarins | |||||
| Fraxetin | 5273569 | Click to see COC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)C=CC(=O)O2)O)O | 208.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |